Gels,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
7(4), P. 182 - 182
Published: Oct. 25, 2021
Hydrogels
are
attractive
biomaterials
with
favorable
characteristics
due
to
their
water
uptake
capacity.
However,
hydrogel
properties
determined
by
the
cross-linking
degree
and
nature,
tacticity,
crystallinity
of
polymer.
These
can
be
sorted
out
according
internal
structure
response
external
factors.
In
this
case,
interaction
reversible
when
chains
led
physicochemical
interactions.
physical
hydrogels
synthesized
through
several
techniques
such
as
crystallization,
amphiphilic
copolymers,
charge
interactions,
hydrogen
bonds,
stereo-complexing,
protein
contrast,
irreversible
covalent
cross-linking.
Synthesized
chemical
interactions
present
a
high
density
employed
using
graft
copolymerization,
reactive
functional
groups,
enzymatic
methods.
Moreover,
specific
smart
have
also
been
denoted
response,
pH,
temperature,
electric,
light,
enzyme.
This
review
deeply
details
type
hydrogel,
either
or
response.
Furthermore,
we
detail
some
main
applications
these
in
biomedicine
field,
drug
delivery
systems,
scaffolds
for
tissue
engineering,
actuators,
biosensors,
many
other
applications.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. 1353 - 1366
Published: Dec. 22, 2020
Stimulus-responsive
hydrogels,
such
as
conductive
hydrogels
and
thermoresponsive
have
been
explored
extensively
are
considered
promising
candidates
for
smart
materials
wearable
devices
artificial
muscles.
However,
most
of
the
existing
studies
on
stimulus-responsive
mainly
focused
their
single
property
not
multistimulus-responsive
or
multifunction
properties.
Although
some
works
involved
multifunctionality,
prepared
were
incompatible.
In
this
work,
a
multifunctional
hydrogel
system
(carboxymethyl
cellulose/poly
acrylic-acrylamide)
with
good
elasticity,
superior
flexibility,
stable
conductivity
was
prepared.
The
only
showed
excellent
human
motion
detection
physiological
signal
response
but
also
possessed
ability
to
respond
environmental
temperature
changes.
By
integrating
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
(PNIPAM)
form
bilayer
hydrogel,
functioned
two
kinds
actuators
owing
different
degrees
swelling
shrinking
under
thermal
stimuli.
Furthermore,
thermochromic
properties
each
layer
in
endowed
"smart"
feature,
display
conceal
information.
Therefore,
has
prospects
material
applications,
ionic
skin,
info-window,
soft
robotics.
Polymers for Advanced Technologies,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
32(6), P. 2386 - 2396
Published: Feb. 25, 2021
As
radiation
is
an
essential
tool
in
various
technological
applications,
searching
for
a
suitable
shield
urgent
demand
to
minimize
its
damaging
effects
on
human
beings.
In
this
research
article,
we
report
the
shielding
properties
of
some
commercially
available
polymers
namely
poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide),
polyethylene
terephthalate,
polystyrene,
and
polycarbonate
(denoted
by
P1,
P2,
P3,
P4,
respectively).
The
gamma
ray
attenuation
parameters
are
calculated
using
Geant4
simulation,
PHITS
code,
XCOM
program.
Half
value
layer
(HVL),
linear
coefficient
(LAC),
dose
rate
at
different
energy
levels,
mean
free
path
(MFP),
specific
constant,
effective
atomic
number
(
Z
eff
)
electron
density
N
),
removal
cross
section
fast
neutron,
total
thermal
neutron
investigated
energies
0.01,
0.03,
0.05,
0.07,
0.1
MeV.
results
indicate
that
highest
LAC
values
were
observed
P2
polymer
MeV,
while
lowest
noted
P3
0.01
MeV
among
studied
commercial
polymers.
sections
neutrons
change
from
24.0717
31.8611
cm
−1
.
Moreover,
MFPs
HVLs
very
close
those
ordinary
concrete
RS‐253‐G18
glass,
especially
low
energies.
This
suggests
utility
present
samples
applications
against
and/or
radiations.
Gels,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
8(7), P. 454 - 454
Published: July 20, 2022
A
prominent
research
topic
in
contemporary
advanced
functional
materials
science
is
the
production
of
smart
based
on
polymers
that
may
independently
adjust
their
physical
and/or
chemical
characteristics
when
subjected
to
external
stimuli.
Smart
hydrogels
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
(PNIPAM)
demonstrate
distinct
thermoresponsive
features
close
a
lower
critical
solution
temperature
(LCST)
enhance
capability
various
biomedical
applications
such
as
drug
delivery,
tissue
engineering,
and
wound
dressings.
Nevertheless,
they
have
intrinsic
shortcomings
poor
mechanical
properties,
limited
loading
capacity
actives,
biodegradability.
Formulation
PNIPAM
with
diverse
constituents
develop
hydrogel
composites
an
efficient
scheme
overcome
these
defects,
which
can
significantly
help
for
practicable
application.
This
review
reports
latest
developments
PNIPAM-based
applications.
The
first
section
describes
properties
hydrogels,
followed
by
potential
fields.
Ultimately,
this
summarizes
challenges
opportunities
emerging
area
development
concerning
fascinating
polymer-based
system
deep-rooted
chemistry
material
science.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
34(20)
Published: Dec. 24, 2021
The
rapid
development
of
3D
printing
has
led
to
considerable
progress
in
the
field
biomedical
engineering.
Notably,
4D
provides
a
potential
strategy
achieve
time-dependent
physical
change
within
tissue
scaffolds
or
replicate
dynamic
biological
behaviors
native
tissues
for
smart
regeneration
and
fabrication
medical
devices.
fabricated
stimulus-responsive
structures
can
offer
dynamic,
reprogrammable
deformation
actuation
mimic
complex
physical,
biochemical,
mechanical
processes
tissues.
Although
there
is
notable
made
approach
various
applications,
its
more
broad-scale
adoption
clinical
use
engineering
purposes
complicated
by
limitation
printable
materials
simplistic
nature
achievable
responses
possible
with
current
sources
stimulation.
In
this
review,
recent
discussing
mechanisms
that
are
achieved
great
emphasis
on
ink
actuation,
construct
structural
design,
technologies,
highlighted.
Recent
studies
which
focus
applications
tissue/organ
devices
then
summarized.
Finally,
challenges
future
perspectives
also
discussed.
