Japanese encephalitis virus: epidemiology and risk-based surveillance approaches for New Zealand DOI Creative Commons
ROGER S. MORRIS,

P. Bingham

New Zealand Veterinary Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 71(6), P. 283 - 294

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

The introduction and subsequent rapid spread of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype IV across all Australian mainland states the Northern Territory since late 2021 has increased risk an incursion this mosquito-transmitted zoonotic disease into New Zealand, with serious implications for both animal human health. potential modes entry are through infected mosquitoes as hitchhikers on ships or aircraft, windborne transfer mosquitoes, arrival reservoir bird species. A competent vector mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, is endemic in Zealand other mosquito species may also become involved. If infection becomes established scale transmission be considerably less than occurred Australia because climatic epidemiological factors not so favourable. Early evidence could come from detection clinical horses pigs, cases. Targeted surveillance to confirm refute indications undertaken by antibody a number Dogs have been shown particularly valuable sentinel due their cohabitation people high seroconversion rate. Other novel methods include reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) oronasal secretions pigs. Should detected, prompt action would required vaccinate at-risk populations clarify situation respect mammalian hosts species, including whether new had arrived country.Abbreviations: AHL: Animal Health Laboratory; JE: disease; JEV: virus; RT-PCR: Reverse PCR.

Language: Английский

Japanese Encephalitis: Risk of Emergence in the United States and the Resulting Impact DOI Creative Commons
Thomas P. Monath

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 54 - 54

Published: Dec. 28, 2023

Japanese encephalitis virus is a mosquito-borne member of the Flaviviridae family. JEV leading cause viral in Asia and characterized by encephalitis, high lethality, neurological sequelae survivors. The also causes severe disease swine, which are an amplifying host transmission cycle, horses. US agricultural authorities have recently recognized threat to swine industry initiated preparedness activities. Other viruses exotic Western Hemisphere been introduced established recent years, including West Nile, Zika, chikungunya viruses, has invaded continental Australia for first time. These events amply illustrate potential health security. Susceptible indigenous mosquito vectors, birds, feral domestic pigs, possibly bats, constitute receptive ecological ingredients spread US. Fortunately, unlike other invaders mentioned above, inactivated whole JE vaccine (IXIARO®) approved Food Drug Administration human use advance public emergency, but there no veterinary vaccine. This paper describes risks consequences introduction into US, need integrate planning such event policy, requirement additional countermeasures, antiviral drugs improved single dose that elicits durable immunity both humans livestock.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Estimating the Distribution of Japanese Encephalitis Vectors in Australia Using Ecological Niche Modelling DOI Creative Commons
Morgan Furlong, Andrew M. Adamu, Roslyn I. Hickson

et al.

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(12), P. 393 - 393

Published: Nov. 22, 2022

Recent Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) outbreaks in southeastern Australia have sparked interest into epidemiological factors surrounding the virus' novel emergence this region. Here, geographic distribution of mosquito species known to be competent JEV vectors country was estimated by combining occurrences and ecological drivers reveal insights communities at highest risk infectious disease transmission. Species models predicted that Culex annulirostris sitiens presence mostly likely along Australia's eastern northern coastline, while quinquefasciatus most near inland regions southern as well coastal Western Australia. While is considered dominant vector Australia, our niche emphasise need for further entomological surveillance research within

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Simultaneous Coinfections with West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in Culex pipiens and Aedes vexans Mosquitoes DOI Creative Commons
Christin Körsten, Amira AL-Hosary, Cora M. Holicki

et al.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023, P. 1 - 13

Published: March 29, 2023

The mosquito-borne zoonotic flaviviruses West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu (USUV) are endemic in many European countries emerged Germany recent years. Due to the increasing overlap of their distribution areas similar epidemiology, coinfections WNV USUV possible. Indeed, vertebrate hosts as a rare event have already been reported from some including Germany. However, it is largely unknown whether what extent could affect vector competence mosquitoes for USUV. For this purpose, mosquito species Culex pipiens biotype pipiens, molestus, Aedes vexans were orally infected mono- simultaneous with German strains Mosquitoes incubated 14 days at 26°C, 85% relative humidity, 16 : 8 light-dark photocycle, before they dissected forced salivate. results showed decrease susceptibility an increase vexans, no obvious interaction between both viruses molestus. Vector appeared be unaffected by occurrence all tested species. Coinfections only found mosquitoes, cotransmission was observed Overall, our show that viral interactions vary species, mainly occurs during infection replication midgut. study confirm fully understand USUV, studies various necessary. In addition, we even low viruses, such Ae. can play role transmission cocirculation.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Novel antiviral discoveries for Japanese encephalitis virus infections through reporter virus‐based high‐throughput screening DOI Creative Commons
Chunhong Yin, Peipei Yang,

Qingcui Xiao

et al.

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Japanese encephalitis (JE) caused by JE virus (JEV), remains a global public health concern. Currently, there is no specific antiviral drug approved for the treatment of JE. While vaccines are available prevention, they may not cover all at‐risk populations. This underscores urgent need prophylaxis and potent anti‐JEV drugs. In this context, high‐content JEV reporter system expressing Nanoluciferase (Nluc) was developed utilized high‐throughput screening (HTS) commercial library to identify potential candidates. Remarkably, process led discovery five drugs with outstanding activity. Further mechanism action analysis revealed that cepharanthine, an old clinically drug, directly inhibited replication blocking GTP binding RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase. Additionally, cepharanthine in mice models alleviated infection. These findings warrant further investigation into activity as new therapeutic approach The HTS method employed here proves be accurate convenient facilitates rapid development

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Dengue Virus Serotype 1 Effects on Mosquito Survival Differ among Geographically Distinct Aedes aegypti Populations DOI Creative Commons
Milan S. G. Keirsebelik, Mariana Rocha David, Márcio G. Pavan

et al.

Insects, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 393 - 393

Published: May 28, 2024

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is distributed worldwide and recognized as the primary vector for dengue in numerous countries. To investigate whether fitness cost of a single DENV-1 isolate varies among populations, we selected four Ae. populations from distinct localities: Australia (AUS), Brazil (BRA), Pakistan (PAK), Peru (PER). Utilizing simple methodologies, concurrently assessed survival rates fecundity. Overall, infection led to significant decrease rates, with exception PER population. Furthermore, infected PAK, population lowest rate those tested, exhibited noteworthy reduction egg laying. These findings collectively suggest that local mosquito-virus adaptations may influence transmission endemic settings.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Revisiting the risk of introduction of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) into the United States – An updated semi-quantitative risk assessment DOI Creative Commons
Andrea L. Dixon,

Ana Raquel Soares de Oliveira,

Lee W. Cohnstaedt

et al.

One Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19, P. 100879 - 100879

Published: Aug. 17, 2024

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is associated with in humans and reproductive neurological illness pigs. JEV has expanded beyond its native distribution southeast Asia, identifications Europe (2010) Africa (2016), most recently, spread into mainland Australia (2021-2022). The introduction of the United States (US) a public health risk, could also impact animal food supply. To efficiently cost-effectively manage better understanding how where diseases will be introduced, transmitted, required. achieve this objective, we updated our group's previous qualitative risk assessment using an established semi-quantitative tool (MINTRISK) to compare overall rate including impacts, seven US regions. from current region was considered negligible for Northeast, Midwest, Rocky Mountain, West, Alaska, Hawaii South only pathway that had non-negligible introduction; infected mosquito eggs larvae introduced via imported used tires (very low; 95% uncertainty interval (UI) = high). estimate very high (95% UI low Based on assessment, should prioritized surveillance activities ensure early detection JEV. assumptions due lack information about global movement mosquitoes, number feral pigs US, role non-ardeid wild birds transmission, magnitude basic reproduction ratio novel region, need fully as these estimated probability establishment.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Effect of different vaccine strategies for the control of Japanese encephalitis in mainland China from 1961 to 2020: A quantitative analysis DOI
Tianshan Shi, Lei Meng, Donghua Li

et al.

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 40(43), P. 6243 - 6254

Published: Sept. 19, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Genotype Change in Circulating JEV Strains in Fujian Province, China DOI Creative Commons

Nihua Dong,

Xinya Zhang, Hailong Zhang

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 1822 - 1822

Published: Aug. 26, 2023

Japanese encephalitis (JE), found in pigs, is a serious mosquito-borne zoonotic infectious disease caused by the virus (JEV). JEV maintained an enzootic cycle between mosquitoes and amplifying vertebrate hosts, mainly pigs wading birds. It transmitted to humans through bite of infected mosquito, allowing pathogen spread cause epidemics. However, there little research on genotype variation Fujian province. Previous studies have shown that main epidemic strain Province III. In this study, survey mosquito species diversity pig farms molecular evolutionary analyses were conducted Fujian, China, summer 2019. A total 19,177 collected at four sites UV trap. Four genera identified, which Culex tritaeniorhynchus was most common species, accounting for 76.4% (14,651/19,177). Anopheles sinensi (19.25%, 3691/19,177) second largest species. High infection rateswere important factor outbreak. The captured samples milled screened with JEV-specific primers. Five viruses isolated, FJ1901, FJ1902, FJ1903, FJ1904, FJ1905. Genetic affinity determined analyzing envelope (E) gene variants. results showed they are type I closely related strains SH-53 SD0810. it genetic evolution analysis JE changed from III I. Compared SD0810 strains, we no change key antigenic activity neurovirulence respectively. study provide basic data genotypic shift support prevention control JEV.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Potential for emergence of Japanese encephalitis in the European Union DOI Creative Commons
Céline M Gossner, Sofie Dhollander, Lance Presser

et al.

Zoonoses and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 71(3), P. 274 - 280

Published: Dec. 18, 2023

Abstract Background and objective No autochthonous human cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) have been reported to date in the European Union (EU). In this study, we assess likelihood virus (JEV) introduction transmission within EU propose outbreak response measures. Risk assessment Given global geographical distribution JEV, probability into is currently very low, with viremic bird migration being most plausible pathway introduction. However, would significantly increase if were become established Middle East, Caucasus, Central Asia or Africa. Considering environmental conditions that are expected be conducive for circulation, there a high after its environmentally suitable areas. The spread likely occur through movement wild birds, pigs mosquitoes. Mitigation To mitigate potentially contain emergence JE EU, early detection both animal will crucial.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Laboratory evaluation of ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence assay in response to emergence of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype IV in Australia DOI Creative Commons
Paul Kinsella, Michael A. Moso, Geneviève Martin

et al.

Journal of Clinical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 168, P. 105580 - 105580

Published: Sept. 9, 2023

The unexpected recent emergence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genotype IV in multiple southern states Australia necessitated an evaluation JEV serological tests suitable for diagnosing acute infection and seroprevalence studies. This study examined the analytical clinical performance two high-throughput assays, Euroimmun immunofluorescence assay (IFA) enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA), across four cohorts; (1) surveillance piggery workers outbreak areas, (2) residents (3) (4) post-JEV vaccination. ELISA IFA IgM demonstrated minimal cross-reactivity (0-1.8%) with other endemic flaviviruses, high sensitivity (100%) this low endemicity setting. Differences IgG serodynamics between assays suggest convalescent paired testing are critical infection. High concordance was observed when used serosurveillance (97.4% agreement, Cohen' κ 0.74 [95% CI 0.614-0.860]) vaccination cohorts (91.1% Cohen's 0.806 0.672-0.941]). In conclusion, highlights & epidemiological applications limitations these commercial assays.

Language: Английский

Citations

4