Health Science Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
8(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Background
and
Aims
Monkeypox
(Mpox),
caused
by
the
monkeypox
virus
(MPXV),
has
emerged
as
a
significant
global
public
health
concern,
particularly
following
substantial
multi‐country
outbreak
in
mid‐2022.
The
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
reported
109,699
laboratory‐confirmed
Mpox
cases
236
fatalities
worldwide
from
January
1,
2022,
to
September
30,
2024.
This
narrative
review
aims
evaluate
co‐infections
of
with
various
viral
agents
assess
their
implications
for
health.
Methods
We
conducted
comprehensive
literature
regarding
human
immunodeficiency
(HIV),
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS‐CoV‐2),
hepatitis
viruses
(hepatitis
A
(HAV),
B
(HBV),
C
(HCV)),
herpesviruses
(including
herpes
simplex
(HSV)‐1,
HSV‐2,
varicella‐zoster
(VZV),
cytomegalovirus
(CMV)).
Results
analyzed
epidemiological
trends,
clinical
manifestations,
preventive
measures,
treatment
guidelines,
advanced
diagnostic
methodologies.
highlights
intricate
dynamics
underscores
necessity
approaches,
including
load
assays,
active
co‐infections,
HIV
HBV.
Conclusion
Understanding
interplay
between
MPXV
other
pathogens
is
crucial
enhancing
management
strategies
co‐infections.
By
addressing
these
complexities,
we
aim
contribute
valuable
insights
into
improve
response
strategies.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: Dec. 27, 2023
In
2022,
a
global
outbreak
of
Mpox
(formerly
monkeypox)
occurred
in
various
countries
across
Europe
and
America
rapidly
spread
to
more
than
100
regions.
The
World
Health
Organization
declared
the
be
public
health
emergency
international
concern
due
rapid
virus.
Consequently,
nations
intensified
their
efforts
explore
treatment
strategies
aimed
at
combating
infection
its
dissemination.
Nevertheless,
available
therapeutic
options
for
virus
remain
limited.
So
far,
only
few
numbers
antiviral
compounds
have
been
approved
by
regulatory
authorities.
Given
high
mutability
virus,
certain
mutant
strains
shown
resistance
existing
pharmaceutical
interventions.
This
highlights
urgent
need
develop
novel
drugs
that
can
combat
both
drug
potential
threat
bioterrorism.
Currently,
there
is
lack
comprehensive
literature
on
pathophysiology
Mpox.
To
address
this
issue,
we
conducted
review
covering
physiological
pathological
processes
infection,
summarizing
latest
progress
anti-Mpox
drugs.
Our
analysis
encompasses
currently
employed
clinical
settings,
as
well
newly
identified
small-molecule
antibody
displaying
efficacy
against
Furthermore,
gained
valuable
insights
from
process
development,
including
repurposing
drugs,
discovery
targets
driven
artificial
intelligence,
preclinical
development.
purpose
provide
readers
with
overview
current
knowledge
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: March 6, 2024
Monkeypox
virus
(MPXV)
is
the
etiological
agent
of
monkeypox
(mpox),
a
zoonotic
disease.
MPXV
endemic
in
forested
regions
West
and
Central
Africa,
but
has
recently
spread
globally,
causing
outbreaks
multiple
non-endemic
countries.
In
this
paper,
we
review
characteristics
virus,
including
its
ecology,
genomics,
infection
biology,
evolution.
We
estimate
by
phylogenomic
molecular
clock
that
B.1
lineage
responsible
for
2022
mpox
been
circulation
since
2016.
interrogate
host-virus
interactions
modulate
signal
transduction,
pathogenesis,
host
immune
responses.
highlight
changing
pathophysiology
epidemiology
summarize
recent
advances
prevention
treatment
mpox.
addition,
identifies
knowledge
gaps
with
respect
to
disease,
suggests
future
research
directions
address
gaps,
proposes
One
Health
approach
as
an
effective
strategy
prevent
current
epidemics
JAMA Internal Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
184(3), P. 275 - 275
Published: Jan. 8, 2024
Despite
a
lack
of
effectiveness
data
in
humans,
tecovirimat
was
widely
prescribed
to
people
with
HIV
(PWH)
mpox
during
the
2022
epidemic,
particularly
PWH
low
CD4+
T-cell
counts
or
severe
clinical
manifestations.
Biomedical Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 100746 - 100746
Published: May 1, 2024
Mpox
is
a
zoonotic
disease
caused
by
the
monkeypox
virus
(MPV),
primarily
found
in
Central
and
West
African
countries.
The
typical
presentation
of
before
2022
mpox
outbreak
includes
febrile
prodrome
5-13
days
post-exposure,
accompanied
lymphadenopathy,
malaise,
headache,
muscle
aches.
Unexpectedly,
during
outbreak,
several
cases
atypical
presentations
were
reported,
such
as
absence
prodromal
symptoms
presence
genital
skin
lesions
suggestive
sexual
transmission.
As
per
World
Health
Organization
(WHO),
March
20,
2024,
94,707
reported
worldwide,
resulting
181
deaths
(22
endemic
regions
159
non-endemic
countries).
United
States
Centers
for
Disease
Control
Prevention
(CDC)
reports
total
32,063
(33.85%
globally),
with
58
(32.04%
global
deaths)
due
to
mpox.
Person-to-person
transmission
can
occur
through
respiratory
droplets
sustained
close
contact.
However,
mpox,
high
incidence
anal
perianal
among
MSMs
indicated
MPV
major
route
Since
are
disproportionately
at
risk
HIV
transmission,
this
review
discusses
factors,
patterns,
pathogenesis,
vaccine,
treatment
options
MSM
people
living
(PLWH).
Furthermore,
we
provide
brief
perspective
on
evolution
immunocompromised
like
PLWH.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Oct. 11, 2024
Monkeypox
(mpox)
is
a
zoonotic
illness
caused
by
the
monkeypox
virus
(MPXV),
with
higher
health
concerns
among
people
who
are
pregnant,
children,
and
persons
immunocompromised,
including
untreated
advanced
HIV
disease.
Significant
progress
has
been
made
in
developing
vaccines
against
mpox,
yet
critical
challenges
limitations
persist
ensuring
their
effectiveness,
safety,
accessibility.
The
pertinence
of
this
review
highlighted
World
Health
Organization's
declaration
global
emergency
on
August
14,
2024,
due
to
recent
mpox
outbreak,
underscoring
necessity
for
effective
vaccine
solutions
face
rapidly
evolving
virus.
Here,
we
comprehensively
analyze
various
platforms
utilized
prevention,
attenuated
non-replicating
vaccines,
viral
vector-based
recombinant
protein
DNA
mRNA
vaccines.
We
evaluate
advantages
each
platform,
highlighting
urgent
need
ongoing
research
innovation
enhance
efficacy
safety.
Recent
advancements,
such
as
incorporating
immunostimulatory
sequences,
improved
delivery
systems,
polyvalent
explored
potential
offer
broader
protection
diverse
orthopoxvirus
strains.
This
work
underscores
optimize
currently
available
investigate
novel
vaccination
strategies
address
future
public
emergencies
effectively.
By
focusing
these
methodologies,
aim
contribute
development
robust
adaptable
other
related
threats.
Tropical Diseases Travel Medicine and Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Jan. 14, 2025
Abstract
Monkeypox
virus
(MPXV)
is
an
enclosed,
double-stranded
DNA
from
the
Orthopoxvirus
genus,
which
also
contains
variola,
vaccinia,
and
cowpox.
MPXV,
was
once
confined
to
West
Central
Africa,
has
recently
had
a
rebound,
spreading
beyond
its
original
range
since
2017.
The
distinguished
by
unique
morphology,
includes
oval
or
brick-shaped
structure
complex
lipid
protein
makeup.
current
multi-country
outbreak
designated
public
health
emergency
in
2022,
highlighted
MPXV’s
shifting
epidemiology
ability
spread
rapidly
over
globe.
‘No
one
safe
until
everyone
safe’
slogan
we
often
heard
during
COVID-19
pandemic,
now
required
for
growing
global
regional
mpox
outbreaks.
epidemic
divided
into
two
clades:
Clade
I
II,
have
distinct
pathogenic
characteristics.
Diagnostic
approaches
developed
with
advances
molecular
techniques,
yet
problems
persist
resource-constrained
situations.
This
overview
summarizes
virus’s
history,
epidemiology,
clinical
characteristics,
offering
insights
recent
comeback
response
efforts.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(2), P. 285 - 285
Published: Jan. 28, 2023
Re-emerging
human
mpox
(previously
known
as
monkeypox)
is
spreading
around
the
world.
According
to
existing
studies,
current
pandemic
mainly
affects
men
who
have
sex
with
(MSM),
including
male
workers
(MSW).
Our
study
aimed
assess
knowledge
and
attitude
towards
vaccination
among
MSW
in
China.A
web-based,
cross-sectional
survey
was
conducted
August
2022.
We
collected
participants'
socio-demographic
characteristics
15
items
related
mpox.
Modified
Bloom's
cut-off
points
of
80%
(total
score
>
12)
used
indicate
good
knowledge.
Multivariable
regression
analysis
factors
vaccination.A
total
154
were
recruited
(age:
median
=
22,
interquartile
range,
IQR
12).
Of
MSW,
49.4%
had
mpox,
63.0%
willing
be
vaccinated
against
found
that
associated
being
single
[adjusted
odds
ratio
(AOR)
2.46,
95%
confident
interval
(CI)
(1.22-4.87)],
unemployed
[5.01,
1.21-20.70]
willingness
[2.51,
1.14-5.54].
Willingness
get
age
[1.06,
1.00-1.12],
chronic
diseases
history
[8.53,
1.01-71.68],
agreement
"priority
for
high-risk
groups
if
vaccine
short
supply"
[2.57,
1.01-6.54].We
suboptimal
a
high
are
may
These
findings
underscore
necessity
providing
health
education
on
MSW.
When
supply,
priority
should
given
groups,
such