Arhiv za farmaciju,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
74(6), P. 774 - 795
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Schizophrenia
and
other
related
disorders
represent
a
major
clinical
challenge,
with
environmental
genetic
factors
contributing
to
their
occurrence.
Animal
models
are
indispensable
tools
for
understanding
the
complex
neurobiological
mechanisms
underlying
psychosis
developing
new
therapeutic
approaches.
This
review
focuses
on
animal
commonly
used
in
schizophrenia
research,
especially
those
based
prenatal
postnatal
risk
factors.
Prenatal
exposure
infections,
such
as
bacterial
lipopolysaccharides
(LPS)
viral
components
poly
I:C,
activates
immune
responses
that
lead
long-lasting
structural
functional
changes
brain,
including
hippocampal
atrophy
cortical
thinning.
Postnatal
early
life
stress,
social
isolation
drug
abuse,
particularly
cannabis,
also
being
modelled
investigate
effects
brain
development
onset
of
psychosis.
These
allow
controlled
manipulation
challenges
provide
insights
into
aetiology
pathophysiology
disease.
However,
variability
experimental
protocols
lack
female
representation
many
studies
underscore
need
more
robust
inclusive
models.
Ultimately,
these
crucial
better
testing
potential
interventions.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
167, P. 115652 - 115652
Published: Oct. 4, 2023
Mitochondria
maintain
the
normal
physiological
function
of
nerve
cells
by
producing
sufficient
cellular
energy
and
performing
crucial
roles
in
maintaining
metabolic
balance
through
intracellular
Ca2+
homeostasis,
oxidative
stress,
axonal
development.
Depression
is
a
prevalent
psychiatric
disorder
with
an
unclear
pathophysiology.
Damage
to
hippocampal
neurons
key
component
plasticity
regulation
synapses
plays
critical
role
mechanism
depression.
There
evidence
suggesting
that
mitochondrial
dysfunction
associated
synaptic
impairment.
The
maintenance
homeostasis
includes
quantitative
quality
control
mitochondria.
Mitochondrial
biogenesis
produces
new
healthy
mitochondria,
dynamics
cooperates
mitophagy
remove
damaged
These
processes
population
stability
exert
neuroprotective
effects
against
early
In
contrast,
observed
various
brain
regions
patients
major
depressive
disorders.
accumulation
defective
mitochondria
accelerates
dysfunction.
addition,
impaired
aggravate
alterations
microenvironment,
promoting
neuroinflammation
depletion,
thereby
exacerbating
development
This
review
summarizes
influence
underlying
molecular
pathways
on
pathogenesis
Additionally,
we
discuss
as
potential
therapeutic
strategy
for
Frontiers in Nutrition,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Jan. 31, 2025
Neurological
disorders
pose
significant
global
public
health
challenges,
with
a
rising
prevalence
and
complex
pathophysiological
mechanisms
that
impose
substantial
social
economic
burdens.
Traditional
Chinese
Medicine
(TCM),
its
holistic
approach
multi-target
effects,
has
gained
increasing
attention
in
the
treatment
of
neurological
diseases.
This
review
explores
bioactive
compounds
derived
from
herbal
plants,
focusing
on
their
action,
underlying
pathways,
potential
applications
functional
food
development.
The
highlights
neuroprotective
properties
flavonoids,
alkaloids,
polysaccharides,
polyphenols
found
key
TCM
herbs
such
as
Scutellaria
baicalensis
,
Salvia
miltiorrhiza
Ligusticum
chuanxiong
Gastrodia
elata
.
These
have
demonstrated
anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant,
neurogenic
making
them
promising
candidates
for
prevention
conditions,
including
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD),
Parkinson’s
(PD),
depression.
Furthermore,
synergistic
effects
formulations
targeting
multiple
signaling
pathways
offer
advantages
over
single-target
therapies,
especially
combating
neurodegenerative
also
discusses
challenges
future
directions
integrating
these
into
foods
dietary
supplements,
aiming
to
improve
enhance
clinical
outcomes.
Ultimately,
this
work
aims
provide
valuable
insights
TCM-based
interventions
promoting
well-being
addressing
burden
disorders.
Phytotherapy Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
38(3), P. 1400 - 1461
Published: Jan. 17, 2024
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric
disorders
are
anticipated
to
be
a
leading
health
concern
in
the
near
future,
emphasizing
an
outstanding
need
for
development
of
new
effective
therapeutics
treat
them.
Stilbenes,
with
resveratrol
attracting
most
attention,
example
multi‐target
compounds
promising
therapeutic
potential
broad
array
neuropsychiatric
and
neurological
conditions.
This
review
is
comprehensive
summary
current
state
research
on
stilbenes
several
such
as
depression,
anxiety,
schizophrenia,
autism
spectrum
disorders,
epilepsy,
traumatic
brain
injury,
neurodegenerative
disorders.
We
describe
discuss
results
both
vitro
vivo
studies.
The
majority
studies
concentrate
resveratrol,
limited
findings
exploring
other
pterostilbene,
piceatannol,
polydatin,
tetrahydroxystilbene
glucoside,
or
synthetic
derivatives.
Overall,
although
extensive
preclinical
show
benefits
various
central
nervous
system
clinical
evidence
their
efficacy
largely
missing.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(17), P. 2856 - 2856
Published: Aug. 26, 2024
The
medicinal
properties
of
resveratrol
have
garnered
increasing
attention
from
researchers.
Extensive
data
been
accumulated
on
its
use
in
treating
cardiovascular
diseases,
immune
system
disorders,
cancer,
neurological
and
behavioral
disorders.
protective
mechanisms
resveratrol,
particularly
anxiety-related
stress
well
documented.
However,
less
has
given
to
the
side
effects
resveratrol.
This
review
explores
not
only
underlying
anxiolytic
but
also
that
may
lead
increased
anxiety
following
treatment.
Understanding
these
is
crucial
for
enhancing
efficacy
managing
disorders
associated
with
PTSD.
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
5
Published: March 6, 2023
Physical
activity
(PA)
is
an
effective
way
of
increasing
cognitive
and
emotional
health
counteracting
many
psychiatric
conditions.
Numerous
neurobiological
models
for
depression
have
emerged
in
the
past
30
years
but
struggle
to
incorporate
effects
exercise.
The
hippocampus
pre-frontal
cortex
(PFC)
containing
predominantly
glutamate
neurotransmission,
are
centres
changes
seen
depression.
There
therefore
interest
glutamatergic
systems
which
offers
new
paradigms
understanding
mechanisms
connecting
physical
activity,
stress,
inflammation
depression,
not
explained
by
serotonin
theories
Similar
hippocampal
dysfunction
observed
other
neuropsychiatric
Excitatory
neurones
high
functionality,
also
ATP
requirements
vulnerable
glucocorticoid
or
pro-inflammatory
stress
that
causes
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
with
synaptic
loss,
culminating
depressed
mood
cognition.
Exercise
improves
function,
angiogenesis
synaptogenesis.
Within
hypothesis
been
extensively
researched,
PA
as
a
mitigator
less
understood.
This
review
examines
underlying
evidence
interventions
within
this
framework.
A
dynamic
glutamate-based
homeostatic
model
suggested
whereby
neuroinflammation
form
counterbalancing
influences
on
cell
manifests
conditions
when
homeostasis
disrupted.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(17), P. 13131 - 13131
Published: Aug. 23, 2023
Early-life
stress
(ELS)
was
found
to
increase
the
risk
of
adolescent
depression,
and
clinical
evidence
indicated
that
eicosapentaenoic
acid
(EPA)
decreased
in
patients
with
but
underlying
mechanisms
are
unclear.
Here,
we
utilized
an
ELS
model
maternal
separation
early
weaning
explore
protective
role
EPA
depression.
We
induced
depression-like
behavior
rather
than
anxiety-like
mice.
RNA-sequencing
results
showed
changed
transcription
pattern
liver,
including
863
upregulated
genes
971
downregulated
genes,
especially
those
related
biosynthesis
unsaturated
fatty
acids
metabolism
liver.
Moreover,
expression
rate-limiting
enzymes,
desaturases
1/2
(FADS1/2),
involved
Additionally,
reduced
levels
serum,
hippocampus,
administration
improved
behavior-induced
by
ELS.
Our
provide
transcriptomic
increases
depression
reducing
synthesis
EPA,
suggest
supplementation
should
be
investigated
as
a
potential
treatment
for
Neuroscience Applied,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
3, P. 104068 - 104068
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
As
one
of
the
main
characteristics
adolescence
is
increased
desire
for
social
interaction
and
formation
meaningful
relationships,
it
represents
a
particularly
vulnerable
period
stressors.
Moreover,
isolation
during
can
significantly
alter
brain
function
increase
likelihood
anxiety
disorders
in
early
adulthood.
The
aim
this
retrospective
meta-analysis
prospective
behavioural
experiment
was
to
investigate
whether
chronic
stress
causes
generalised
anxiety-like
behaviour
rodents.
previously
published
data
showed
that
leads
an
exclusively
male
isolated
rodents
has
ambiguous
effect
on
behaviour.
In
subsequent
experiment,
Sprague-Dawley
rats
both
sexes
were
subjected
six
weeks
their
investigated
open
field,
elevated
plus
maze,
three-chamber
test.
Consistent
with
literature
analysis,
males,
as
indicated
by
decrease
time
spent
centre
field
arms
compared
controls.
Both
female
sociability
test,
preference
ratio
versus
neutral
stimuli,
Altogether,
males
females.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Nov. 1, 2023
Background:
Early
life
stress
(ELS)
is
a
major
risk
factor
for
depression
in
adolescents.
The
nucleus
accumbens
(NAc)
key
center
of
the
reward
system,
and
spine
remodeling
NAc
contributes
to
development
depression.
Si-Ni-San
formula
(SNS)
fundamental
prescription
treating
traditional
Chinese
medicine.
However,
little
known
about
effects
SNS
on
behavioral
abnormalities
plasticity
induced
by
ELS.
Purpose:
This
study
aimed
investigate
therapeutic
effect
modulatory
mechanism
abnormal
behaviors
caused
Methods:
We
utilized
model
ELS
that
involved
maternal
separation
with
early
weaning
explore
protective
adolescent
Depressive-like
were
evaluated
sucrose
preference
test,
tail
suspension
forced
swimming
test;
anxiety-like
monitored
open
field
test
elevated
plus
maze.
A
laser
scanning
confocal
microscope
was
used
analyze
dendritic
NAc.
activity
Rac1
detected
pull-down
Western
blot
tests.
Viral-mediated
gene
transfer
its
role
ELS-induced
depression-like
adolescence.
Results:
but
not
mice,
accompanied
an
increase
stubby
density,
decrease
mushroom
decreased
Overexpression
constitutively
active
reversed
depression-related
behaviors,
leading
density
density.
Moreover,
attenuated
behavior
mice
counteracted
Additionally,
increased
activity,
inhibition
weakened
antidepressant
SNS.
Conclusion:
These
results
suggest
may
exert
modulating
associated
