Polycystic ovary syndrome and its management: In view of oxidative stress

BioMolecular Concepts, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

In the past two decades, oxidative stress (OS) has drawn a lot of interest due to revelation that individuals with many persistent disorders including diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), cardiovascular, and other often have aberrant oxidation statuses. OS close interplay PCOS features such as insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, chronic inflammation; there is belief might contribute development PCOS. currently recognized not only one most prevalent endocrine but also significant contributor female infertility, affecting considerable proportion women globally. Therefore, understanding relationship between crucial therapeutic preventive strategies for Moreover, mechanistic study intracellular reactive oxygen species/ nitrogen species formation its possible interaction women's reproductive health required, which includes complex enzymatic non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Apart from that, our current review regulation pathogenesis OS. A change in lifestyle, physical activity, various supplements boost levels, particularly vitamins, usage medicinal herbs, thought be best way combat this occurrence improve pathophysiologic conditions associated

Language: Английский

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The most appropriate indicators of successful ovarian stimulation

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(S1)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Abstract Ovarian stimulation (OS) is a crucial component of clinical IVF treatment that strongly influences outcomes. As such, it useful to understand the indicators for successful OS during IVF. leads multiple follicular recruitment, can be quantified as number oocytes retrieved. Optimal should help maximize oocytes, thus improving preclinical laboratory outcomes ultimately lead with maximal efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness. To guide OS, this review details prognostic factors appropriate endpoints an optimal at each stage cycle.

Language: Английский

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High Fat Diet and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Adolescence: An Overview of Nutritional Strategies

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 938 - 938

Published: March 24, 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted and heterogeneous disorder, linked with notable reproductive, metabolic, psychological outcomes. During adolescence, key components of PCOS treatment involve weight loss achieved through lifestyle dietary interventions, subsequently pursued by pharmacological or surgical therapies. Nutritional interventions represent the first-line therapeutic approach in adolescents affected PCOS, but different kinds protocols exist, so it necessary to clarify effectiveness benefits most well-known nutritional approaches. We provided comprehensive review current literature concerning definition, pathophysiology, options, highlighting strategies, particularly those related high-fat diets. The proposed literature, such as ketogenic diet (KD), appear provide patients terms control metabolic parameters. Among types KD studies, very low-calorie diets (VLCKD), can be considered an effective intervention for short-term PCOS. It rapidly leads alongside improvements body composition profile. Even though extremely advantageous, long-term adherence limiting factor. Indeed, this regimen could become unsustainable due important restrictions required ketosis development. Thus, combination more nutrient-rich regimens, Mediterranean diet, amplify positive effects individuals

Language: Английский

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Nutritional and exercise interventions to improve conception in women suffering from obesity and distinct nosological entities

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 28, 2024

Infertility among women, particularly those living with obesity, presents a multifaceted challenge implications for reproductive health worldwide. Lifestyle interventions, mainly focusing on weight loss, have emerged as promising strategies to improve fertility outcomes in this population. This review aims explore the effectiveness of various lifestyle encompassing dietary modifications and exercise regimens, enhancing women obesity associated conditions such polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, premenopause, hypothyroidism eating disorders. Methodology study search encompass broad spectrum, ranging from interventions targeting management through slow or rapid loss approaches emphasizing whole food groups, specific nutrients, patterns like low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets, well Mediterranean diet. By synthesizing existing findings recommendations, contributes understanding addressing infertility, an emphasis population age excess known unknown infertility issues, while promoting their integration into clinical practice optimize overall well-being.

Language: Английский

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Lepidium Sativum Extract Alleviates Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Induced by Letrozole and High-Fat Diet in Rats

Reproductive Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 6, 2025

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology, leading to infertility an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction. This study investigated the protective effects Lepidium sativum seed extract (LSSE) on fertility pregnancy outcomes in rat model PCOS induced letrozole high-fat diet (HFD) (68% regular food pellets, 6% maize oil, 20% milk powder, ghee). was oral administration letrozole, aromatase inhibitor, (1 mg/kg 2% DMSO) along with HFD for four weeks results were compared metformin antidiabetic agent. Sixty rats divided into five groups (n = 12): control, PCOS, + LSSE (250 mg/kg), (500 (200 mg/kg). Half euthanized after weeks, while remaining housed males male: 2 females) testing outcomes. led remarkable improvements body weight, glucose, sex hormonal balance, liver kidney functions, antioxidant anti-inflammatory systems, mating indices, outcomes, fetal morphology. Histologically, treatment reduced cyst number size, enhanced blood vessel, Graafian follicle, endometrial morphologies. showed dose-dependent effects, high-dose demonstrating superior biochemical parameters, low-dose most promising exhibits potent against surpassing several aspects. acts through multi-mechanistic action, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, metabolic, hormone-balancing properties, its positive impact fertility, suggesting that could be natural alternative management.

Language: Английский

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A ketogenic diet regulates microglial activation to treat drug addiction

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Drug addiction is a chronic and potentially deadly disease that considered global health problem describes the alteration of brain function by psychostimulant drugs through changes in reward system. However, there still no ideal strategy for management drug addiction. Previous studies have suggested microglia are involved events associated with neuroplasticity memory, which also related to Many shown psychoactive substances may act directly on immune cells, altering their inducing production various inflammatory mediators. In recent years, ketogenic diet (KD) was therapeutic benefits as dietary therapy variety neurological disorders. With respect addiction, KD can alleviate glucose metabolism disorders caused alcohol use increasing ketone metabolism, thereby reducing withdrawal symptoms. This finding indicates potential treatment since promote transition predominantly anti-inflammatory state several mechanisms. Here, we discuss research showing plays roles controlling microglia-mediated inflammation, opening new avenues treat succinct analysis offers evidence enormous inhibition microglial activation.

Language: Английский

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Regulating Itgb1 to Restore GnRH-Tanycyte Unit Function in PCOS-Related Hypothalamic Dysregulation

Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Excessive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is considered to be an initiating factor in the etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). GnRH neuronal axons terminate at hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and median eminence, where tanycytes, specialized glial cells, have been proposed modulate secretion through plasticity. However, precise role “GnRH-tanycyte unit” during pathological state PCOS has not thoroughly explored. In this study, we demonstrated architecture distribution neurons tanycytes. PCOS-like mice, retracted tanycyte processes dysregulated GnRH-tanycyte unit may create environment conducive excessive subsequent reproductive endocrine dysfunction. Mechanistically, androgens impair neuroglial homeostasis by acting androgen receptor (AR) its downstream target integrin β1 (Itgb1), thereby suppressing FAK/TGF-βR1/Smad2 signaling pathway. Both selective deletion AR overexpression Itgb1 tanycytes counteracted detrimental effects androgens, alleviating Collectively, study highlights alterations mediated androgen/AR/Itgb1 provides a novel perspective for developing therapies disorders maintaining solid structures brain.

Language: Английский

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Introduction to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Nutritional Challenges

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Gengnianchun formula ameliorates insulin resistance-induced diminished ovarian reserve via the estrogen signaling pathway: evidence from network pharmacology and experimental validation

Journal of Ovarian Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: March 11, 2025

Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), a major cause of female infertility, is closely linked to insulin resistance (IR). Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) approaches, such as the Gengnianchun (GNC) formula, focus on restoring function by improving IR and regulating hormonal balance. Despite GNC's demonstrated efficacy, its precise therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims elucidate which GNC ameliorates IR-induced DOR through comprehensive pharmacological experimental validation. The combined Liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (LC-MS), ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-TOF-MS/MS), network pharmacology, molecular docking identify active components key targets GNC. Functional enrichment analyses (GO KEGG) studies were performed. A high-fat diet-induced mouse model IR-DOR was established, followed treatment at varying doses. Therapeutic effects evaluated via qRT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, histological analysis. contains 219 ingredients targeting 53 genes associated with DOR. KEGG analysis revealed estrogen signaling pathway mechanism. High-dose significantly improved increasing AKT1, ESR1, ESR2 expression, confirmed blot immunofluorescence These findings indicate that enhances sensitivity, promotes follicular development, restores function. demonstrates for first time alleviates modulating activating targets. results provide foundation clinical research development novel strategies Not applicable

Language: Английский

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Temporal trends in the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in China from 1990 to 2021, and projections until 2036: a comparison with Japan, Asia, and global level

Published: April 3, 2025

Background:The burden of polycystic ovary syndrome is increasing worldwide, which places a heavy on society and healthcare systems. This study investigates the independent effects age, period, cohort prevalence from 1990 to 2021 in China, Japan, Asia World. And then predicts future over next decade. Method: The data were collected Global Burden Disease (GBD) study, average annual percent change (AAPC) relative risks (RRs) analyzed by joinpoint regression APC-IE model. this employed BAPC model predict disease burdens China Japan. Results: In 2021, there 533.533*104 (95%CI:376.054*104, 750.101*104) cases PCOS accounting for 28.69% all 14.56% globally. The ASPR increased with an AAPC 2.01 (95%CI: 1.99,2.03), was significantly higher than that Japan (0.21; 95%CI: 0.20,0.22), (1.30; 1.28,1.31) global (0.81; 0.80,0.82)). age-period-cohort analyses revealed risk (RR) peaking at 20–24 years Chinese women (RR = 1.591) (RR=1.64). showed slight increase 35-39 age group (RR=1.583). period effect consistent upward trend Asia, experienced most substantial 1992-1996 (RR=0.701) 2017-2021 (RR=1.271). demonstrated declining across regions, but incline 2002-2006 2007-2011 birth cohort. By 2036, projected 27% reaching 1961.45/100,000. Conclusions:The has past three decades. high among 20-25 old. new are more likely develop syndrome. It imperative government standardize diagnosis treatment provide health education women.

Language: Английский

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