Physiology of Vitamin D—Focusing on Disease Prevention

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1666 - 1666

Published: May 29, 2024

Vitamin D is a crucial micronutrient, critical to human health, and influences many physiological processes. Oral skin-derived vitamin hydroxylated form calcifediol (25(OH)D) in the liver, then 1,25(OH)2D (calcitriol) kidney. Alongside parathyroid hormone, calcitriol regulates neuro-musculoskeletal activities by tightly controlling blood-ionized calcium concentrations through intestinal absorption, renal tubular reabsorption, skeletal mineralization. Beyond its classical roles, evidence underscores impact of on prevention reduction severity diverse conditions such as cardiovascular metabolic diseases, autoimmune disorders, infection, cancer. Peripheral target cells, like immune obtain 25(OH)D concentration-dependent diffusion from circulation. Calcitriol synthesized intracellularly these cells precursors, which for their protective actions. Its deficiency exacerbates inflammation, oxidative stress, increased susceptibility disorders infections; also causes premature deaths. Thus, maintaining optimal serum levels above 40 ng/mL vital health disease prevention. However, achieving it requires several times more than government’s recommended doses. Despite extensive published research, daily intake therapeutic have lagged are outdated, preventing people benefiting. Evidence suggests that with range 40–80 population reducing morbidities mortality without adverse effects. The recommendation individuals maintain 50 (125 nmol/L) clinical outcomes. Insights metabolomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics offer promise better outcomes sufficiency. Given broader positive minimal cost little effects, proactively integrating assessment supplementation into practice promises significant benefits, including reduced healthcare costs. This review recent novel findings related physiology implications

Language: Английский

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Impact of Vitamin D on Skin Aging, and Age-Related Dermatological Conditions

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Human skin is a physical and biochemical barrier that protects the internal body from external environment. Throughout person’s life, undergoes both intrinsic extrinsic aging, leading to microscopic macroscopic changes in its morphology. In addition, repair processes slow with making older population more susceptible diseases. Intrinsic factors associated advanced age gradually degrade dermal collagen matrix, resulting fine wrinkles reduced elasticity; this accelerated post-menopausal women due estrogen deficiency. contrast, age, primarily caused by exposure ultraviolet (UV) radiation, lead coarse wrinkles, solar elastosis, hyperkeratosis, irregular pigmentation, cancers. UVB while contributing photo-aging, also induces cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D. Vitamin D, turn, oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, thereby delaying chronological photo-aging. Moreover, research has demonstrated an association between lower D levels higher prevalence certain This review explores summarizes critical role aging age-related The data presented highlight importance maintaining adequacy throughout life.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing the Design of Nutrient Clinical Trials for Disease Prevention—A Focus on Vitamin D: A Systematic Review

Nutrition Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

This systematic review (SR) highlights principles for nutrient clinical trials and explore the diverse physiological functions of vitamin D beyond its traditional role in musculoskeletal system related to study designs. Thousands published research articles have investigated benefits (a example taken this SR) system, including immune, pulmonary, cardiovascular systems; pregnancy; autoimmune disorders; cancer. They illustrated D's molecular mechanisms, interactions, genomic nongenomic actions. SR was designed identify shortcomings designs, statistical methods, data interpretation that led inconsistent findings D-related publications. also examples insights into avoiding design errors future studies, randomized controlled (RCTs). The adheres latest PRISMA statement, guidelines, PICOS process. Inappropriate or flawed designs were frequent trials. Major failures discussed here include too short duration, inadequate infrequent doses, insufficient power, failure measure baseline achieved levels, recruiting D-sufficient participants. These misleading interpretations. Thus, conclusions from such studies should not be generalized used recommendations, policymaking. Adequately powered epidemiological RCTs with sufficient duration individuals deficiency reported favorable outcomes, enriching literature, enabling understand physiology mechanisms. Proper rigorous methodologies cautious outcomes are crucial advancing field. apply only D, but other micro-nutrients nutraceutical research. Adhering them enhances credibility reliability trials, SRs, meta-analysis outcomes. emphasizes importance focused, hypothesis-driven, well-designed, statistically nutrients, conducted index deficient participants, avoidance errors. Findings incorporated practice, policymaking, public health improving nation reducing healthcare costs.

Language: Английский

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Gender Differences in the Interplay between Vitamin D and Microbiota in Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1023 - 1023

Published: May 7, 2024

The synergic role of vitamin D and the intestinal microbiota in regulation immune system has been thoroughly described literature. Vitamin deficiency dysbiosis have shown a pathogenetic development numerous immune-mediated allergic diseases. physiological processes underlying aging sex proven to be capable having negative influence both on values biodiversity microbiome. This leads global increase levels systemic inflammatory markers, with potential implications for all diseases conditions. Our review aims collect analyze relationship between microbiome associated it, emphasizing effect mediated by sexual hormones aging.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in the Use of Vitamin D Organic Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1090 - 1090

Published: Aug. 30, 2024

Nanotechnology, now established as a transformative technology, has revolutionized medicine by enabling highly targeted drug delivery. The use of organic nanocarriers in delivery systems significantly enhances the bioavailability vitamins and their analogs, thereby improving cellular therapeutic effects. Vitamin D, known for its crucial role bone health, also influences various metabolic functions, such proliferation, differentiation, immunomodulation, is increasingly explored anticancer potential. Given versatile properties biocompatibility, vitamin D an attractive candidate encapsulation within systems. This review provides comprehensive overview synthesis, metabolism, signaling, well applications customized Moreover, it examines design engineering that incorporate discusses advances this field, including synergistic effects achieved through combination with other agents. By highlighting these innovations, valuable insights into development advanced potential to enhance outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 503 - 503

Published: March 13, 2024

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is characterized by the proliferation of malignant T cells in inflamed skin lesions. Mycosis fungoides (MF)—the most common variant CTCL—often presents with lesions around abdomen and buttocks (“bathing suit” distribution), i.e., areas devoid sun-induced vitamin D. For decades, sunlight D have been connected to CTCL. Thus, induces apoptosis inhibits expression cytokines cells. Furthermore, CTCL patients often display deficiency, whereas phototherapy has beneficial effects CTCL, suggesting that light beneficial/protective Inversely, promotes helper 2 (Th2) cell specific cytokine production, regulatory cells, tolerogenic dendritic as well immune checkpoint molecules, all which may disease-promoting stimulating inhibiting anticancer immunity. Studies on treatment showed conflicting results. Some studies found positive effects, others negative while largest study no apparent clinical effect. Taken together, both pro- The balance between opposing likely influenced change during disease course. Therefore, it remains be discovered whether how effect can tilted toward an response

Language: Английский

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Integrating Endocrine, Genomic, and Extra-Skeletal Benefits of Vitamin D into National and Regional Clinical Guidelines

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(22), P. 3969 - 3969

Published: Nov. 20, 2024

Vitamin D is essential for bone health, immune function, and overall well-being. Numerous ecological, observational, prospective studies, including randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), report an inverse association between higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D; calcifediol] levels in various conditions, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders such as diabetes obesity, susceptibility to infection-related complications, autoimmune diseases, all-cause mortality.

Language: Английский

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The Potential Use of Vitamin D3 and Phytochemicals for Their Anti-Ageing Effects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2125 - 2125

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Unlike other vitamins, vitamin D3 is synthesised in skin cells the body. Vitamin has been known as a bone-related hormone. Recently, however, it considered an immune vitamin. deficiency influences onset of variety diseases. regulates production proinflammatory cytokines such tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) through binding to D receptors (VDRs) cells. Since blood levels (25-OH-D3) were low coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, there growing interest importance maintaining healthy condition. On hand, phytochemicals are compounds derived from plants with over 7000 varieties and have various biological activities. They mainly health-promoting effects classified terpenoids, carotenoids, flavonoids, etc. Flavonoids anti-inflammatory that control TNF-α production. Chronic inflammation induced by continuous fundamental cause diseases like obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, heart brain diseases, autoimmune Alzheimer's disease, cancer. In addition, ageing process chronic inflammation. This review explains cooperative suppression inflammatory responses, how balances natural response, its link anti-ageing effects. synergistically contribute working ageing-related genes. Furthermore, prevention processes requires maintenance gut microbiota, which related daily dietary habits. this regard, supplementation plays important role. association non-disease condition called "ME-BYO" attractive regimen, effect discussed here for long life.

Language: Английский

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Decoding the paradox: Understanding Elevated Hospitalization and Reduced Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Variants

International Journal of Frontiers in Science and Technology Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 001 - 020

Published: April 6, 2024

Introduction and aim: SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks occur cyclically, aligning with winter when vitamin D levels are lowest, except after new variant outbreaks. Adequate is crucial for robust immune function. Hypovitaminosis diminishes responses, increasing susceptibility to viral infections. The manuscript explores the discrepancy between increased hospitalizations lower mortality. Method​: mutants, including Delta, BQ, XBB Omicron lineages, developed evasion capabilities, reducing effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines bivalent boosters. failure prevent infections spread others, coupled exhibited by mutant viruses, contributed continued Interestingly, dominant despite their transmissibility, have caused fewer deaths. This article scrutinizes mentioned incongruity through an analysis published data. Results: Achieving herd immunity eradicating has proven elusive due ongoing mutagenesis evasion, leading recurrent approve repurposed early therapies regulators, as well misinformation weak strategies undertaken health authorities, exacerbated situation. Repurposed agents, ivermectin, demonstrated high efficacy against from beginning, remain unaffected mutations. Despite cost-effectiveness widespread availability, regulatory approval these generic agents in treatment pending. Conclusion: Regulators hesitated cost-effective, primarily safeguard temporary status anti-viral under Emergency Use Authorization, which persists. reluctance overlooked opportunity implement integrated approach alongside vaccines, potentially fatalities preventing outbreaks; this led eradicate becoming endemic. It imperative that regulators now reconsider approving affordable generics effectively control future Non-technical Importance (Lay Abstract) significantly bolster human system—deficiency compromises responses increases susceptibility, particularly viruses. While mutations like less severe, they more infectious adept at evading vaccines; thus, offer a limited spectrum protection duration. Primary reduced disease severity but failed spread, contributing Booster doses had little effect on virus paresis, thus should consider generic, ivermectin adjunct address challenge better prepare pandemics. Proactively integrating supplementation fortify system can mitigate vital outbreaks, alleviate hospital burdens, reduce healthcare costs.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking insights: Navigating COVID-19 challenges and Emulating future pandemic Resilience strategies with strengthening natural immunity

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(15), P. e34691 - e34691

Published: July 18, 2024

The original COVID-19 vaccines, developed against SARS-CoV-2, initially mitigated hospitalizations. Bivalent vaccine boosters were used widely during 2022-23, but the outbreaks persisted. Despite this, hospitalizations, mortality, and involving dominant mutants like Alpha Delta increased winters when population's vitamin D levels at their lowest. Notably, 75 % of human immune cell/system functions, including post-vaccination adaptive immunity, rely on adequate circulatory levels. Consequently, hypovitaminosis compromises innate responses, heightening susceptibility to infections complications. vaccines primarily target SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins, thus offering only a limited protection through antibodies. mRNA such as those for COVID-19, fail generate secretory/mucosal immunity-like IgG rendering them ineffective in halting viral spread. Additionally, mutations binding domain reduce recognition by vaccine-derived antibodies, leading evasion mutant viruses Omicron variants. Meanwhile, repeated administration bivalent intended enhance efficacy resulted immunoparesis recipients. As result, relying solely outbreak prevention, it became less effective. Dominant variants exhibit affinity angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor-2, enhancing infectivity reducing virulence. spike protein-related do not impact potency available, repurposed early therapies, ivermectin. With re-emergence impending coronaviral pandemics, regulators health organizations should proactively consider approval strategic use cost-effective adjunct therapies mentioned above counter loss emerging novel coronaviruses eliminate vaccine- anti-viral agents-related serious adverse effects. Timely implementation these strategies could morbidity, healthcare costs provide rational approach address future epidemics pandemics. This perspective critically reviews relevant literature, providing insights, justifications, viewpoints into how scientific community authorities can leverage this knowledge cost-effectively.

Language: Английский

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