Identification of mouse CD4+T cell epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 spike and nucleocapsid for use in peptide:MHCII tetramers DOI Creative Commons
Laura Bricio-Moreno, Juliana Barreto de Albuquerque,

Jake M. Neary

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 17, 2023

Abstract Understanding adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is a major requisite for the development of effective vaccines and treatments COVID-19. CD4 + T cells play an integral role in this process primarily by generating antiviral cytokines providing help to antibody-producing B cells. To empower detailed studies SARS-CoV-2-specific cell responses mouse models, we comprehensively mapped I-A b -restricted epitopes spike nucleocapsid proteins BA.1 variant concern via IFNγ ELISpot assay. This was followed generation corresponding peptide:MHCII tetramer reagents directly stain epitope-specific Using rigorous validation strategy, identified 6 reliably immunogenic 3 nucleocapsid, all which are conserved ancestral Wuhan strain. We also validated previously epitope from that absent BA.1. These tetramers will be invaluable tools antigen-specific mice.

Language: Английский

An Update on Anti-COVID-19 Vaccines and the Challenges to Protect Against New SARS-CoV-2 Variants DOI Creative Commons
Fábio Mambelli, Ana Carolina V. S. C. de Araujo, Jéssica Pires Farias

et al.

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 23 - 23

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant threat to global health systems, with extensive impacts across many sectors of society. been responsible for millions deaths worldwide since its first identification in late 2019. Several actions have taken prevent the disease, including unprecedented fast development and vaccination campaigns, which were pivotal reducing symptoms deaths. Given impact pandemic, continuous changes virus, present vaccine technologies, this review analyzes how, so far, we met challenge by emergence new variants discusses how next-generation pan-coronavirus vaccines, enhanced longevity breadth immune responses, may be tackled alternative administration routes antigen delivery platforms. By addressing these critical aspects, aims contribute ongoing efforts achieve long-term control COVID-19, stimulating discussion work on vaccines capable facing future waves infection.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Protecting the vulnerable: addressing the COVID-19 care needs of people with compromised immunity DOI Creative Commons
Raymund R. Razonable

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 2, 2024

While the general population regained a certain level of normalcy with end global health emergency, risk contracting COVID-19 severe outcome is still major concern for people compromised immunity. This paper reviews impact on immunocompromised status, identifies gaps in current management landscape, and proposes actions to address this unmet need. Observational studies have demonstrated that immune dysfunction higher COVID-19–related hospitalization death, despite vaccination, than population. More research needed define optimal prevention treatment strategies are specific including novel vaccination strategies, monoclonal antibodies provide passive immunity complement suboptimal responses, improved safer antiviral COVID-19. Preventive measures beyond alone urgently protect vulnerable

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Combined antiviral therapy as effective and feasible option in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation during SARS-COV-2 infection: a case report DOI Creative Commons
Serena Vita, Alessandra D’Abramo, Andrea Coppola

et al.

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Here we describe the case of a 51 years old Italian woman with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who underwent to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) during SARS-COV-2 infection. She presented prolonged COVID-19 successfully treated dual anti antiviral plus monoclonal antibody therapy.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Recall vaccination increases detectable B-cell reactivity in persons with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab DOI

Lucia Moiola,

Alessandra Mandelli, Maciej Tarkowski

et al.

Journal of Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 272(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Immunity in COVID-19-Naive Vaccinated Individuals with and Without Spike Protein IgG Antibodies DOI Creative Commons
Vassiliki Pitiriga, Myrto Papamentzelopoulou, Dimitris Nikoloudis

et al.

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 415 - 415

Published: April 25, 2025

Background: The effective management of vaccination schedules requires thorough knowledge an individual’s immunoprotection level, including the interaction and persistence immune responses at both humoral cellular levels following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. This study aimed to investigate potential relationship between duration T cell response IgG measurements in a cohort COVID-19-naive individuals who had received vaccine. Methods: We performed retrospective descriptive analysis utilizing data retrieved from electronic medical records consecutive vaccinated adult underwent COVID-19 immunity screening private healthcare center September 2021 2022. was evaluated using IGRA methodology T-SPOT®.COVID (Oxford Immunotec, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK). Results: A conducted on 262 individuals, comprising 148 females (56.5%) 114 males (43.5%), with ages ranging 17 92 years (mean age: 59.47 ± 15.5 years). Among participants, 216/262 (82.4%) tested negative for antibodies (group A), while 46/262 (17.6%) positive B). No significant difference observed two groups time period post vaccination, mean times after being 136.38 78.68 days group 140.6 79.5 B (T-test, p = 0.74). groups, reaction against S antigen reported 132/216 (61.1%) participants 39/46 (84.8%) (X2 test, 0.002). Additionally, antibody demonstrated statistically higher SPOT results compared those undetectable levels, SFC count 125.70 158.73 (Mann–Whitney 0.006). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that may persist even when are undetectable, highlighting role providing protection over time. this demonstrates correlation SARS-CoV-2, suggesting activation is associated levels.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A Comparison of the Immunogenicity and Safety of an Additional Heterologous versus Homologous COVID-19 Vaccination among Non-Seroconverted Immunocompromised Patients after a Two-Dose Primary Series of mRNA Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis DOI Creative Commons

Chatchaya Nangsue,

Karan Srisurapanont, Tavitiya Sudjaritruk

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 468 - 468

Published: April 28, 2024

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the immunogenicity safety of an additional heterologous (viral vector) versus homologous (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccine dose among non-seroconverted immunocompromised patients after a two-dose primary series mRNA vaccine. We searched studies published up 21 June 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, Embase. The was conducted seropositivity rates based on anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG (anti-S IgG) SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell immune response rates, assessed by interferon-γ release assay at 4 weeks, incidences serious adverse events (SAEs) within 28 days between two regimens. In four included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), there were no statistically significant differences seropositive rate anti-S (risk ratio [RR]: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.48–1.29) concentration SARS-CoV-2 (RR: 1.19, 0.96–1.48) regimen exhibited significantly lower incidence injection pain 0.55, 0.45–0.69), but higher headache 1.44, 1.02–2.02) compared with regimen. No vaccine-related SAEs reported following vaccination. An or well tolerated demonstrated comparable who initially vaccinated finding supports recommendations extended vaccination persons.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Anti-RBD Antibody Levels and IFN-γ-Specific T Cell Response Are Associated with a More Rapid Swab Reversion in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis after the Booster Dose of COVID-19 Vaccination DOI Creative Commons
Alessandra Aiello, Serena Ruggieri, Assunta Navarra

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 926 - 926

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

This study investigated the incidence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections (BIs) time to swab reversion in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) after booster dose COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. We enrolled 64 PwMS who had completed three-dose vaccine schedule never experienced before. Among PwMS, 43.8% BIs a median since third 155 days. occurred more frequently ocrelizumab-treated (64.7%). Patients relapsing-remitting MS course showed reduced compared those primary-progressive disease (

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Hybrid Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Narrative Review of the Literature DOI Creative Commons
Panagiota Tsagkli, Maria Geropeppa,

Ioanna Papadatou

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1051 - 1051

Published: Sept. 14, 2024

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 led to a global health crisis and the burden disease continues persist. rapid development emergency authorization various vaccines, including mRNA-based played pivotal role in mitigating severe illness mortality. However, viral mutations, leading several variants concern, challenged vaccine effectiveness, particularly concerning immune evasion. Research on immunity, both from natural infection vaccination, revealed that while neutralizing antibodies provide protection against infection, their effect is short-lived. primary defense COVID-19 derived cellular response. Hybrid developed combination offers enhanced protection, with convalescent vaccinated individuals showing significantly higher levels antibodies. As evolve, understanding durability breadth hybrid immunity becomes crucial. This narrative review examines latest data humoral discussing how could inform optimize future vaccination strategies ongoing battle fear new pandemic.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Cellular Immunity of SARS-CoV-2 in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Nested Case-Control Study DOI Open Access

Salvador Domènech-Montoliu,

Joan Puig‐Barberà,

María Rosario Pac-Sa

et al.

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Our goal was to determine the cellular immune response (CIR) among a random sample of Borriana COVID-19 cohort (Spain) identify its associated factors and their relationship with infection, reinfection sequelae. We conducted nested case-control study using randomly selected 225 individuals age 18 older, including 36 individual naïve SARS-CoV-2 189 infected patients. employed flow cytometry-based immunoassays for intracellular cytokine staining, utilizing Wuhan BA.2 antigens chemoluminescence microparticle immunoassay detection antibodies. Logistic regression models were used. A total 215 (95.6%) participants exhibited T-cell (TCR) at least one antigen. Positive responses CD4+ CD8+ T cells 89.8% 85.3% respectively. No difference in CIR found Patients who experienced sequelae higher than those without. positive correlation observed between TCR Anti-Spike IgG levels. Factors included A-blood group, number vaccine doses received, Anti-N IgM; inversely related time elapsed since last dose or B-blood group. These findings contribute valuable insights into nuance landscape shaped by infection vaccination.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Immune response variation in mild and severe COVID-19 patients DOI Creative Commons
Samuel Stróż, Piotr Kosiorek, Edyta Zbroch

et al.

Qatar medical journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(1)

Published: March 6, 2024

Sixty patients with COVID-19 infection were categorized into mild and severe groups, their immune response was analyzed using flow cytometry complete blood count. An observed increase in activation parameters, notably a higher percentage of CD4 lymphocytes co-expressing CD69 CD25 molecules, enhanced activity the macrophage-monocyte cell line noted group. Although Group 2 (severe COVID) had fewer cells, significant migration proliferation evident, increased CD4CD69, CD8 HLA-DR+, CD8CD69 lymphocytes. The to ratio 1 suggested potential autoimmune reactions, while indicated immunosuppression from employing immunosuppressive drugs. Additionally, exhibited an neutrophil count, hinting at possible bacterial co-infection. showed differences CD4RO CD8RA lymphocyte populations, implying that cellular immunity plays role developing efficient postinfectious immunity. This intimation suggests vaccination might mitigate severity coronavirus prevent complications, including long-term COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Citations

1