Experimental Analysis of Various Blockage Performance for LiDAR Sensor Cleaning Evaluation DOI Creative Commons
Sungho Son,

WoongSu Lee,

HyunGi Jung

et al.

Sensors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 2752 - 2752

Published: March 2, 2023

Autonomous driving includes recognition, judgment, and control technologies, is implemented using sensors such as cameras, LiDAR, radar. However, recognition are exposed to the outside environment their performance may deteriorate because of presence substances that interfere with vision, dust, bird droppings, insects, during operation. Research on sensor cleaning technology solve this degradation has been limited. This study used various types concentrations blockage dryness demonstrate approaches evaluation rates for selected conditions afford satisfactory results. To determine effectiveness washing, following criteria: washer, 0.5 bar/s air, 2 bar/s, 3.5 g being three times test LiDAR window. The found blockage, concentration, most important factors, in order. Additionally, compared new forms those caused by standard dust was a evaluate types. results can be conduct tests ensure reliability economic feasibility.

Language: Английский

Permeable pavements: A possible sink for tyre wear particles and other microplastics? DOI Creative Commons
Lasse Abraham Rasmussen, Jeanette Lykkemark, Theis Raaschou Andersen

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 869, P. 161770 - 161770

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

In this study, seven roads and parking lots were sampled by a road surface cleaning truck approximately 100 kg of particulate material was collected per site. Thereafter, the samples analysed for microplastics, including tyre wear particles. The analyses revealed that constituted 0.09 % dry mass on average. Other plastic types also identified in samples, but at average 49 times lower concentrations compared to Although used residential, industrial, commercial purposes, no correlation between land use total microplastics identified. Of other than particles, polypropylene an important fraction all whereas polymers present various degrees. contents heavy metals, sulphur, organic carbon measured them determined. A back-of-the-envelope estimation indicated retained permeable pavements non-negligible released lots. Therefore, can serve as tool management pollutant.

Language: Английский

Citations

53
Analytical challenges and possibilities for the quantification of tire-road wear particles DOI Creative Commons
Elisabeth S. Rødland, Mats Gustafsson,

David Jaramillo‐Vogel

et al.

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 165, P. 117121 - 117121

Published: June 10, 2023

As one of the largest sources microplastic particle emissions, tire-road wear mixtures (TRWPs) pose a potentially high threat to various environmental compartments. Their heterogenous properties, from varying size, density, shape, texture, elemental and chemical composition, cause challenging analytical workflows. Current methods for TRWP can be summarized in two main groups: single-particle-based bulk-based methods. Both groups include large variation methods, with different demands sampling sample pre-treatment, possible outputs. This review provides an overview current used studies particularly quantifications, focus on that have been peer-reviewed tested samples. The presents possibilities limitations approaches, as well highlighting gaps knowledge information needed move this research field forward.

Language: Английский

Citations

45
Contribution of Road Vehicle Tyre Wear to Microplastics and Ambient Air Pollution DOI Open Access
Barouch Giechaskiel, Theodorοs Grigoratos, Marcel Mathissen

et al.

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 522 - 522

Published: Jan. 7, 2024

Tyre particles are generated by shear forces between the tread and road or volatilisation. abrasion (wear) contributes from one-third to half of microplastics unintentionally released into environment. The major part ends up in soil, a considerable amount is aquatic environment, small percentage becomes airborne. Nevertheless, tyre 5–30% transport particulate matter (PM) emissions. This corresponds approximately 5% total ambient PM particle mass size distribution peak at around 20 100 μm, with second 2–10 μm range. A nucleation mode has been reported some studies. absolute levels depend on tyre, vehicle, characteristics, but also environmental conditions driving style. Most emission factors literature based data prior year 2000. We aggregated recent studies found mean 110 mg/km per vehicle 68 mg/km/t for passenger cars (based 300 measurements). Based limited number studies, PM10 emissions were 1.4–2.2 tyre. On other hand, order 1010 #/km ratio was be 2.5% average. Finally, PM2.5 calculated 40%. Various mitigation measures pollution could envisaged; most direct limitation rate, as proposed European Commission Euro 7 regulation. Other regulatory initiatives discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

42
Retention of microplastics and tyre wear particles in stormwater ponds DOI Creative Commons
Lasse Abraham Rasmussen, Fan Liu, Nanna Dyg Rathje Klemmensen

et al.

Water Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 248, P. 120835 - 120835

Published: Nov. 4, 2023

Stormwater runoff from urban areas contain a wide variety of pollutants which is typically managed using stormwater retention ponds. However, their performance with regards to emerging such as microplastics and tyre wear material remains unclear. In this study, samples effluent water sediments four ponds were analysed for content material. Microplastics state-of-the-art hyperspectral imaging technique while was pyrolysis-GC-MS. recovered in all the mass balance revealed that on average 88% small (<500 µm) retain removal efficiency large (>500 95%. Tyre identified sediment but found below detection limit three out samples. On 95% removed by The results study show are very effective removing well runoff.

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Road markings and microplastics – A critical literature review DOI Open Access
Tomasz E. Burghardt, Anton Pashkevich

Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 119, P. 103740 - 103740

Published: May 5, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

24
Types and concentrations of tire wear particles (TWPs) in road dust generated in slow lanes DOI Creative Commons
Eunji Chae,

Uiyeong Jung,

Sung‐Seen Choi

et al.

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 346, P. 123670 - 123670

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Drivers commonly navigate their vehicles at moderate speeds in proximity to traffic lights. In this study, road dust samples were collected the vicinity of lights, as well a taxi stand (TS) situated between with considerations given both forward direction (FD) and backward (BD). The characterization tire wear particles (TWPs) was meticulously conducted based on particle size. Notably, tire-road (TRWPs) conspicuously absent surpassing 500 μm. Furthermore, TRWPs comprised less than 1% identified 212–500 μm, origin traceable heavy rather passenger cars. abundance from exhibited marked variations, heightened prevalence TS BD opposed FD sample. For smaller 212 composition natural rubber (NR) TWPs demonstrated diminishing trend escalating Conversely, styrene-butadiene (SBR) an upward trajectory independent sampling site. NR ratio followed order: (17–55%) > (17–47%) (13–36%), while SBR sequence: (62–86%) (48–79%) (24–70%). TWP concentrations obtained (0.35–0.82%) discernibly lower those (0.54–1.77%) (0.61–1.29%) samples. Specifically, average samples, falling within size range 20–212 0.45%, 1.06%, 0.91% for TS, FD, respectively. These corresponding values observed bus stop.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Quantification of microplastic by particle size down to 1.1 μm in surface road dust in an urban city, Japan DOI Creative Commons
T. Morioka, Shuhei Tanaka, Yuta Yamada

et al.

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 334, P. 122198 - 122198

Published: July 13, 2023

The impact of microplastics (MPs, plastic particles ≤5 mm) on ecosystems is great concern. Road surfaces represent a significant source MPs where fragments are physically and chemically reduced to MPs. However, the literature lacks information fragmentation tendencies below 11 μm. This study aimed characterize occurrence in road dust different size fractions down 1.1 was collected at five sites near major Kusatsu city, Japan, partitioned by into 13 (1.1-850 μm). coarser accounted for greater proportion dust. percentage organic matter, determined loss ignition, increased as became finer. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry used quantify 12 types polymers each fraction. found contain nine MP, namely, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylchloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), styrene/butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene resin (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyamide 66 (PA66). total MP concentration particle fraction (concentrationf) began increase from 125-250 μm remained elevated finer μm, indicating that micronized least individual polymer types, tendency concentrationf or decrease with varied: some polymers, such PE PVC, μm; SBR, rubber-MP, showed stable decreasing trend 7.0-11 Particles PE, other plastics might become increasingly finer, even Further research needed understand comminution limits these under pertinent environmental conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

19
Quantifying the influence of size, shape, and density of microplastics on their transport modes: A modeling approach DOI
Yi-Ting Huang, Ziyi Yang, Tianbo Wang

et al.

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 203, P. 116461 - 116461

Published: May 15, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Characteristics of tire-road wear particles (TRWPs) and road pavement wear particles (RPWPs) generated through a novel tire abrasion simulator based on real road pavement conditions DOI Creative Commons

Seok-Hu Bae,

Eunji Chae, Yongsoo Park

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 944, P. 173948 - 173948

Published: June 15, 2024

Microparticles such as tire-road wear particles (TRWPs) and road pavement (RPWPs) are generated by the friction between tire tread surface. TRWPs RPWPs on roads dispersed through traffic transferred to rivers seas via runoff accumulate in sediments. However, research generation of both TRWP RPWP has rarely been conducted. In this study, was investigated using a novel abrasion simulator equipped with paved bus tire, their contributions microparticles were examined. Two types model roads, asphalt concrete pavements (AP CP, respectively), applied. from exhibited morphologies very similar those real roads. The rate for CP 2.8 times higher than that AP. particle size distributions peaked at ranges 63-106 μm 212-500 AP respectively. Totals 84 wt% 89 distributed 38-212 106-1000 CP. (TWP) contents total 38-500 21.7 30.0 respectively, decreased decreased. weight TWP TRWP. Contributions 3.6 2.3 contribution increased

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Adapting Methods for Isolation and Enumeration of Microplastics to Quantify Tire Road Wear Particles with Confirmation by Pyrolysis GC–MS DOI
Kayli Paterson, Barbara Beckingham,

G. Momplaisir

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

The complex, varied composition (i.e., rubbers/elastomers, carbon black, fillers, additives, and embedded road materials) wide density range of tire wear particles (TRWPs) present challenges for their isolation identification from environmental matrices. Reliable quantification is important understanding the fate potential adverse effects TRWPs. To address monitoring needs, work adapts a series steps methods commonly applied microplastic analysis single-particle-level enumeration TRWPs samples. We method performance two-stage separation with saturated NaCl sodium polytungstate to isolate sediment matrices, compatibility microrubber reagents used digestion use elasticity heat resistance observations differentiate bitumen particulates, which are visual interference. found that alkaline digestions (NaOH KOH) compatible microrubbers, but hydrogen peroxide hypochlorite can cause lose flatten or break when probed. adapted were dust samples, subset identified was qualitatively confirmed by both scanning electron microscopy pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Further, compilation aspect ratio measurements between 63 500 μm (N = 780) isolated urban sediments shows diversity TRWP shapes in environment.

Language: Английский

Citations

1