Fatty acids and their metabolites (resolvins) are altered in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

Food & Function, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 3023 - 3035

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The maternal fatty acid status plays a key role in influencing pregnancy outcomes. Omega-3 acids are the precursors for E-series (RvE) and D-series resolvins (RvD) possess anti-inflammatory properties. Pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) associated with excess inflammation. This study reports levels of across gestation GDM non-GDM women, placental acids, their association status. Pregnant women were recruited at 11-14 (V1) weeks followed 18-22 (V2) 26-28 (V3) delivery (V4). A total 209 who diagnosed as 207 included this study. Fatty estimated using gas chromatography. protein (RvE1, RvE2, RvD1 RvD2) measured ELISA kits. Total PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic (EPA), omega-6 linoleic (LA) arachidonic (AA) lower, while saturated (SFA) alpha-linolenic (ALA) higher weeks. Placental AA was lower (p < 0.05) GDM. RvE1, RvD2 0.001 all) group. delta 5 desaturase index positively associated, erythrocyte omega-3 negatively RvE2 LA ALA 0.05, both), respectively. Our findings suggest that influences pro-resolving mediators which may lead to increased inflammation

Language: Английский

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Integration of lipidomics with targeted, single cell, and spatial transcriptomics defines an unresolved pro-inflammatory state in colon cancer

Gut, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. gutjnl - 332535

Published: Dec. 10, 2024

Over a century ago, Virchow proposed that cancer represents chronically inflamed, poorly healing wound. Normal wound is represented by transitory phase of inflammation, followed pro-resolution phase, with prostaglandin (PGE2/PGD2)-induced 'lipid class switching' producing inflammation-quenching lipoxins (LXA4, LXB4).

Language: Английский

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Effects of glycyrrhiza polysaccharides on growth performance, meat quality, serum parameters and growth/meat quality-related gene expression in broilers

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

With growing restrictions on the use of antibiotics in animal feed, plant extracts are increasingly favored as natural feed additive sources. Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GP), known for its multifaceted biological benefits including growth promotion, immune enhancement, and antioxidative properties, has been focus recent studies. Yet, effects mechanisms GP broiler meat quality remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed investigate growth, serum biochemistry, quality, gene expression broilers. The broilers were divided into five groups, each consisting replicates with six birds. These groups supplemented 0, 500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000 mg/kg their basal diets, respectively, a period 42 days. results indicated that from day 22 42, throughout entire experimental 1 receiving 1,000 1,500 showed significant reduction feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) compared control group. On an increase hormone (GH) levels was shown or higher, along linear insulin-like factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration. Additionally, upregulation GH IGF-1 mRNA noted groups. Furthermore, significantly elevated concentrations alkaline phosphatase (AKP) globulin (GLB) while reducing blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. In terms increased fiber density pectoral muscles reduced thiobarbituric acid (TBA) content. also decreased cooking loss rate both leg drip muscles. It linoleic oleic acid, decreasing stearic myristic docosahexaenoic acid. Finally, demonstrated group enhanced myogenin ( MyoG ) myogenic differentiation MyoD Overall, determined optimal dosage is mg/kg.

Language: Английский

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Relevant Aspects of Combined Protocols for Prevention of N(M)AFLD and Other Non‐Communicable Diseases

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 68(7)

Published: March 20, 2024

Abstract Obesity is a global health issue characterized by the excessive fat accumulation, leading to an increased risk of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which can progress from simple steatosis steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, there are no approved pharmacological protocols for prevention/treatment MAFLD, due complexity lying beneath these mechanisms, monotherapies unlikely be efficacious. This review article analyzes possibility that NCDs prevented or attenuated combination bioactive substances, as they could promote higher response rates, maximum reaction results, additive synergistic effects compounds having similar different mechanisms action and/or refraining possible side effects, related use lower doses exposures times than monotherapies. Accordingly, prevention mouse MAFLD observed with omega‐3 docosahexaenoic acid antioxidant hydroxytyrosol, whereas attenuation mild cognitive impairment attained folic plus cobalamin in elderly patients. The existence several drawbacks underlying published combined trials, opens space adequate stricter experimental clinical tryouts achieve meaningful outcomes human applicability.

Language: Английский

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Comparative lipid profiling reveals the differential response of distinct lipid subclasses in blast and blunt-induced mild traumatic brain injury

Experimental Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 385, P. 115141 - 115141

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for Conversion of Waste Cooking Oil into Omega-3 Eicosapentaenoic Acid

ACS Engineering Au, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 128 - 139

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5), are crucial dietary fats known for their numerous health benefits. However, traditional sources of EPA, like fish oil, raise sustainability and environmental concerns, underscoring the need alternative production methods. The engineered oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has emerged as a promising candidate sustainable EPA. This study explores efficient EPA with an earlier engineeredY. strain Y8412, utilizing waste cooking oil (WCO) carbon source. While cofeeding WCO resulted in increased total lipid content, it also caused increase intracellular free (FFA) levels, which can be toxic to cells reduce synthesis. To solve this issue, we first overexpressed FAA1 GPD1 genes converting excess FFAs into triglycerides (TAGs). Additionally, knocked out TGL3/4 genes, encode lipases linked bodies, minimize degradation TAGs back FFAs. modified strains significantly reduced FFA levels improved production. Notably, TGL4 knockout Y8412T4– showed 57% titer nearly 50% conversion yield compared parental Y8412 fed glucose only. These findings suggest that preventing TAG by knocking is effective approach enhanced when used partially replace offers engineering strategy low-cost, high-yield, omega-3 from feedstocks.

Language: Английский

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Peony Seed Oil Inhibited Neuroinflammation by PPAR/RXR Signaling Pathway in D‐Gal Induced Mice

Food Science & Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Essential fatty acids could regulate inflammation, especially n-3 PUFA (n-3 polyunsaturated acids), which are considered to have a protective effect inhibit neuroinflammation. Peony seed oil is one of the most abundant PUFAs in oils. but mechanism peony affecting inflammation mice brains still lacking convincing evidence. Sixty male C57BL/6J were randomly allocated into four groups: D-gal (D-galactose) induced model group, FO (D-gal + fish oil), PSO oil). After 10 weeks, acid composition liver and brain tissues potentially related genes examined. Docosahexaenoic (DHA) was significantly higher, while arachidonic (AA) lower both groups than that group liver. In groups, relative mRNA levels Fads1/2, Elovl2, Acaa1a up-regulated, Acox1 Acox3 down-regulated compared group. protein PPARG, RXRA, IL-10 expressions AGERs, TNF-α, PLA2, PGF2α The phosphorylation-tau total tau ratio oil, rich PUFA, inhibited neuroinflammation rescued disruption alternative splicing Mapt gene by activating PPAR/RXR signaling pathway promoting n-3/n-6 biosynthesis.

Language: Английский

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Positional distribution of DHA in triacylglycerols: natural sources, synthetic routes, and nutritional properties

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 19

Published: March 20, 2025

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) is a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty (PUFA) present in high quantities the mammalian brain and precursor of several metabolites. Clinical trials have demonstrated benefits dietary DHA infants adults. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are most abundant components many natural oils, specific oils (e.g., fish, algal etc.), they represent main molecular form DHA. The positional distribution TAG glycerol backbone (sn-2 vs. sn-1/3) varied among different sources. Recent studies shown that human breast milk, mainly esterified at sn-2 position (∼50% total DHA), thus attracting research interest regarding nutritional properties In this review, we summarize sources with amounts DHA, including algae, marine mammal focus on their distribution. Methods for analyzing acids high-PUFA discussed, lipase-catalyzed synthetic routes triacylglycerols summarized. Furthermore, discuss recent progress associated its TAGs.

Language: Английский

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Association between red blood cell fatty acids composition and risk of esophageal cancer: a hospital-based case-control study

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: March 20, 2025

& aims: Esophageal cancer (EC) is a tumor type with high invasiveness and poor prognosis, attracting scientists' attention to its pathogenesis etiology. Given the limited evidence conflicting findings regarding association between EC risk RBC fatty acids, we aimed evaluate this association. The study utilized gas chromatography analyze acids in 158 patients 224 controls. Multivariable conditional logistic regression restricted cubic spline analysis were employed assess as well determine odds ratio 95% confidence interval (OR, CI) for Higher levels of total n-3 polyunsaturated (n-3 PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), index associated lower being an case [ORT3−T1 = 0.22 (0.12–0.41), ORT3−T1 0.29 (0.15–0.54), 0.49 (0.27–0.88), 0.19 (0.09–0.35), respectively]. Total saturated (SFA), particularly palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), arachidonic (C20:4n-6) concentrations, higher [ORT1−T3 2.02 (1.11–3.70), ORT1−T3 2.10 (1.15–3.87), 2.82 (1.53–5.30), 2.07 (1.12–3.86), monounsaturated (MUFA) trans (TFA) showed no significant status. different types may significantly influence susceptibility EC. PUFA RBC, specifically DHA EPA, case, while C20:4n-6, C18:0, C16:0 odds.

Language: Английский

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Microalgae as an emerging alternative raw material of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid – a review

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 20

Published: April 6, 2025

Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been widely applied due to their nutraceutical and healthcare benefits. With the rising rates of chronic diseases, there is a growing consumer interest demand for sustainable dietary sources n-3 PUFAs. Currently, microalgae emerged as source PUFAs which are rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) eicosapentaenoic (EPA), regarded promising alternatives conventional (seafood) that cannot meet demands natural food supplements. This review provides comprehensive overview recent advancements strategies such genetic engineering, mutagenesis, improving photosynthetic efficiency, nutritional or environmental factors, cultivation approaches improve DHA EPA production efficiency cells. Additionally, it explains application EPA-rich animal feed, human nutrition- snacks, supplements avoid malnutrition non-communicable diseases.

Language: Английский

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