Prophylaxis against covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis

BMJ, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. n949 - n949

Published: April 26, 2021

Abstract Updates This is the second version (first update) of living systematic review, replacing previous (available as a data supplement). When citing this paper please consider adding number and date access for clarity. Objective To determine compare effects drug prophylaxis on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection disease 2019 (covid-19). Design Living review network meta-analysis (NMA). Data sources WHO covid-19 database, comprehensive multilingual source global literature to 4 March 2022. Study selection Randomised trials in which people at risk were allocated or no (standard care placebo). Pairs reviewers independently screened potentially eligible articles. Methods After duplicate abstraction, we conducted random-effects bayesian meta-analysis. We assessed bias included studies using modification Cochrane 2.0 tool certainty evidence grading recommendations assessment, development evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results The iteration NMA includes 32 randomised enrolled 25 147 participants addressed 21 different prophylactic drugs; (66%), 18 162 (75%) 16 (76%) drugs. Of drugs analysed, none provided convincing reduction laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. For admission hospital mortality outcomes, proved than standard placebo. Hydroxychloroquine vitamin C combined with zinc probably increase adverse leading discontinuation—risk difference hydroxychloroquine (RD) 6 more per 1000 (95% credible interval (CrI) 10 more); zinc, RD 69 (47 90 more), moderate evidence. Conclusion Much remains very low therefore anticipate future evaluating may change results infection, outcomes. Both effects. Systematic registration was not registered. protocol established priori supplement. Funding study supported by Canadian Institutes Health Research (grant CIHR-IRSC:0579001321).

Language: Английский

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Clinical Evidence on the Potential Beneficial Effects of Diet and Dietary Supplements against COVID-19 Infection Risk and Symptoms’ Severity

Medical Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 11 - 11

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Diet and dietary supplements aim to add trace elements, vitamins, minerals the body improve human health boost immune system. In previous few years, new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus strain has been threatening of individuals public more broadly, with rates intensive care unit cases on rise, while long-term COVID-19 complications are persisting until today. peculiar circumstances pandemic, in combination disease prevention techniques, strengthening system is considered particularly important enable it effectively respond eliminate viral pathogen event infection. The purpose current literature review thoroughly summarize critically analyze clinical data concerning potential beneficial effects diet against infection risk symptoms' severity. micronutrients/supplements examined this study relation vitamins A, B, C, D, zinc, selenium, magnesium, iron, omega-3 fatty acids, glutamine, resveratrol, beta-glucans, probiotics. patterns such as Mediterranean severity were also analyzed. Our suggests that micro- macronutrient supplementation a healthy lifestyle may provide support function, both before during However, additional studies recommended draw safe conclusions formulate recommendations their possible preventing co-treating disease.

Language: Английский

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Consensus and Controversial Aspects of Vitamin D and COVID-19

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 108(5), P. 1034 - 1042

Published: Dec. 8, 2022

Abstract Objective This work aims to review and discuss controversial topics in the field of vitamin D, SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19. Methods The International Conferences “Controversies Vitamin D” are a series workshops that started 2017 featuring international experts leaders D research clinical practice. fifth annual conference was held Stresa, Italy, September 15 18, 2021. Evidence Before event, participants reviewed available studies on their assigned topic, drafted related abstract, presented findings at time conference. Relevant literature became since also discussed within panel updated accordingly. Consensus abstracts had been merged prepare preliminary document. After presentations, in-depth discussions open sessions led consensus. document subsequently modified according up-to-date inclusion. Conclusions There is quite consistent evidence for an association between low 25 OH (25(OH)D) levels poor COVID-19 outcomes, despite heterogeneous publications variable quality. However, status patients might reflect reverse causality. supplementation have positive role prevention. supporting beneficial effect treatment decreasing risk complications conflicting. Conclusive statements regarding this context await high-quality, randomized controlled trials.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in hospitalized COVID-19 pediatric patients: A randomized controlled trial

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: July 25, 2022

Some studies suggested that adequate levels of vitamin D (VD) decrease the risk severe COVID-19. Information about effectiveness VD supplementation in children is scarce. To assess efficacy and safety compared to standard care hospitalized with An open-label randomized controlled single-blind clinical trial was carried out. We included patients from 1 month 17 years, moderate COVID-19, who required hospitalization supplemental oxygen. They were into two groups: group, which received doses 1,000 (children < year) or 2,000 IU/day (from years) group without (control). The outcome variables progression oxygen requirement, development complications, death. For comparison between groups, we used chi-squared test Fisher's exact Mann-Whitney U test. Absolute reduction (ARR) number needed treat (NNT) calculated. p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. From 24 March 2020 31 2021, 87 eligible participate trial; 45 randomized: 20 25 control group. There no difference general characteristics at baseline, including serum (median 13.8 ng/ml 11.4 group). 2/20 (10%) vs. 9/25 (36%) progressed a superior ventilation modality (p = 0.10); one patient died (5%) 6 (24%) 0.23). ARR 26% (95% CI 8.8 60.2%) NNT 3 (2 11) for 19% -3.9 42.8%) 26) None receiving had adverse effects. stopped ethical reasons; since after results basal values, none normal levels. In this trial, pediatric seems COVID-19 More are confirm these findings. This protocol registered on ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT04502667.

Language: Английский

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A Narrative Review on the Potential Role of Vitamin D3 in the Prevention, Protection, and Disease Mitigation of Acute and Long COVID-19

Current Nutrition Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 215 - 223

Published: May 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 98 - 98

Published: April 6, 2025

A deficient vitamin D (VitD) status has been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections, severity, and mortality. However, this related to reinfections studied little. Our aim was quantify the risk of considering VitD before reinfection. We performed a population-based prospective cohort study in Borriana (Valencia Community, Spain) during 2020-2023, measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D] levels by electrochemiluminescence. Cox proportional hazards models were employed. Of total 644 cases confirmed laboratory tests, 378 (58.9%) included our study, an average age 38.8 years; 241 females (63.8%), 127 occurred (33.6%). reinfection incidence rates per 1000 person-days 0.50 for (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20-29 0.37 sufficient (≥30 ng/mL). Compared status, adjusted hazard ratios 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89-3.59) 1.59 CI 1.06-2.38) significant inverse dose-response (p = 0.02). These results can help improve nutritional actions against reinfections. suggest that lower than 30 ng/mL showed higher Achieving maintaining is recommended prevent

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Interplay—Vitamin D and ACE-2 Molecular Interactions in Mitigating Complications and Deaths from SARS-CoV-2

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 831 - 831

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

The interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors in epithelial cells facilitates viral entry into human cells. Despite this, ACE-2 exerts significant protective effects against coronaviruses by neutralizing viruses circulation and mitigating inflammation. While reduces expression, vitamin D increases it, counteracting virus's harmful effects. Vitamin D's beneficial actions are mediated through complex molecular mechanisms involving innate adaptive immune systems. Meanwhile, status [25(OH)D concentration] is inversely correlated severity, complications, mortality rates from COVID-19. This study explores which inhibits replication, including suppression transcription enzymes, reduced inflammation oxidative stress, increased expression antibodies antimicrobial peptides. Both hypovitaminosis elevate renin levels, rate-limiting step renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS); it ACE-1 but expression. imbalance leads to elevated levels pro-inflammatory, pro-coagulatory, vasoconstricting peptide angiotensin-II (Ang-II), leading widespread It also causes membrane permeability, allowing fluid infiltrate soft tissues, lungs, vascular system. In contrast, sufficient suppress reducing RAS activity, lowering ACE-1, increasing levels. cleaves Ang-II generate Ang

Language: Английский

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Association of Mediterranean Diet Adherence with Sociodemographic, Anthropometric, and Lifestyle Factors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Greece

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(19), P. 4123 - 4123

Published: Sept. 24, 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected several aspects of people’s lifestyle worldwide. Healthy dietary patterns and their bioactive components may improve or even co-treat the negative impacts in mental health daily life. aim this survey is to evaluate potential effect Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence against COVID-19-induced complications. Methods: This a cross-sectional performed on 3721 adults aged between 18 65 years old, which aims association MD with multiple sociodemographic, anthropometric, factors during period. Results: study supported evidence that elevated compliance was independently related female gender, better economic status, no smoking, increased risk abdominal obesity, higher physical activity levels, greater prevalence adequate sleep quality, quality life, reduced probability anxiety depression by adjusting for confounders. Conclusions: aspect Further research strongly recommended exploring possible beneficial effects complications

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D deficiency during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among healthcare workers

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60, P. 210 - 216

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Background & Aims: Vitamin D deficiency is a common nutritional problem worldwide that may have worsened during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.The present study sought to examine prevalence and correlates of vitamin among healthcare workers three years after start COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Participants comprised 2543 staff members from medical research institute, who completed questionnaire donated blood samples in June 2023.25-hydroxyvitamin (25[OH]D) levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.Logistic regression was used calculate odds ratio its 95% confidence interval while adjusting for covariates.Results: The proportions participants with insufficiency (25[OH]D 20-29 ng/mL) <20 44.9% 45.9%, respectively.In multivariableadjusted model, factors associated higher included younger age, female sex, fewer hours daytime outdoor physical activity leisure time (without regular use sunscreen), lower intake fatty fish, no supplements, smoking, alcohol consumption.Occupational factors, including shift work, not independently deficiency.Conclusions: Our results suggest are highly prevalent workers.Health education regarding lifestyle modifications this occupational group warranted improve their status era.

Language: Английский

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Effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus

Cellular Molecular and Biomedical Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 189 - 198

Published: May 5, 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases with high prevalence, mortality and morbidity characterized by prolonged blood glucose concentrations resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action, or both. This study aimed to assess the role vitamin D supplementation glycemic control uncontrolled type 1 diabetes deficiency. It prospective between 1st October 2022 31st July 2023, where ninety patients (male: female ratio 1:1) deficiency attended The Specialized Center for Endocrinology Baghdad Government-Iraq, their ages 5-18 years were followed 10months Hemoglobin A1c (Hba1c) serum calcium after correction level therapeutic doses D. findings had shown that 41.1% insufficiency 58.9% regardless sex age. All obese children 66.4% overweight significant correlation BMI (P<0.001). severity was also related duration disease diagnoses Good occurs levels>50ng/ml (P<0.01). In 14.5% 6 months, levels again became deficient, so re-check needed months end loading therapy. Vitamin among closely control. negatively body weight disease. Additionally, have demonstrated dose has potential manage levels.

Language: Английский

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