Guidance for assessment of the inflammation etiologic criterion for the GLIM diagnosis of malnutrition: A modified Delphi approach

Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(2), P. 145 - 154

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Abstract Background The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) approach to malnutrition diagnosis is based assessment of three phenotypic (weight loss, low body mass index, and reduced skeletal muscle mass) two etiologic (reduced food intake/assimilation disease burden/inflammation) criteria, with confirmed by fulfillment any combination at least one criterion. original GLIM description provided limited guidance regarding inflammation, this has been a factor impeding further implementation the criteria. We now seek provide practical for inflammation. Methods A GLIM‐constituted working group 36 participants developed consensus‐based through modified Delphi review. multiround review revision process served develop seven statements. Results final round was highly favorable, 99% overall “agree” or “strongly agree” responses. presence acute chronic disease, infection, injury that usually associated inflammatory activity may be used fulfill burden/inflammation criterion, without need laboratory confirmation. However, we recommend recognition underlying medical conditions commonly inflammation supported C‐reactive protein (CRP) measurements when contribution components uncertain. Interpretation CRP requires consideration given method, reference values, units (milligrams per deciliter milligram liter) clinical being used. Conclusion Confirmation should guided judgment condition, signs, CRP.

Language: Английский

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Guidance for assessment of the inflammation etiologic criterion for the GLIM diagnosis of malnutrition: A modified Delphi approach

Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(5), P. 1025 - 1032

Published: Nov. 29, 2023

The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) approach to malnutrition diagnosis is based assessment of three phenotypic (weight loss, low body mass index, and reduced skeletal muscle mass) two etiologic (reduced food intake/assimilation disease burden/inflammation) criteria, with confirmed by fulfillment any combination at least one criterion. original GLIM description provided limited guidance regarding inflammation this has been a factor impeding further implementation the criteria. We now seek provide practical for in support criterion inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Cholesterol and COVID-19—therapeutic opportunities at the host/virus interface during cell entry

Life Science Alliance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(5), P. e202302453 - e202302453

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

The rapid development of vaccines to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections has been critical reduce the severity COVID-19. However, continuous emergence new SARS-CoV-2 subtypes highlights need develop additional approaches that oppose viral infections. Targeting host factors support virus entry, replication, and propagation provide opportunities lower infection rates improve COVID-19 outcome. This includes cellular cholesterol, which is for spike proteins capture machinery cell entry. Once endocytosed, exit from late endosomal/lysosomal compartment occurs in a cholesterol-sensitive manner. In addition, effective release particles also requires cholesterol. Hence, cholesterol-lowering statins, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 antibodies, ezetimibe have revealed potential protect against pharmacological inhibition cholesterol exiting endosomes/lysosomes identified drug candidates, including antifungals, block infection. review describes multiple roles at surface endolysosomes entry drugs targeting homeostasis infectivity disease severity.

Language: Английский

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Regulation of Inflammatory Responses: Harnessing the Ruan Mai Jian Targeting of EphA2/ephrinA1 Pathway to Enhance Atherosclerosis Amelioration

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 156398 - 156398

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The cell origins of foam cell and lipid metabolism regulated by mechanical stress in atherosclerosis

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 13, 2023

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease initiated by endothelial activation, in which lipoprotein, cholesterol, extracellular matrix, and various types of immune non-immune cells are accumulated formed into plaques on the arterial wall suffering from disturbed flow, characterized low oscillating shear stress. Foam a major cellular component atherosclerotic plaques, play indispensable role occurrence, development rupture plaques. It was previously believed that foam were derived macrophages or smooth muscle cells, but recent studies have suggested there other sources cells. Many found distribution not random distributed at bend bifurcation tree. The plaque affected mechanical In this review, we reviewed advances cell formation atherosclerosis regulation lipid metabolism forces. These findings provide new clues for investigating mechanisms progression.

Language: Английский

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Novel Anti-Inflammatory Therapies in Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 1669 - 1669

Published: July 31, 2023

Evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in atherosclerosis and the consequent clinical presentation, including stable coronary artery disease (CAD) acute syndromes (ACS). The most essential elements are cytokines, proteins with hormone-like properties produced by immune cells, endothelial platelets, fibroblasts, some stromal cells. Interleukins (IL-1β IL-6), chemokines, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) cytokines commonly associated dysfunction, vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis. These molecules can be targeted used therapeutic substances or selective exert anti-inflammatory actions. significant therapies aspirin, statins, colchicine, IL-1β inhibitors, IL-6 along novel such as TNF-α inhibitors IL-1 receptor antagonists. Aspirin statins well-established for CAD their pleiotropic actions contribute to efficacy favorable profile. Colchicine may also considered high-risk patients if recurrent ACS episodes occur when on optimal medical therapy according recent guidelines. Recent randomized studies have shown specifically targeting inflammatory interleukins reduce risk cardiovascular events, but these yet fully implemented practice. Preclinical research is intense, various mediators believed implicated CAD, namely repeated transfers of soluble mutant IFN-γ receptors, NLRP3 inflammasome IL-10 delivery nanocarriers, chemokine modulatory treatments, reacting oxygen species (ROS) nanoparticles. Such approaches, although intriguing promising, ought tested settings before safe conclusions drawn. Although link between significant, further needed order elucidate this association improve outcomes CAD.

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal and concurrent C-reactive protein and diet associations with cognitive function in the population-based Tromsø study

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Background Immune dysregulation has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease; however, precise mechanisms and timing have not established. Objective To investigate the concurrent longitudinal associations of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) dietary inflammatory index (DII) with cognitive decline as observed disease. Methods The study was based on 7613 individuals who participated Tromsø6 (2007–2008) Tromsø7 (2015–2016). We analyzed relationship between CRP levels, DII, function cross-sectionally using linear regression. used mediation analysis to examine if mediates effects DII function. Further, we related baseline change after 7 years follow up. mixed models relate changes levels measured at two time points apart. Results Both level were inversely associated (psychomotor speed, executive function). There no prospective Increase decrease function, verbal memory) measurements model did show convincing evidence a mediating effect association diet Conclusions After comprehensive CRP, conclude that is likely reflect environment occurring parallel decline.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Exposure to Air Pollution and Cold Weather on Acute Myocardial Infarction Mortality

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 469 - 469

Published: April 17, 2025

(1) Background: Human exposure to air pollution may induce inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, extreme temperatures relative humidity cause vasoconstriction abnormal blood cell function. These harmful effects increase cardiovascular disease mortality. The of climatic factors on mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are relatively unknown. (2) Methods: We used AMI data collected from Taiwan’s Medical Quality Indicator. Air pollutant were the Taiwanese Environmental Protection Administration, temperature obtained Central Weather Administration. estimated using Poisson regression analyze risk (RR) associated pollutants factors. (3) Results: RR for every 4.7 μg/m3 particulate matter a diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was 1.086 (95% CI: 1.033–1.142, p = 0.001). 10.3 ppb ozone concentration 1.095 1.011–1.185, 0.025). 6.5 °C decrease 1.087 1.024–1.154, 0.006) (4) Conclusions: This study revealed that higher PM2.5 concentrations, along cold weather, individuals AMI. government must develop policies promote prevention, mitigate pollution, alert residents about poor quality thereby promoting sustainable human health.

Language: Английский

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CORRECTION OF DYSLIPIDEMIA: HISTORICAL ASPECT AND MODERN PERSPECTIVE ON THE PROBLEM (REVIEW, PART I)

Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 152 - 161

Published: April 17, 2025

Aim. To conduct a generalization of scientific research on the history use medications for correction dyslipidemia in clinical practice. Materials and methods. The analysis articles, guidelines recommendations justification implementation appointment hypolipidemic drugs treatment prevention cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was carried out. methods used were: systematic approach, bibliosemantic, analytical. Results. Hypotheses regarding role hypercholesterolemia development atherosclerotic lesions system were proposed as early second half 19th century, approaches need to correct substantiated only with introduction concept risk factors 20th century. However, it took almost two decades CVD into first pharmacological drug that began be practice nicotinic acid (niacin). Bile sequestrants (cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam) became group, fibrates (fenofibrate, bezafibrate, gemfibrozil, ciprofibrate) third group therapy drugs. Later, these gave way statins, whose effectiveness higher safety profile better. Statin is generally well tolerated adverse reactions occur less than 5% randomized trials. At current stage, statins remain first-line lipid metabolism. evidence base significant, results trials have demonstrated this secondary primary CVD. Since end 90s there has been steady increase prescription Сonclusions. Medications since Niacin, fibrates, bile now replaced by which

Language: Английский

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An update on renal tubular injury as related to glycolipid metabolism in diabetic kidney disease

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 24, 2025

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes, which can result in end-stage renal (ESRD). As the main site reabsorption and its exposed environment, tubules be damaged by various factors. Recent studies have shown that tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) injury plays an important role occurrence progression DKD. The glycolipid metabolism disorders are vital factor contributing to RTECs injury, turn affects Abnormal glucose lipid cause oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, cell apoptosis accumulation, injury. Therefore, this review describes pathological mechanism caused corresponding therapeutic drugs clinical treatment

Language: Английский

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