Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of exogenous melatonin improves salt tolerance in eggplants

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Melatonin significantly enhances the tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stress, plays an important role in plant resistance salt stress. However, its molecular mechanisms eggplant stress have been rarely reported. In previous studies, we experimentally demonstrated that melatonin can enhance eggplants. this study, treated salt-stressed with a control treatment water, then conducted physiological biochemical tests, transcriptomic metabolomic sequencing, RT-qPCR validation at different stages after treatment. The results showed exogenous alleviate adverse effects on by increasing activity antioxidant enzymes, reducing content reactive oxygen species plants, organic osmoprotectants. Transcriptomic data, as well combined analysis, indicate activate metabolic pathways Compared genes α-linolenic acid metabolism pathway promote accumulation metabolites pathway, significant observed 48 hours treatment, activates expression such SmePLA2, SmeLOXs SmeOPR et al. α-Linolenic acid, (9R,13R)-12-oxophytodienoic 9(S)-HpOTrE (+)-7-iso-Jasmonic acid. validated activating effect candidate a-linolenic pathway. This study analyzed mechanism alleviating providing theoretical foundation for application enhancing production.

Language: Английский

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Genotype-dependent resilience mediated by melatonin in sweet corn

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Water deficits, exacerbated by climate change and unpredictable weather, have become a significant global challenge to agricultural productivity. In this context, exogenous melatonin treatment is well documented as stress alleviator; however, its effects on various biological processes, particularly in less-explored genotypes, remain understudied. This study aimed enhance water deficit resilience sweet corn applying foliar four genotypes-Messenger, Dessert, Royalty, Tyson under two levels of deprivation induced polyethylene glycol at 8% 12% concentrations hydroponic, controlled environment. The treatments were assessed for their impact morphological, physiological, biochemical parameters both normal water-deficit conditions. Under severe (12% PEG), increased root length 75%, peroxidase activity 31% while reducing malondialdehyde content 34% genotype Dessert indicating enhanced antioxidant defense reduced oxidative damage. Likewise stomatal conductance 68%, with increasing specific area 125% deprivation. also improved chlorophyll-a 93% Royalty 37% Tyson, decrease 42% damage addition, photosystem II efficiency (Fv/Fm) all genotypes 27% increase quantum yield across regardless the level. Overall, showed genotype-specific dose-dependent mitigating effects, offering promising strategy improve crop productivity limited environments. These results suggest practical application integrating into sustainable practices, such improving tolerance potentially other crops, maintain adverse climatic

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the Mechanism of Melatonin-Induced Enhancement of Photosystem II Function in Moderate Drought-Stressed Oregano Plants

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(18), P. 2590 - 2590

Published: Sept. 16, 2024

Melatonin (MT) is considered as an antistress molecule that plays a constructive role in the acclimation of plants to both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In present study, we assessed impact 10 100 μM MT foliar spray, on chlorophyll content, photosystem II (PSII) function, under moderate drought stress, oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) plants. Our aim was elucidate molecular mechanism action photosynthetic electron transport process. Foliar spray with more effective mitigating negative PSII compared MT. significantly improved reduced efficiency oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), photoinhibition (Fv/Fm), which were caused by stress. Under MT, water sprayed (WA) leaves, increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) 31%, at growth irradiance (GI, 205 μmol photons m−2 s−1), 13% high (HI, 1000 s−1). However, lower NPQ increase HI demonstrated be decreasing singlet-excited oxygen (1O2) production (−38%), drought-stressed than corresponding decrease 1O2 GI (−20%), respective WA-sprayed leaves drought. The resulted significant quantum yield photochemistry (ΦPSII), rate (ETR), plants, but only (+27%). results suggest enhancement functionality, initiated mechanism, decreased fraction open reaction centers (qp), resulting ETR.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin-Induced Transcriptome Variation of Sweet Potato Under Heat Stress

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 430 - 430

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Melatonin (MT) has been widely recognized for its ability to mitigate the effects of abiotic stress and regulate plant development. In this study, we investigated role exogenous MT in enhancing heat tolerance sweet potato, with a particular focus on capacity alleviate stress-induced damage. treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress, as evidenced by decreased levels hydrogen peroxide, superoxide ions, malondialdehyde (MDA), all which were elevated under stress. To uncover underlying mechanisms, RNA sequencing was performed three experimental groups: control (CK), alone (HS), pre-treatment followed (MH). A total 3491, 3280, 1171 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified CK vs. HS, MH, HS MH comparisons, respectively. notably modulated expression involved redox regulation nicotinate nicotinamide metabolism. Moreover, enhanced associated key signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPK3) hormone signal transduction components, such ethylene response factor (ERF). These findings offer novel insights into mechanisms enhances highlighting regulating antioxidant systems, metabolic signaling. This study presents valuable strategies improving crop resilience

Language: Английский

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Melatonin Alleviates Photosynthetic Injury in Tomato Seedlings Subjected to Salt Stress via OJIP Chlorophyll Fluorescence Kinetics

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 824 - 824

Published: March 6, 2025

The tomato is among the crops with most extensive cultivated area and greatest consumption in our nation; nonetheless, secondary salinization of facility soil significantly hinders sustainable growth agriculture. Melatonin (MT), as an innovative plant regulator, essential stress responses. This research used a hydroponic setup to replicate saline conditions. Different endogenous levels melatonin (MT) were established by foliar spraying 100 μmol·L−1 MT, MT synthesis inhibitor p-CPA (100 μmol·L−1), combination investigate mechanism which mitigates effects salt on photosynthetic efficiency seedlings. Results indicated that after six days stress, content seedlings drastically decreased, declines net rate photosystem performance indices (PItotal PIabs). OJIP fluorescence curve exhibited distortion, characterized anomalous K-band L-band manifestations. Exogenous dramatically enhanced gene (TrpDC, T5H, SNAcT, AcSNMT) expression critical enzymes synthesis, therefore boosting level MT. application parameters. treatment decreased intensities J-phase I-phase under attenuated irregularities performance, concurrently quantum yield energy partitioning ratios. It specifically elevated φPo, φEo, ψo, while decreasing φDo. therapy parameters both membrane model (ABS/RC, DIo/RC, ETo/RC, TRo/RC) leaf (ABS/CSm, TRo/CSm, ETo/CSm, DIo/CSm). Conversely, injection exogenous exacerbated stress-related damage diminished beneficial findings suggest stress-induced photoinhibition (1) modulating concentrations, (2) augmenting PSII reaction center functionality, (3) safeguarding oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), (4) reinstating PSI redox potential, (5) facilitating electron transport, (6) optimizing absorption dissipation. As result, markedly photochemical facilitated development resilience

Language: Английский

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Comparative Analysis of Salt Tolerance and Transcriptomics in Two Varieties of Agropyron desertorum at Different Developmental Stages

Genes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 367 - 367

Published: March 22, 2025

Background: Most of the grasslands in China are experiencing varying degrees degradation, desertification, and salinization (collectively referred to as “three degradations”), posing a serious threat country’s ecological security. Agropyron desertorum, known for its wide distribution, strong adaptability, resistance, is an excellent grass species restoration affected by degradations”. This study focused on two currently popular varieties A. exploring their salt tolerance mechanisms identifying candidate genes alkali tolerance. Methods: Transcriptome sequencing was performed desertorum during seed germination seedling stages under saline–alkali stress. At stage, we measured rate, relative index, injury rate different NaCl concentrations. During physiological indicators, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (PRO), soluble protein (SP), catalase (CAT), were analyzed after exposure 30, 60, 120, 180 mM 12 days. Analysis differentially expressed (DEGs) at 6 24 h post-treatment with 120 revealed significant differences stress responses between cultivars. Results: Our indicates that (Schult.) exhibits higher potential, along lower compared cv. Nordan. Compared Nordan, has tolerance, which related stronger antioxidant activity antioxidant-related pathways. Gene Ontology (GO) Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses used identify key biological processes pathways involved plant hormone signal transduction, defense, cell membrane stability. Conclusions: than Salt concentration 30–60 promotes seeds both The plants mainly overcome damage caused through AsA-GSH pathway. provides valuable insights into molecular lays groundwork future breeding programs aimed improving desert grasses.

Language: Английский

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The Physiological Mechanism of Exogenous Melatonin on Improving Seed Germination and the Seedling Growth of Red Clover (Trifolium pretense L.) under Salt Stress

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(17), P. 2527 - 2527

Published: Sept. 8, 2024

Salt stress can affect various physiological processes in plants, ultimately hindering their growth and development. Melatonin (MT) effectively resist multiple abiotic stresses, improving plant resistance. To analyze the mechanism of exogenous MT to enhance salt tolerance red clover, we conducted a comprehensive study examine influence on parameters, including seed germination indices, seedling morphological traits, photosynthetic indicators, using four distinct clover varieties (H1, H2, H3, H4). This investigation was performed under conditions with differing pH values, specifically utilizing NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, Na2CO3 as stressors. The results showed that solution immersion significantly improved indicators seeds stress. foliar spraying 50 μM 25 increased SOD activity (21–127%), POD activity, soluble sugar content, proline content (22–117%), chlorophyll (2–66%), net rate. It reduced MDA (14–55%) intercellular CO2 concentration seedlings Gray correlation analysis Mantel test further verified is key factor enhancing stress; most significant improvement observed for NaHCO3 demonstrated improve through variety mechanisms, an increase antioxidant enzyme osmoregulation ability, cell membrane stability. Additionally, it improves efficiency architecture, promoting energy production, growth, optimal resource allocation. These mechanisms function synergistically, enabling sustain normal development

Language: Английский

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Effects of Exogenous Spermidine on Seed Germination and Physiological Metabolism of Rice Under NaCl Stress

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(24), P. 3599 - 3599

Published: Dec. 23, 2024

Salt stress is one of the principal abiotic stresses limiting agricultural production and seriously inhibiting seed germination rates. This study selected salt-tolerant rice variety HD961 salt-sensitive 9311 as experimental materials to investigate physiological metabolic effects exogenous Spd priming on seeds seedlings under NaCl stress. The experiment involved treating with 0.1 mmol·L−1 then subjecting them 100 for 24 h, sampling analysis at h four-leaf-one-heart stage. results indicated that stress, rice’s vigor indices significantly decreased. However, reduced accumulation malondialdehyde, enhanced capacity osmotic adjustment, increased amylase antioxidant activity by 50.07% 26.26%, respectively. Under morphological development was markedly inhibited, whereas improved aboveground belowground biomass conditions, well content photosynthetic pigments. It also damage from electrical conductivity, helped maintain ionic balance, promoted excretion Na+ Cl− absorption K+ Ca2+. In 9311, soluble protein 15.12% compared HD961, especially when effect more pronounced. summary, these findings might provide new research perspectives strategies improving salt tolerance

Language: Английский

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Regulation of Exogenous Strigolactone on Storage Substance Metabolism and Endogenous Hormone Levels in the Early Germination Stage of Rice Seeds Under Salt Stress

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 22 - 22

Published: Dec. 27, 2024

Salt stress inhibits rice seed germination. Strigolactone (GR24) plays a vital role in enhancing plant tolerance against salt stress. However, GR24's impact on the metabolism of stored substances and endogenous hormones remains unclear. This study investigated exogenous GR24 during early stages germination under The results showed that significantly reduced rate, potential, index, radicle length, germ fresh dry weights Pre-treatment (1.2 μmol L-1 GR24) inhibition seedling growth. promoted decomposition starch by activities α-amylase, β-amylase, total amylase improved levels soluble sugars proteins conversion rate effectively enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX); increased ascorbic acid (ASA) glutathione (GSH) levels; malondialdehyde (MDA) content. oxidative damage Furthermore, contents strigolactones (SLs), auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), cytokinin (CTK) as well IAA/ABA, CTK/ABA, GA/ABA, SL/ABA ratios abscisic (ABA) levels. current findings indicate mitigates adverse regulating antioxidant enzyme activity hormone balance.

Language: Английский

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