Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(4), P. 1337 - 1337
Published: Feb. 18, 2025
Introduction:
Substance
use
disorder
(SUD)
is
a
significant
global
clinical
issue
marked
by
the
excessive
consumption
of
alcohol,
nicotine,
and
various
psychoactive
substances,
leading
to
impaired
social,
cognitive,
occupational
functioning.
Individuals
with
SUD
frequently
experience
depression
anxiety
disorders,
which
exacerbate
their
prognosis
contribute
substantial
health
social
burdens.
The
pathophysiology
its
associated
conditions
multifaceted,
involving
multiple
dysfunctions
in
brain.
This
complexity
underscores
an
urgent
need
for
development
noninvasive
treatments
that
can
directly
target
One
them
transcranial
direct
current
stimulation
(tDCS),
intensively
studied
technique
safely
modulating
cortical
excitability.
aim
this
study
investigate
effectiveness
tDCS
treating
symptoms
SUD.
Methods:
With
emphasis
on
underlying
mechanisms
action,
mechanistic
review
investigates
patients.
Literature
searches
were
conducted
using
PubMed/Medline,
ResearchGate,
Cochrane,
Google
Scholar
databases.
Results:
identified
12
relevant
studies.
results
showed
left
dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortex
(DLPFC)
effective
treatment
option
In
right
DLPFC
effective,
better
observed
stimulation.
However,
included
studies
differed
methodology,
sample
characteristics,
measurement
methods,
could
have
influenced
final
analysis.
central
focus
discuss
potential
action
These
include
modulation
brain
networks,
reduction
neuroinflammation,
enhancement
neuroplasticity,
increase
P300
amplitude.
We
also
limitations
propose
ways
address
future
research.
Conclusions:
provides
evidence
Stimulation
reduces
depression,
while
anxiety.
research
required
confirm
these
findings
deepen
our
understanding
through
exerts
effects
context.
Neuroimaging
methods
(fMRI
EEG)
blood
tests
be
particularly
useful.
Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Nov. 21, 2024
This
review
explores
the
evidence
for
using
a
ketogenic
diet
as
transdiagnostic
treatment
mental
health
disorders.
We
examine
biological
pathophysiologic
mechanisms
that
underlie
many
neuropsychiatric
disorders—such
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
oxidative
stress,
inflammation,
glucose
hypometabolism,
and
glutamate/GABA
imbalance—that
can
be
ameliorated
by
diet.
Additionally,
literature
summarizes
clinical
trials
case
reports
on
various
psychiatric
Recent
research
provides
may
an
effective
schizophrenia/schizoaffective
disorder,
bipolar
depression,
anxiety
disorders,
Alzheimer's
disease,
autism
spectrum
somatic
eating
alcohol
use
disorder.
Many
disorders
have
shared
metabolic
pathways
exacerbate
or
cause
psychopathology.
The
is
not
only
address
but
also
ameliorate
symptoms
like
anxiety,
mania,
psychosis,
cognitive
impairment.
These
effects
suggest
has
potential
to
serve
non-pharmacological
option
ease
global
disease
burden
of
Cells,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(23), P. 3767 - 3767
Published: Nov. 25, 2022
Dementia
is
reported
to
be
common
in
those
with
type
2
diabetes
mellitus.
Type
contributes
molecular
mechanisms
and
an
underlying
pathology
dementia.
Brain
cells
becoming
resistant
insulin
leads
elevated
blood
glucose
levels,
impaired
synaptic
plasticity,
microglial
overactivation,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
neuronal
apoptosis,
nutrient
deprivation,
TAU
(Tubulin-Associated
Unit)
phosphorylation,
cholinergic
dysfunction.
If
has
neuroprotective
properties,
resistance
may
interfere
properties.
Risk
factors
have
a
significant
impact
on
the
development
of
diseases,
such
as
diabetes,
obesity,
stroke,
other
conditions.
Analysis
risk
importance
for
association
between
dementia
important
because
they
impede
clinical
management
early
diagnosis.
We
discuss
pathological
physiological
behind
mellitus
dementia,
resistance,
signaling,
sporadic
forms
dementia;
relationship
receptor
activation
phosphorylation;
mRNA
expression
downregulation
related
receptors;
neural
modulation
due
secretion
homeostasis;
apoptosis
Addressing
these
will
offer
outcome-based
insights
into
connection
patients
cognitive
impairment.
Furthermore,
we
explore
role
brain
evidence
anti-diabetic
drugs
prevention
diabetes.
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
5
Published: March 6, 2023
Physical
activity
(PA)
is
an
effective
way
of
increasing
cognitive
and
emotional
health
counteracting
many
psychiatric
conditions.
Numerous
neurobiological
models
for
depression
have
emerged
in
the
past
30
years
but
struggle
to
incorporate
effects
exercise.
The
hippocampus
pre-frontal
cortex
(PFC)
containing
predominantly
glutamate
neurotransmission,
are
centres
changes
seen
depression.
There
therefore
interest
glutamatergic
systems
which
offers
new
paradigms
understanding
mechanisms
connecting
physical
activity,
stress,
inflammation
depression,
not
explained
by
serotonin
theories
Similar
hippocampal
dysfunction
observed
other
neuropsychiatric
Excitatory
neurones
high
functionality,
also
ATP
requirements
vulnerable
glucocorticoid
or
pro-inflammatory
stress
that
causes
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
with
synaptic
loss,
culminating
depressed
mood
cognition.
Exercise
improves
function,
angiogenesis
synaptogenesis.
Within
hypothesis
been
extensively
researched,
PA
as
a
mitigator
less
understood.
This
review
examines
underlying
evidence
interventions
within
this
framework.
A
dynamic
glutamate-based
homeostatic
model
suggested
whereby
neuroinflammation
form
counterbalancing
influences
on
cell
manifests
conditions
when
homeostasis
disrupted.
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(4), P. 1337 - 1337
Published: Feb. 18, 2025
Introduction:
Substance
use
disorder
(SUD)
is
a
significant
global
clinical
issue
marked
by
the
excessive
consumption
of
alcohol,
nicotine,
and
various
psychoactive
substances,
leading
to
impaired
social,
cognitive,
occupational
functioning.
Individuals
with
SUD
frequently
experience
depression
anxiety
disorders,
which
exacerbate
their
prognosis
contribute
substantial
health
social
burdens.
The
pathophysiology
its
associated
conditions
multifaceted,
involving
multiple
dysfunctions
in
brain.
This
complexity
underscores
an
urgent
need
for
development
noninvasive
treatments
that
can
directly
target
One
them
transcranial
direct
current
stimulation
(tDCS),
intensively
studied
technique
safely
modulating
cortical
excitability.
aim
this
study
investigate
effectiveness
tDCS
treating
symptoms
SUD.
Methods:
With
emphasis
on
underlying
mechanisms
action,
mechanistic
review
investigates
patients.
Literature
searches
were
conducted
using
PubMed/Medline,
ResearchGate,
Cochrane,
Google
Scholar
databases.
Results:
identified
12
relevant
studies.
results
showed
left
dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortex
(DLPFC)
effective
treatment
option
In
right
DLPFC
effective,
better
observed
stimulation.
However,
included
studies
differed
methodology,
sample
characteristics,
measurement
methods,
could
have
influenced
final
analysis.
central
focus
discuss
potential
action
These
include
modulation
brain
networks,
reduction
neuroinflammation,
enhancement
neuroplasticity,
increase
P300
amplitude.
We
also
limitations
propose
ways
address
future
research.
Conclusions:
provides
evidence
Stimulation
reduces
depression,
while
anxiety.
research
required
confirm
these
findings
deepen
our
understanding
through
exerts
effects
context.
Neuroimaging
methods
(fMRI
EEG)
blood
tests
be
particularly
useful.
