Relationship between urinary tract infections and serum vitamin D level in adults and children- a literature review

Molecular Biology Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(1)

Published: Sept. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Scientific Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection in the Past 10 Years

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(2), P. 229 - 240

Published: April 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Bioactive Compounds as Alternative Approaches for Preventing Urinary Tract Infections in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 144 - 144

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial worldwide. They occur in urinary system when a microorganism, commonly present on perineal skin or rectum, reaches bladder through urethra, and adheres to luminal surface of uroepithelial cells, forming biofilms. The treatment UTIs includes antibiotics, but their indiscriminate use has favored development multidrug-resistant bacteria strains, which represent serious challenge today’s microbiology. pathogenesis infection antibiotic resistance synergistically contribute hindering eradication disease while favoring establishment persistent infections. repeated requirement for limited therapeutic options have further contributed increase occurrence potential relapses by failure. To limit antimicrobial broaden choice non-antibiotic preventive approaches, this review reports studies focused bacteriostatic/bactericidal activity, inhibition adhesion quorum sensing, restoration integrity immune response molecules, vitamins, compounds obtained from plants. date, different supplementations recommended European Association Urology management as an alternative approach treatment, variety bioactive under investigation, mostly at level vitro preclinical studies. Although evidence is promising, they far being included clinical practice UTIs.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D Deficiency Meets Hill’s Criteria for Causation in SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility, Complications, and Mortality: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 599 - 599

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Clinical trials consistently demonstrate an inverse correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D; calcifediol] levels and the risk of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 disease, complications, mortality. This systematic review (SR), guided by Bradford Hill’s causality criteria, analyzed 294 peer-reviewed manuscripts published December 2019 November 2024, focusing on plausibility, consistency, biological gradient. Evidence confirms that cholecalciferol (D3) calcifediol significantly reduce hospitalizations, mortality, with optimal effects above 50 ng/mL. While vitamin requires 3–4 days to act, shows within 24 h. Among 329 trials, only 11 (3%) showed no benefit due flawed designs. At USD 2/patient, D3 supplementation is far cheaper than hospitalization costs more effective standard interventions. SR establishes a strong relationship 25(OH)D vulnerability, meeting criteria. Vitamin infections, deaths ~50%, outperforming all patented, FDA-approved COVID-19 therapies. With over 300 confirming these findings, waiting for further studies unnecessary before incorporating them into clinical protocols. Health agencies scientific societies must recognize significance results incorporate prophylaxis early treatment protocols similar viral infections. Promoting safe sun exposure adequate communities maintain 40 ng/mL (therapeutic range: 40–80 ng/mL) strengthens immune systems, reduces hospitalizations deaths, lowers healthcare costs. When exceed 70 ng/mL, taking K2 (100 µg/day or 800 µg/week) alongside helps direct any excess calcium bones. The recommended dosage (approximately IU/kg body weight non-obese adult) 50–100 cost-effective disease prevention, ensuring health outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D: What We Know and What We Still Do Not Know About Vitamin D in Preterm Infants—A Literature Review

Children, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 392 - 392

Published: March 20, 2025

Background/Objectives: Preterm infants represent a population group at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and its negative impact on various outcomes like metabolic bone disease or rickets, respiratory complications distress syndrome the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy prematurity. Methods: Despite growing interest in research, there is still uncertainty regarding clear recommendations each high-risk category premature concerning optimal dosage, product, timing initiating supplementation to prevent VDD. Results: An analysis literature suggests that early intervention enteral not only successful achieving higher 25-hydroxi-vitamin (25(OH)D) one month but also linked with improved outcomes. Conclusions: The traditional concepts current assessing status need be revised. Since parenteral nutrition, fortified mothers’ own milk, special formula preterm cannot provide adequate levels, oral soon after birth essential correct VDD infants.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Vitamins in Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection: Mechanisms and Integrative Strategies

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 566 - 566

Published: April 11, 2025

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most frequent bacterial in children, representing a significant cause of morbidity with potential long-term complications, including renal scarring and chronic kidney disease. This review explores multifaceted roles vitamins A, D, E, C prevention management pediatric UTI. Vitamin A supports mucosal barrier integrity immune modulation, reducing pathogen adhesion colonization. exhibits antioxidant antimicrobial properties, acidifying urine to inhibit growth enhancing efficacy antibiotics. D strengthens innate immunity by promoting peptide production, such as cathelicidins, improves epithelial function, while vitamin E mitigates oxidative stress, inflammation tissue damage. The interplay between response, nutritional factors is emphasized, highlighting these restore balance prevent injury. Complementary strategies, probiotics phytotherapeutic agents, further enhance therapeutic outcomes addressing microbiome diversity providing additional effects. While approaches show promise mitigating UTI recurrence dependence on antibiotics, evidence gaps remain regarding optimal dosing, outcomes, their integration into care. By adopting holistic approach incorporating supplementation conventional therapies, clinicians can achieve improved clinical support antibiotic stewardship, reduce risk complications children

Language: Английский

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Nonantibiotic prophylaxis for urinary tract infections: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Interplay—Vitamin D and ACE-2 Molecular Interactions in Mitigating Complications and Deaths from SARS-CoV-2

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 831 - 831

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

The interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors in epithelial cells facilitates viral entry into human cells. Despite this, ACE-2 exerts significant protective effects against coronaviruses by neutralizing viruses circulation and mitigating inflammation. While reduces expression, vitamin D increases it, counteracting virus's harmful effects. Vitamin D's beneficial actions are mediated through complex molecular mechanisms involving innate adaptive immune systems. Meanwhile, status [25(OH)D concentration] is inversely correlated severity, complications, mortality rates from COVID-19. This study explores which inhibits replication, including suppression transcription enzymes, reduced inflammation oxidative stress, increased expression antibodies antimicrobial peptides. Both hypovitaminosis elevate renin levels, rate-limiting step renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS); it ACE-1 but expression. imbalance leads to elevated levels pro-inflammatory, pro-coagulatory, vasoconstricting peptide angiotensin-II (Ang-II), leading widespread It also causes membrane permeability, allowing fluid infiltrate soft tissues, lungs, vascular system. In contrast, sufficient suppress reducing RAS activity, lowering ACE-1, increasing levels. cleaves Ang-II generate Ang

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D and Its Analogues in Immune System Regulation

Pharmacological Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 77(2), P. 100032 - 100032

Published: Dec. 24, 2024

Vitamin D was discovered as the cure for nutritional rickets, a disease of bone growth arising from inadequate intestinal calcium absorption, and much 20th century, it studied its critical role in homeostasis. However, we now recognize that vitamin receptor metabolic enzymes are expressed numerous tissues unrelated to Notably, signaling can induce cellular differentiation cell cycle arrest. Moreover, enzyme CYP27B1, which produces hormonal form D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin (1,25D), throughout immune system. In addition, CYP27B1 expression cells is regulated by physiological inputs independent those controlling homeostatic tissues. These observations have driven development 1,25D-like secosteroidal analogs nonsecosteroidal separate effects on function calcemic activities. some these had considerable success clinic treatment inflammatory immune-related disorders. this review, described detail mechanisms signals 1,25D synthesis catabolism, with focus We also surveyed regulation system their implications human Finally, potential anticancer therapeutics, particular, use adjuncts cancer immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: active both innate adaptive arms Numerous analogs, developed primarily minimize dose-limiting hypercalcemia been used widely preclinical clinical studies regulation. This review presents description action signaling, an overview analog development, in-depth discussion immunoregulatory roles analogs.

Language: Английский

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Strategies to build stronger bones in Indian children: Challenges for implementation

The Indian Journal of Medical Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 315 - 321

Published: July 19, 2024

Background & objectives Globally, vitamin D deficiency has been incriminated in poor bone health and growth retardation children, impaired adult musculoskeletal (classically described), increased risk of cardiovascular events, immune dysfunction, neurologic disorders, insulin resistance its multiple sequelae, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) certain cancers. This review intends to holistically highlight the burden among children India, public importance, potential therapeutic preventive options, utilizing concept implementation research. Methods A systematic search was carried out on PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) Cochrane database, clinicaltrials.gov, Google Scholar, ctri.nic.in with keywords or MeSH terms namely 'vitamin D', 'cholecalciferol', 'ergocalciferol', 'children', connected appropriate boolean operators. Results Vitamin deficiency/insufficiency prevalence varies from 70-90 per cent Indian children. Rickets, stunting, mineral health, dental are common problems these Serum 25-hydroxy (25(OH)D) should be maintained >20 ng/ml Oral supplementation a high window (1200-10,000 IU/d well tolerated). Fortification grains, cereal, milk, bread, fruit juice, yogurt, cheese tried different countries across globe. From perspective, fortification food items which is virtually used by everyone would ideal like fortified milk cooking oil. "laddus" made "Bengal gram" as part mid-day meal programme for can an option. Interpretation conclusions There enough evidence India suggest importance utility address epidemic

Language: Английский

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