A review of nanomaterials for biosensing applications

Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1168 - 1193

Published: Dec. 21, 2023

A biosensor is a device that reacts with the analyte to be analyzed, detects its concentration, and generates readable information, which plays an important role in medical diagnosis, detection of physiological indicators, disease prevention. Nanomaterials have received increasing attention fabrication improvement biosensors due their unique physicochemical optical properties. In this paper, properties nanomaterials such as size effect, electrical properties, advantages field biosensing are briefly summarized, application can effectively improve sensitivity reduce limit biosensors. The commonly used gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), quantum dots (QDs), graphene, magnetic nanobeads for applications also reviewed. Besides, two main types using involved construction working principles described, toxicity biocompatibility future direction nanomaterial discussed.

Language: Английский

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Graphene-Enabled Multiresonator Metasurfaces for Ultrasensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Detection of Waterborne Bacteria Across Multiple Frequencies with Machine Learning Optimization

Plasmonics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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FinFET to GAA MBCFET: A Review and Insights

IEEE Access, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. 50556 - 50577

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This review article presents a journey from Fin-shaped field effect transistor (FinFET) to gate-all-around multi-bridge channel (GAA MBCFET) technology, unraveling the evolution of semiconductor architectures. provides concise yet insightful overview development FinFET, exploring modified architectures, current trends, and associated constraints. The growing importance other materials instead Si in FinFET or technologies has been studied detail. explores an emerging technology called 'GAA MBCFET', highlighting its advantages over FinFET. It also delves into notable drawbacks complex fabrication challenges with upcoming GAA MBCFET technology.

Language: Английский

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Ultraprecise Detection of Influenza Virus by Antibody-Modified Graphene Transistors

Sensors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 959 - 959

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Over the past decade, large-scale spread of influenza viruses has posed an increasing burden on public health. The effective screening agents requires a fast, precise, on-site and easy-to-operate method. Unfortunately, current methods face challenges in speed accuracy, especially complex settings. Here, this work develops nucleoprotein antibody-modified graphene field-effect transistor (NPAb-GFET) for rapid highly precise detection A viruses. functionalized monoclonal antibodies capture virus within 100 × 10−9 s sensing surface. Therefore, developed NPAb-GFET achieves average response time 72.1 when detecting clinical samples. Furthermore, testing 106 throat swab samples exhibits accuracy 99.1%. This finding provides valuable diagnostic tool control viruses, accelerating population-wide other epidemics.

Language: Английский

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Silicon-Based Biosensors: A Critical Review of Silicon’s Role in Enhancing Biosensing Performance

Biosensors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 119 - 119

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

This review into recent advancements in silicon-based technology, with a particular emphasis on the biomedical applications of silicon sensors. Owing to their diminutive size, high sensitivity, and intrinsic compatibility electronic systems, sensors have found widespread utilization across healthcare, industrial, environmental monitoring domains. In realm sensing, has demonstrated significant potential enhance human health outcomes while simultaneously driving progress microfabrication techniques for multifunctional device development. The systematically examines versatile roles fabrication electrodes, sensing channels, substrates. Silicon electrodes are widely used electrochemical biosensors glucose neural activity recording, channels field-effect transistor enable detection cancer biomarkers small molecules. Porous substrates applied optical label-free protein pathogen detection. Key challenges this field, including interaction biomolecules, economic barriers miniaturization, issues related signal stability, critically analyzed. Proposed strategies address these improve sensor functionality reliability also discussed. Furthermore, article explores emerging developments biosensors, particularly integration wearable technologies. pivotal role artificial intelligence (AI) enhancing performance, functionality, real-time capabilities is highlighted. provides comprehensive overview current state, challenges, future directions field

Language: Английский

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An FPGA-Based SiNW-FET Biosensing System for Real-Time Viral Detection: Hardware Amplification and 1D CNN for Adaptive Noise Reduction

Sensors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 236 - 236

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Impedance-based biosensing has emerged as a critical technology for high-sensitivity biomolecular detection, yet traditional approaches often rely on bulky, costly impedance analyzers, limiting their portability and usability in point-of-care applications. Addressing these limitations, this paper proposes an advanced system integrating Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor (SiNW-FET) biosensor with high-gain amplification circuit 1D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) implemented FPGA hardware. This attempt combines SiNW-FET FPGA-implemented deep learning noise reduction, creating compact capable of real-time viral detection minimal computational latency. The integration CNN model hardware adaptive, non-linear filtering sets design apart from conventional by achieving high accuracy low power consumption portable format. FPGA-based reduction offers unique approach, prior techniques biosensors typically linear or digital smoothing, which lack adaptive capabilities complex, patterns. By introducing the FPGA, architecture enables real-time, high-fidelity preserving signal characteristics without compromising processing speed. Notably, findings presented work are based exclusively comprehensive simulations using COMSOL MATLAB, no physical prototypes biomarker experiments were conducted. biosensor, functionalized antibodies specific to antigens, detects shifts caused antibody–antigen interactions, providing highly sensitive platform detection. A folded-cascade amplifier enhances Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) approximately 70 dB, verified through MATLAB simulations. Additionally, is employed out patterns approximate 75% across broad frequency range. model, Altera DE2 high-throughput, low-latency processing, making viable Performance evaluations confirmed proposed system’s capability enhance SNR significantly while maintaining energy-efficient suitable diagnostics. integrated thus provides powerful solution high-precision, continuous health monitoring, advancing role accessible

Language: Английский

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Preparation and photoelectric properties of Si:B nanowires with thermal evaporation method

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. e0316576 - e0316576

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

We have successfully prepared a significant number of nanowires from non-toxic silicon sources. Compared to the SiO source used in most other articles, our preparation method is much safer. It provides simple and harmless new for nanowires. SiNWs (Silicon nanowires), as novel type nanomaterial, exhibit many outstanding properties, including quantum confinement effect, tunneling, Coulomb blocking exceptional electrical optical properties. The study therefore highly significant. In this paper, 2 powder, Si B O 3 powder were utilized raw materials prepare with diameters ranging 30–60 nm lengths several hundred nanometers tens microns. resulting uniform morphology, smooth surfaces, are produced considerable yield. morphology structure characterized using XRD, SEM, HRTEM, SAED, EDS, Raman spectroscopy. results indicate that pure, uniform, polycrystalline structure. PL (photoluminescence) spectra show pronounced UV emission peak at 346 nm, optimal excitation wavelength being 234 nm. Measurements Keithley 2601B demonstrate resistivity 4.292 × 10 8 Ω·cm. Further studies reveal properties influenced by their size surface state. These findings implications understanding luminescent mechanism potential applications optoelectronics biomedicine. This paper serves reference characterization SiNWs, highlighting use various applications, biomedical imaging, sensors, optoelectronic devices.

Language: Английский

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High-Performance Gate-All-Around Field Effect Transistors Based on Orderly Arrays of Catalytic Si Nanowire Channels

Nano-Micro Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Abstract Gate-all-around field-effect transistors (GAA-FETs) represent the leading-edge channel architecture for constructing state-of-the-art high-performance FETs. Despite advantages offered by GAA configuration, its application to catalytic silicon nanowire (SiNW) channels, known facile low-temperature fabrication and high yield, has faced challenges primarily due issues with precise positioning alignment. In exploring this promising avenue, we employed an in-plane solid–liquid-solid (IPSLS) growth technique batch-fabricate orderly arrays of ultrathin SiNWs, diameters D NW = 22.4 ± 2.4 nm interwire spacing 90 nm. An in situ channel-releasing been developed well preserve geometry integrity suspended SiNW arrays. By optimizing source/drain contacts, GAA-FET devices have successfully fabricated, based on these channels first time, yielding a on/off current ratio 10 7 steep subthreshold swing 66 mV dec −1 , closing performance gap between SiNW-FETs GAA-FETs fabricated using advanced top-down EBL EUV lithography. These results indicate that IPSLS SiNWs can also serve as ideal 1D scalable GAA-FETs, suited monolithic 3D integrations.

Language: Английский

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Simulation of Current-Voltage Characteristics in Double-Gate Field-Effect Transistor Using ZnO Nanowires

Mechanisms and machine science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 295 - 307

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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A Review of Readout Circuit Schemes Using Silicon Nanowire Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors for pH-Sensing Applications

Biosensors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 206 - 206

Published: March 22, 2025

This paper reviews various design approaches for sensing schemes that utilize silicon nanowire (SiNW) ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) pH-sensing applications. SiNW ISFETs offer advantageous characteristics, including a high surface-to-volume ratio, fast response time, and suitability integration with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. review focuses on ISFET-based biosensors in three key aspects: (1) major fabrication processes device structures; (2) theoretical analysis of performance parameters readout circuits such as sensitivity, linearity, noise immunity, output range different system configurations; (3) an overview existing quantitative evaluations N-type P-type current-mirror-based circuits, highlighting their strengths limitations. Finally, this proposes modified scheme integrating operational amplifier negative feedback network to overcome the low sensitivity conventional circuits. enhances gain control, immunity while maintaining stability. These advancements are expected contribute advancement current state-of-the-art

Language: Английский

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