Eicosanoid Pathways and Inflammation in Sickle Cell Vaso-Occlusion: A Review

International Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharma Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 47 - 53

Published: July 15, 2024

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic blood disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin S, leading to deformation red cells (RBCs) into sickle shape. This results in recurrent vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs), hallmark disease, which are driven complex interactions between sickled RBCs, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Eicosanoids, bioactive lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid, play critical role inflammatory response associated with VOCs. review explores various eicosanoid pathways involved SCA, focusing on roles prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins modulating inflammation vascular function. The dysregulation synthesis metabolism significantly contributes pathophysiology VOCs SCA. Elevated levels pro-inflammatory prostaglandins leukotrienes exacerbate increase permeability, promote leukocyte adhesion, microvascular obstruction tissue ischemia. Conversely, anti-inflammatory may be impaired, further perpetuating response. Therapeutic strategies targeting offer promising avenues for improving clinical outcomes patients Interventions such as non-steroidal drugs (NSAIDs), leukotriene receptor antagonists, lipoxin analogues help mitigate prevent Keywords: anemia, crisis, eicosanoids, COX enzymes, LOX therapeutic

Language: Английский

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Glycocalyx Degradation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Vaso-Occlusion: A Review

International Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharma Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 41 - 46

Published: July 15, 2024

The endothelial glycocalyx is a crucial component of vascular homeostasis, acting as protective barrier and regulator function. In sickle cell anemia (SCA), the degradation significantly contributes to dysfunction pathogenesis vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs). This review examines mechanisms degradation, including roles shear stress, enzymatic activity, oxidative stress. breakdown leads increased permeability, enhanced adhesion, impaired nitric oxide (NO) production, all which exacerbate promote VOCs. Mechanistically, stress mechanical forces from altered hemodynamics in SCA disrupt glycocalyx. Enzymes like heparanase, hyaluronidase, matrix metalloproteinases degrade components, while chronic inflammation hemolysis further accelerates this process. resulting manifests promoting reduced NO synthesis, leading vasoconstriction thrombosis. pro-thrombotic environment facilitates adhesion aggregation sickled red blood cells (RBCs) other circulating cells, driving Therapeutic strategies targeting preservation restoration are critical for mitigating SCA. Approaches include use precursors, synthetic mimetics, antioxidant therapy, enzyme inhibitors, donors. These therapies aim restore glycocalyx, reduce improve bioavailability, thereby reducing incidence severity Continued research into these therapeutic interventions essential optimizing treatment improving clinical outcomes patients with Keywords: Glycocalyx, Endothelial Dysfunction, Vaso-Occlusion, Sickle Cell Anemia, Inflammation, Shear Stress, Cells

Language: Английский

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Influence of Hemoglobin Variants on Vaso-Occlusive Phenomena in Sickle Cell Anemia: A Review

International Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharma Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 54 - 59

Published: July 15, 2024

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic disorder characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobin S (HbS), leading to sickling red blood cells (RBCs) and subsequent vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs). These are responsible for acute pain episodes potential organ damage, significantly affecting quality life individuals with SCA. The clinical presentation SCA can be modified various variants, including C (HbC) E (HbE), which influence severity frequency VOCs through alterations in morphology, oxygen affinity, inflammatory responses. variants affect rigidity aggregation, enhanced vascular occlusion increased susceptibility VOCs. Hemoglobin C, instance, results more rigid RBCs that readily adhere endothelium, while may reduce degree due its higher affinity. Furthermore, these modulate response, influencing recruitment leukocytes activation endothelial cells, thereby contributing overall pathophysiology Individualized treatment approaches, such as hydroxyurea therapy emerging gene therapies, tailored based on specific variant present patient. Continued research crucial elucidate complex interactions between VOCs, ultimately improved patient outcomes those affected sickle anemia. Keywords: anemia, crises, S, E, occlusion, inflammation, therapeutic strategies

Language: Английский

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Targeting natural antioxidant polyphenols to protect neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive review

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Polyphenols, naturally occurring phytonutrients found in plant-based foods, have attracted significant attention for their potential therapeutic effects neurological diseases and neuroinflammation. These compounds possess diverse neuroprotective capabilities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloid properties, which contribute to mitigating the progression of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Dementia, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Stroke, Huntington's (HD). Polyphenols been extensively studied ability regulate inflammatory responses by modulating activity pro-inflammatory genes influencing signal transduction pathways, thereby reducing neuroinflammation neuronal death. Additionally, polyphenols shown promise various cellular signaling pathways associated with viability, synaptic plasticity, cognitive function. Epidemiological clinical studies highlight polyphenol-rich diets decrease risk alleviate symptoms disorders Furthermore, demonstrated through regulation key Akt, Nrf2, STAT, MAPK, play critical roles neuroprotection body's immune response. This review emphasizes growing body evidence supporting combating neurodegeneration neuroinflammation, well enhancing brain health. Despite substantial promising hypotheses, further research investigations are necessary fully understand role establish them advanced targets age-related neuroinflammatory conditions.

Language: Английский

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Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG): Pharmacological Properties, Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potential

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(3), P. 654 - 654

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the predominant catechin in green tea, comprises approximately 50% of its total polyphenol content and has garnered widespread recognition for significant therapeutic potential. As principal bioactive component Camellia sinensis, EGCG is celebrated potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antitumor properties. The bioavailability metabolism within gut microbiota underscore systemic effects, as it absorbed intestine, metabolized into compounds, transported to target organs. This compound been shown influence key physiological pathways, particularly those related lipid inflammation, offering protective effects against a variety diseases. EGCG’s ability modulate cell signaling pathways associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, immune regulation highlights multifaceted role health promotion. Emerging evidence underscores potential preventing managing range chronic conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes. Given growing prevalence lifestyle-related diseases increasing interest natural presents promising avenue novel strategies. review aims summarize current knowledge on EGCG, emphasizing critical versatile agent diverse clinical applications. Further exploration both experimental settings essential fully unlock

Language: Английский

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Nitric Oxide Dysregulation and Vaso-Occlusive Crisis in Sickle Cell Anemia: A Review

International Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharma Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 36 - 40

Published: July 15, 2024

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin S (HbS), leading to chronic hemolysis and recurrent vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs). VOCs are acute, painful episodes caused obstruction blood flow due sickled red cells (RBCs), resulting in tissue ischemia organ damage. Nitric oxide (NO) plays crucial role vascular homeostasis, its dysregulation significant factor pathophysiology SCA, particularly VOCs. In releases free into plasma, which scavenges NO reduces bioavailability. Additionally, increased arginase activity depletes L-arginine, substrate for synthesis, further diminishing production. Oxidative stress exacerbates degradation endothelial dysfunction, amplifying risk The interplay between deficiency, oxidative stress, dysfunction creates vicious cycle that perpetuates damage increases frequency severity This review explores mechanisms underlying SCA impact on function. It also discusses potential therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating pathways prevent or reduce These include donors, L-arginine supplementation, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, antioxidant therapy, inhibitors. Keywords: anemia, crisis, nitric dysregulation, hemolysis, interventions.

Language: Английский

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Epigenomic Echoes—Decoding Genomic and Epigenetic Instability to Distinguish Lung Cancer Types and Predict Relapse

Epigenomes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 5 - 5

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Genomic and epigenomic instability are defining features of cancer, driving tumor progression, heterogeneity, therapeutic resistance. Central to this process epigenetic echoes, persistent dynamic modifications in DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNA regulation, chromatin remodeling that mirror underlying genomic chaos actively influence cancer cell behavior. This review delves into the complex relationship between these illustrating how they collectively shape genome, affect repair mechanisms, contribute evolution. However, dynamic, context-dependent nature changes presents scientific ethical challenges, particularly concerning privacy clinical applicability. Focusing on lung we examine specific patterns function as biomarkers for distinguishing subtypes monitoring disease progression relapse.

Language: Английский

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Synergistic Effects of a Novel Combination of Natural Compounds Prevent H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Red Blood Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1334 - 1334

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Novel strategies to prevent the “storage lesions” of red blood cells (RBCs) are needed risk adverse effects after transfusion. One option could be supplementation stored bags with natural compounds that may increase basal load antioxidant protection and shelf life RBCs. In this pilot study, we investigated for first time potential synergistic a triple combination well-known anti-oxidant curcumin (curc), vitamin E (vit E), C C). Briefly, established an ex vivo model H2O2-induced oxidative stress measured hemolysis ratio (HR) (%) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in RBCs or without pre-exposure 30 min increasing concentrations curc, vit E, then exposed 10 mM H2O2. 60 min. Exposure at highest concentration (100 µM) completely prevented hemolysis. Surprisingly, found pre-treatment curc 100 µM alone as compared same concentration. On other hand, was required totally lipid peroxidation, alone, supporting their preventing membrane peroxidation. Further experiments ongoing investigate anti-aging on cold-stored bags.

Language: Английский

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Beyond traditional uses: Unveiling the epigenetic, microbiome-modulating, metabolic, and nutraceutical benefits of Salvia officinalis in human and livestock nutrition

Journal of Functional Foods, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 128, P. 106843 - 106843

Published: April 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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Natural Bioproducts with Epigenetic Properties for Treating Cardiovascular Disorders

Genes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 566 - 566

Published: May 10, 2025

Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, highlighting an urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Recent advancements highlight potential naturally derived bioproducts with epigenetic properties to offer protection against CVDs. These compounds act on key mechanisms, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation modulate gene expression essential cardiovascular health. This review explores effects various bioproducts, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, other natural extracts, these modifications their benefits in preventing managing We discuss recent discoveries clinical applications, providing insights into regulatory mechanisms epidrugs, agents promising prospects therapy

Language: Английский

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