Mechanisms of salinity tolerance and their possible application in the breeding of vegetables

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: March 14, 2023

In dry and semi-arid areas, salinity is the most serious hazard to agriculture, which can affect plant growth development adversely. Over-accumulation of Na+ in organs cause an osmotic effect imbalance nutrient uptake. However, its harmful impact vary depending on genotype, period exposure stress, stage, concentration content salt. To overcome unfavorable salinity, plants have developed two kinds tolerance strategies based either minimizing entrance salts by roots or administering their diffusion.Having sufficient knowledge accumulation mechanisms understanding function genes involved transport activity will present a new option enhance vegetables related food security arid regions. Considerable improvements be employed for breeding with boosted yield performance under salt stress. A conventional method demands exhaustive research work crops, while techniques molecular breeding, such as cutting-edge tools CRISPR technology are now available economically important give fair chance genetically modified organisms.Therefore, this review highlights tolerance, various methods many sources genetic variation inducing

Language: Английский

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Breakthrough in CRISPR/Cas system: Current and future directions and challenges

Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(8)

Published: May 11, 2023

Targeted genome editing (GE) technology has brought a significant revolution in fictional genomic research and given hope to plant scientists develop desirable varieties. This involves inducing site-specific DNA perturbations that can be repaired through repair pathways. GE products currently include CRISPR-associated nuclease breaks, prime editors generated flaps, single nucleotide-modifications, transposases, recombinases. The discovery of double-strand nucleases (SSNs), mechanisms paved the way for targeted GE, first-generation tools, ZFNs TALENs, were successfully utilized GE. However, CRISPR-Cas now become preferred tool due its speed, reliability, cost-effectiveness. Plant functional genomics benefited significantly from widespread use CRISPR advancements developments. review highlights progress made technology, including multiplex editing, base (BE), (PE), as well challenges potential delivery mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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A CRISPR way for accelerating cereal crop improvement: Progress and challenges

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Humans rely heavily on cereal grains as a key source of nutrients, hence regular improvement crops is essential for ensuring food security. The current crisis at the global level due to rising population and harsh climatic conditions which prompts scientists develop smart resilient attain Cereal crop in past generally depended imprecise methods like random mutagenesis conventional genetic recombination results high off targeting risks. In this context, we have witnessed application targeted using versatile CRISPR-Cas systems sustainable agriculture. Accelerated molecular breeding based genome editing (GE) an unprecedented tool plant biotechnology last decade has shown fidelity, accuracy, low levels off-target effects, efficacy CRISPR technology induce such wheat, rice, maize, barley, millets. Since genomic databases these are available, several modifications GE technologies been performed desirable results. This review provides brief overview includes elaborate account mechanisms applications improving desired traits. Further, describe recent developments CRISPR-Cas–based through base prime plants, possibly providing new dimensions field editing.

Language: Английский

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Applications and Prospects of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Base Editing in Plant Breeding

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(2), P. 918 - 935

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 system (Cas9) has been used at length to optimize multiple aspects of germplasm resources. However, large-scale genomic research indicated that novel variations in crop plants are attributed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Therefore, substituting single bases into a plant genome may produce desirable traits. Gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9 techniques frequently results insertions-deletions (indels). Base allows precise changes the absence double-strand breaks (DSBs) and donor repair templates (DRTs). BEs have provided new way thinking about editing, base currently being utilized edit genomes many different organisms. As traditional breeding modern molecular technologies complement each other, various emerged. How realize greater potential BE applications is question we need consider. Here, explain editings such as CBEs, ABEs, CGBEs. In addition, latest agriculture summarized, including yield, quality, disease, herbicide resistance. Finally, challenges future prospects presented. aim provide comprehensive overview application further improve make most its value.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Salt Stress on Cotton

International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 98 - 103

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Salt stress is a major abiotic that affects plant growth and development at various stages of the plant's life cycle.The impact salt on seedling, vegetative reproductive can vary depending concentration, duration exposure, species.In general, lead to reduced germination, inhibition, decreased yield quality crops.At physiological level, cause osmotic ionic stress, leading water imbalance nutrient deficiency.This result in photosynthesis, stomatal closure, transpiration rates.Plants exposed may also accumulate excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage cell membranes, proteins, DNA.In response plants activate defense mechanisms such as osmo-protectants, antioxidants, signaling pathways mitigate caused by ROS.Salt affect fiber traits crops.Studies have shown cotton produce shorter weaker fibers, fiber.In conclusion, has significant aspects development, including vegetative, stages, well traits.Understanding tolerance help develop strategies improve crop productivity sustainability saline environments.

Language: Английский

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Cleome gynandra: A wonder climate-smart plant for nutritional security for millions in semi-arid areas

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 23, 2022

Spider plant ( Cleome gynandra ) is predominantly used as a traditional leafy vegetable throughout Africa and considered rich natural source of essential nutrients such vitamins, minerals proteins. With the increase in malnutrition, diet related non-communicable diseases poverty across continent Africa, spider bona fide alternative healthy food crop to alleviate these challenges. an erect annual herb that could grow up 150 cm tall, strongly branched, with long taproot few secondary roots. It commonly consumed resource-poor communities especially during times major scarcity. drought-tolerant resilient capable growing well wide range climatic edaphic conditions. Despite potential benefits adaptability, progressive attempts towards development C. have been impeded by issues like low investment research resulting poor seed quality, relatively yields susceptibility pests diseases. In this paper, we reviewed has done regarding its morphology, conditions, production utilisation (i.e., nutrition). The current review highlighted status science advancing domestication power for several African countries. concluded advancement modern biotechnology techniques genome sequencing, there compelling case candidate managing micronutrient deficiencies post-pandemic era. Finally, existing knowledge gaps (e.g., breeding) necessitate explorations were identified recommendations enhance commercialisation made.

Language: Английский

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Genomic Dynamics and Functional Insights under Salt Stress in Gossypium hirsutum L.

Genes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 1103 - 1103

Published: May 18, 2023

The changing climate is intensifying salt stress globally. Salt a menace to cotton crop quality and yield. seedling, germination, emergence phases are more prone the effects of than other stages. Higher levels can lead delayed flowering, reduced number fruiting positions, shedding fruits, decreased boll weight, yellowing fiber, all which have an adverse effect on yield seed cotton. However, sensitivity toward dependent type, growth phase, genotype. As threat continues grow, it crucial gain comprehensive understanding mechanisms underlying tolerance in plants identify potential avenues for enhancing marker-assisted selection, conjunction with next-generation sequencing technologies, has streamlined breeding efforts. This review begins by providing overview causes cotton, as well theory tolerance. Subsequently, summarizes methods that utilize genomic techniques identifying elite salt-tolerant markers wild species or mutated materials. Finally, novel possibilities based approaches stated above presented debated.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the Concept of Speed Breeding in Crop Improvement: Opportunities and Challenges Towards Global Food Security

Tropical Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 1 - 23

Published: Feb. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas technology in vegetable crops for improving biotic, abiotic stress and quality traits: Challenges and opportunities

Scientia Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 341, P. 113957 - 113957

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Language: Английский

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Teff: a healthy crop of the century–challenges and opportunities for enhancing productivity under climate change

Discover Agriculture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Language: Английский

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