bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 9, 2024
Abstract
This
study
aims
to
optimize
the
metagenomic
detection
methodology
of
human
breast
milk
microbiome
and
analyze
its
composition.
Twenty-two
samples
were
collected
from
left
right
sides
lactating
women
during
re-examinations
at
Haidian
Maternal
Child
Health
Hospital,
Beijing.
Microbial
cell
wall
disruption
parameters
optimized,
a
nucleic
acid
extraction
method
was
developed
construct
microbial
DNA/RNA
library.
Metagenomic
next-generation
sequencing
(mNGS)
performed,
composition
analyzed
using
k-
mer
Lowest
Common
Ancestor
(LCA)
with
self-generated
database
constructed
via
Kraken2
software.
Data
showed
Q20
>
95%
Q30
90%,
an
average
total
data
volume
5,567
±
376.6
Mb
non-human
sequence
445.1
63.75
Mb,
significantly
enhancing
efficiency.
The
included
21
phyla,
234
genera,
487
species,
Firmicutes
Proteobacteria
as
dominant
phyla.
Predominant
genera
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
,
major
species
aureus
bradystis
epidermidis
.
Species
levels
exhibited
significant
variations
among
different
individuals.
profiles
left-
right-sided
consistent
phylum,
genus,
levels.
In
addition
common
bacteria,
diverse
viral,
eukaryotic,
archaeal
sequences
detected.
refined
methods
for
microbiota.
Specific
flora
colonization
occurred
in
healthy
milk,
exhibiting
both
correlations
distinct
environments.
Importance
Breast
is
vital
source
nutrition
immunity
infants,
playing
critical
role
shaping
neonatal
gut
supporting
early
development.
However,
technical
challenges
detecting
microorganisms
milk’s
complex,
lipid-rich
environment
have
limited
understanding
diversity
function
these
communities.
optimized
communities
mothers,
identifying
wide
array
viruses,
eukaryotes,
archaea.
Key
bacterial
such
predominant,
specific
inter-individual
variability.
Additionally,
revealed
yet
correlated
environments
breasts.
These
findings
advance
microbiota
provide
foundation
exploring
implications
maternal
infant
health.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: April 4, 2025
Background
Zika
virus
(ZIKV)
is
an
emerging
flavivirus
that
may
cause
innate
microcephaly
or
neurological
disturbances.
Yet
no
antiviral
has
been
approved
by
FDA
against
ZIKV
infection.
It
was
shown
some
unsaturated
fatty
acids
could
inactivate
enveloped
viruses
including
SARS-CoV-2.
However,
studies
investigating
the
effect
of
eicosapentaenoic
acid
(EPA)
on
infection
are
lacking.
This
study
aims
to
evaluate
EPA
and
other
viruses.
Methods
We
first
explored
toxicities
in
vitro
vivo
.
Then
we
examined
via
cell-based
immunodetection,
qRT-PCR,
Western
blotting,
so
on.
To
uncover
its
mechanism,
performed
assays
for
binding,
adsorption
entry,
time-of-addition.
RNase
digestion
NS2B-NS3
protease
inhibition
were
also
adopted.
Finally,
detected
effects
dengue
(DENV)-2,
herpes
simplex
(HSV)-1
influenza
A
MTT,
blotting
qRT-PCR
assays.
Results
found
inhibit
without
causing
cytotoxicities.
exhibited
activity
early
stages
life
cycle
quickly.
Mechanistic
experiments
showed
disrupted
membrane
integrity
viral
particles,
leading
release
RNA,
together
with
interruption
from
ultimately
proliferation.
Furthermore,
exerted
DENV-2,
HSV-1,
virus,
a
dose-dependent
manner.
Conclusion
These
findings
suggest
promising
broad-spectrum
drug
candidate.
Folia Biologica,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
71(1), P. 44 - 53
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Breast
milk,
as
the
optimal
food
for
infants
and
young
children,
contains
all
components
necessary
proper
growth
development.
It
is
a
rich
source
of
both
essential
nutrients
biologically
active
factors,
making
breast
milk
unique
with
scientifically
proven
health-promoting
properties.
Among
entire
range
microorganisms
prebiotic
in
form
oligosaccharides,
occupy
an
important
place.
The
aim
our
research
was
to
determine
occurrence
bacteria
probiotic
potential,
belonging
Lactobacillaceae
family,
environment
oligosaccharides.
study
included
63
human
samples
from
breastfeeding
women
at
various
stages
lactation.
Microorganism
identification
based
on
culture
tests
MALDI
TOF/MS,
macronutrient
analysis
using
MIRIS
analyser,
well
oligosaccharides
ultra-high-performance
liquid
chromatography
coupled
high-resolution
mass
spectrometry
were
performed.
results
have
shown
that
different
characterized
by
great
diversity
terms
presence
Lacto-bacillaceae
its
microbiological
composition.
These
present
22.2
%
tested
samples.
Analysis
oligosaccharide
profile
revealed
slightly
higher
content
factors
containing
Lactobacillaceae,
including
2'-fucosyllactose,
occurring
highest
amount
milk.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(16), P. 2705 - 2705
Published: Aug. 14, 2024
Promoting
optimal
nutrition
in
pregnant
and
lactating
women
is
crucial
for
maternal
infant
health.
This
study
evaluated
their
nutritional
status
dietary
habits,
assessing
macro
micronutrient
intake
based
on
recommendations.
A
descriptive
with
Spanish
participants
examined
social,
obstetric,
dietary,
anthropometric
data
using
quantitative
qualitative
methods.
The
analysis
of
fatty
acids
by
gas
chromatography
revealed
significant
variability,
notable
deviations
specific
like
C:10:0
C:12:0.
Despite
some
differences,
the
overall
composition
aligns
standards.
During
pregnancy,
53.8%
consumed
five
meals/day.
Grilling
(92.3%)
baking
(76.9%)
were
common.
Food
consumption
frequency
differed
from
Lactating
mothers'
mean
energy
was
2575.88
kcal/day
±
730.59
standard
deviation
(SD),
45%
carbohydrates
40%
lipids,
including
37.16
g
10.43
saturated
acids.
Diets
during
pregnancy
lacked
fruits,
vegetables,
legumes,
nuts,
cereals.
mothers
partially
met
objectives,
an
distribution
skewed
towards
lipids
deficiencies
calcium,
iodine,
vitamin
D,
E,
folic
acid.
proper
lactation
essential
to
safeguard
health
prevent
chronic
diseases.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(14), P. 2175 - 2175
Published: July 9, 2024
Milk
is
a
biological
fluid
with
dynamic
composition
of
micronutrients
and
bioactive
molecules
that
serves
as
vital
nutrient
source
for
infants.
affected
by
multiple
factors,
including
genetics,
geographical
location,
environmental
conditions,
lactation
phase,
maternal
nutrition,
plays
key
role
in
dictating
its
microbiome.
This
study
addresses
less-explored
aspect,
comparing
the
microbial
communities
human
breast
milk
those
mature
from
species
are
used
consumption.
Since
animal
supplement
both
infant
(formula)
child/adolescent,
our
main
aim
was
to
identify
shared
colostrum
milk.
Using
16S
rRNA
metagenomic
sequencing,
we
focused
on
characterizing
microbiota
Northern
Greek
population
identifying
across
samples
relative
abundance
prevalent
genera.
We
analyzed
ten
(from
five
mothers),
collected
three
days
postpartum
(colostrum)
thirty
forty
(mature
milk)
corresponding
mothers.
To
perform
an
interspecies
comparison
microbiota,
goat
bovine
local
dairy
industry,
fifty
seventy
after
birth.
Alpha
diversity
analysis
indicated
moderate
stability
milk,
high
richness
constrained
Beta
revealed
significant
distinctions
among
mammalian
species,
emphasizing
presence/absence
abundance-based
clustering.
Despite
noticeable
differences,
components
underscore
fundamental
aspects
all
highlighting
presence
core
predominantly
comprising
Proteobacteria,
Firmicutes,
Actinobacteriota
phyla.
At
genus
level,
Acinetobacter,
Gemella,
Sphingobium
exhibit
higher
compared
while
Pseudomonas
Atopostipes
more
Our
comparative
differences
commonalities
various
milks
unraveled
existence
common
thus
species-specific
conserved
human,
bovine,
The
microbiome
between
underscores
similarities
which
could
offer
valuable
implications
optimizing
nutritional
quality
safety
products
well
supplements
health.
Healthcare,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(17), P. 1744 - 1744
Published: Sept. 2, 2024
Background:
Breastfeeding
is
the
gold
standard
in
infant
nutrition.
Successful
breastfeeding
depends
on
many
factors,
including
help
of
medical
personnel
teaching
breastfeeding,
need
for
professional
work,
and
breastfeeding-friendly
places
public
spaces.
The
main
goal
was
to
identify
various
barriers
among
mothers
breastfeeding.
Methods:
This
study
used
a
quantitative
descriptive
research
design.
We
recruited
419
aged
at
least
18
years
old
through
social
media.
Results
were
analysed
using
Pearson’s
chi-squared
Fisher’s
tests
independence
pairs
dependent
independent
variables.
Results:
Most
often,
women
gave
birth
age
25–30,
had
one
or
two
children,
attended
higher
education.
Almost
half
them
lived
large
city
child
by
caesarean
section.
A
total
83.1%
planned
breastfeed,
but
not
all
able
do
so
reasons.
One-third
felt
sorry
themselves
that
they
change
their
feeding
method.
majority
did
receive
sufficient
hospital
terms
learning
how
breastfeed
(61%),
use
lactation
consultant
(67%),
answered
there
no
place
residence
(65%).
Only
43.2%
returned
work
without
ceasing
42%
experienced
feelings
embarrassment
when
place.
most
frequently
indicated
barrier
lack
suitable
location
where
woman
would
feel
comfortable,
calm,
intimate.
Conclusion:
There
are
towards
breastfeeding:
too
few
consultants,
problems
with
mother
wants
return
unfriendly
Efforts
must
be
made
support
Immunological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 14, 2024
Summary
The
prevalence
of
allergies
has
been
globally
escalating.
While
could
appear
at
any
age,
they
often
develop
in
early
life.
However,
the
significant
knowledge
gap
field
is
mechanisms
by
which
affect
certain
people
but
not
others.
Investigating
factors
and
events
neonatal
life
that
have
a
lasting
impact
on
determining
susceptibilities
children
to
area
investigation
as
it
promotes
understanding
immune
system
mediates
tolerance
versus
allergies.
This
review
focuses
research
over
recent
10
years
regarding
potential
maternal
influence
offspring
with
view
food
allergy,
potentially
life‐threatening
cause
anaphylaxis.
role
breast
milk,
diet,
antibodies,
microbiota
suggested
key
regulating
are
discussed
here.
We
also
suggest
future
expand
our
maternal–offspring
interactions
pathogenesis
allergy.
Food Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
126, P. 104661 - 104661
Published: Oct. 18, 2024
When
maternal
milk
is
unavailable,
donor
human
(DHM)
from
banks
(HMBs)
the
optimal
alternative,
as
recommended
by
World
Health
Organisation.
The
microbiota
of
DHM
could
contain
opportunistic
pathogens,
which
means
rigorous
microbiological
screening
for
DHM,
prior
to
pasteurisation,
safeguard
recipients.
Here,
an
analysis
6863
samples
1419
donors
at
Hearts
Milk
Bank
between
2017
and
2023
showed
approximately
70.1%
exhibited
a
total
viable
count
(TVC)
10³-10⁵
CFU/mL,
while
18.3%
yielded
no
growth;
11.5%
exceeded
10⁵
CFU/mL
threshold.
Staphylococcus
was
most
prevalent
genus,
with
S.
epidermidis
found
in
61.5%
samples.
A
significant
(p
<
0.05)
negative
co-occurrence
observed
Gram-negative
pathogens.
Overall,
16.8%
failed
meet
UK
criteria,
68.3%
these
failures
due
exceeding
TVC
thresholds.
accounted
10.2%
majority
met
current
criteria
specified
National
Institute
Care
Excellence
(NICE)
clinical
guidance
(CG93),
"Donor
banks:
service
operation".
core
species
reflects
microorganisms
typically
on
skin.
These
findings
highlight
that
thresholds
potentially
be
modified
increase
available
supply
without
increasing
risk.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 9, 2024
Abstract
This
study
aims
to
optimize
the
metagenomic
detection
methodology
of
human
breast
milk
microbiome
and
analyze
its
composition.
Twenty-two
samples
were
collected
from
left
right
sides
lactating
women
during
re-examinations
at
Haidian
Maternal
Child
Health
Hospital,
Beijing.
Microbial
cell
wall
disruption
parameters
optimized,
a
nucleic
acid
extraction
method
was
developed
construct
microbial
DNA/RNA
library.
Metagenomic
next-generation
sequencing
(mNGS)
performed,
composition
analyzed
using
k-
mer
Lowest
Common
Ancestor
(LCA)
with
self-generated
database
constructed
via
Kraken2
software.
Data
showed
Q20
>
95%
Q30
90%,
an
average
total
data
volume
5,567
±
376.6
Mb
non-human
sequence
445.1
63.75
Mb,
significantly
enhancing
efficiency.
The
included
21
phyla,
234
genera,
487
species,
Firmicutes
Proteobacteria
as
dominant
phyla.
Predominant
genera
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
,
major
species
aureus
bradystis
epidermidis
.
Species
levels
exhibited
significant
variations
among
different
individuals.
profiles
left-
right-sided
consistent
phylum,
genus,
levels.
In
addition
common
bacteria,
diverse
viral,
eukaryotic,
archaeal
sequences
detected.
refined
methods
for
microbiota.
Specific
flora
colonization
occurred
in
healthy
milk,
exhibiting
both
correlations
distinct
environments.
Importance
Breast
is
vital
source
nutrition
immunity
infants,
playing
critical
role
shaping
neonatal
gut
supporting
early
development.
However,
technical
challenges
detecting
microorganisms
milk’s
complex,
lipid-rich
environment
have
limited
understanding
diversity
function
these
communities.
optimized
communities
mothers,
identifying
wide
array
viruses,
eukaryotes,
archaea.
Key
bacterial
such
predominant,
specific
inter-individual
variability.
Additionally,
revealed
yet
correlated
environments
breasts.
These
findings
advance
microbiota
provide
foundation
exploring
implications
maternal
infant
health.
