The environmental health impacts of Russia’s war on Ukraine

Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Abstract Background Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 ignited the largest armed conflict Europe since World War II. Ukrainian government agencies, civil society organizations, and international agencies have gathered an unprecedented amount data about impact war on environment, which is often silent victim war. We review these highlight limitations governance for protection environment during time Methods performed integrative academic, institutional, media information resources using search terms “Ukraine”, “Russia”, “war”, “environment”, “health”, “human rights”, “international humanitarian law”, human rights “ecocide”, “war crimes”. Main text Nearly 500,000 military personnel been killed or wounded war, more than 30,000 civilians injured. Indirect health effects likely accounted even greater civilian morbidity mortality. The has displaced 11 million people. forces caused extensive damage to infrastructure. devastated Ukraine’s economy reduced food energy security many countries. $56.4 billion environment. There widespread chemical contamination air, water, soil, 30% contaminated with landmines unexploded ordnance. Landscape destruction, shelling, wildfires, deforestation, pollution adversely affected protected areas. seizure Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant destruction Nova Kakhovka Dam posed risks long-term environmental catastrophe. Most impacts threaten health. Conclusion In addition enormous costs, had devastating natural built International law mandates that methods warfare must be implemented due regard preservation A just lasting peace necessitates, among other requirements, rebuilding restoration consequences all wars need investigated effective measures protect

Language: Английский

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Impacts of war on Ukrainian nature

International Journal of Environmental Studies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(1), P. 455 - 462

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

The network of nature reserves that has been a centrepiece Ukraine's environmental policy devastated by Russian aggression. Violation their integrity threatens endemic species and irreplaceable ecosystems; indeed, entire ecosystems have lost; extensive fires, illegal logging, mechanical damage chemical contamination the soil cover are responsible for critical reduction in forest cover, degradation water conservation recreational functions reserve fund. Measures proposed to make best bad situation at local level, as well ways prevent bigger ecological catastrophe.

Language: Английский

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Satellite-Based Analysis of Air Pollution Trends in Khartoum before and After the Conflict

Annals of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 001 - 011

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

This study investigates the impact of socio-political disruptions on air quality in Khartoum, Sudan, focusing key pollutants: Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂), and Sulfur (SO₂). Using Sentinel-5P satellite data (2020–2024) processed Google Earth Engine (GEE), spatial temporal variations pollutant levels were analyzed before after a significant war event April 2023. The methodology included acquisition, preprocessing (e.g., cloud masking, filtering), monthly averages computation, visualization, statistical analysis using ArcGIS Pro, Microsoft Excel. Results showed marked post-war increase AOD levels, attributed to infrastructure destruction, fires, diminished industrial oversight, alongside spatially consistent pollution patterns some regions. CO concentrations exhibited an overall decline due reduced activities transportation, though localized anomalies linked concentrated emissions. Similarly, NO₂ dropped significantly, reflecting vehicular activities, while sporadic increases suggested emissions like generator use. SO₂ demonstrated mixed trends, with mean but increased variability, indicating high-emission events emergency fuel use or conflict-related disruptions. uniquely combines high-resolution advanced techniques reveal nuanced multi-pollutant conflicts providing novel insights into environmental repercussions armed conflicts. These findings highlight profound atmospheric dynamics, underscoring need for robust urban planning, targeted monitoring, policies mitigate deterioration address public health concerns conflict-prone emphasizes importance satellite-based monitoring provide critical upheavals.

Language: Английский

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Impact of war on the environment: ecocide

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

This paper reviews the militaristic consequences on Mother Earth and in particular ecocide or mass degradation of biological forms regards to war. Wars are recorded from ancient Egyptian dynasty modern era, all left concerning effects mother nature such as deforestation, loss biodiversity, soil erosion, water, air pollution. Some conflicts that especially noted Vietnam War, Gulf contemporary wars Ukraine which considered examples today’s context. To provide a clearer understanding our methodology, we employed comprehensive literature review approach. involved systematically analyzing existing studies document environmental impacts warfare across various historical conflicts. We categorized findings based specific consequences, biodiversity loss, Additionally, incorporated case significant illustrate patterns ecocide. The looks at how hazard is performed through direct destructive activities like bombings migration populations their needs socio-economic pursuits. Legal instruments those international level law developing crime also examined for problem ecological injustice. Finally, rehabilitation reconstruction measures including community-based efforts reforestation restoration ecosystems. finally ends by advocating threats calling cooperation treaties no post-war countries.

Language: Английский

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Remotely visible impacts on air quality after a year-round full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine

Atmospheric Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(11), P. 101912 - 101912

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

A full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine caused large devastation, including significant pressure on the environment. Numerous missile strikes industrial facilities, wildfires near front-line, use military equipment, and other accidents various processes resulting from war have impacted air quality. In this paper, we aim to assess changes in pollution following a year-long period based nitrogen dioxide (NO2) carbon monoxide (CO) content derived TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) data. The general quality were often uncertain for much territory due meteorological influence favorable conditions accumulation or dispersion. most crucial observed during first months war, showing decrease NO2 levels major cities, increase close borders, eastern northeastern Ukraine, elevated CO over front-line. impact cities varied depending their distance availability critical infrastructure, "occupied – non-occupied" status. essential role remote sensing is discussed as assessing long well detecting short-term releases pollutants, which can be important identifying accidental events.

Language: Английский

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Spatio-temporal evaluation of air pollution using ground-based and satellite data during COVID-19 in Ecuador

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. e28152 - e28152

Published: March 21, 2024

The concentration of gases in the atmosphere is a topic growing concern due to its effects on health, ecosystems etc. Its monitoring commonly carried out through ground stations which offer high precision and temporal resolution. However, countries with few stations, such as Ecuador, these data fail adequately describe spatial variability pollutant concentrations. Remote sensing have great potential solve this complication. This study evaluates spatiotemporal distribution nitrogen dioxide (NO2) ozone (O3) concentrations Quito Cuenca, using obtained from ground-based Sentinel-5 Precursor mission sources during years 2019 2020. Moreover, Linear Regression Model (LRM) was employed analyze correlation between satellite datasets, revealing positive associations for O3 (R2 = 0.83, RMSE 0.18) NO2 0.25) Quito; 0.74, 0.23) NO2, 0.73, Cuenca. agreement datasets analyzed by employing intra-class coefficient (ICC), reflecting good them (ICC ≥0.57); Bland Altman coefficients, showed low bias that more than 95% differences are within limits agreement. Furthermore, investigated impact COVID-19 pandemic-related restrictions, social distancing isolation, atmospheric conditions. categorized into three periods 2020: before (from January 1st March 15th), 16th May 17th), after 18th December 31st). A 51% decrease recorded while experienced 14.7% decrease. tropospheric column decreased 27.3% Cuenca 15.1% Quito. an increasing trend, rising 0.42% 0.11% respectively, 14.4%. increase 10.5%. Finally, reduction chemical species consequence mobility restrictions highlighted. compared station Despite differing units preventing validation, it verified Sentinel-5P satellite's effectiveness anomaly detection. Our research's value lies applicability developing countries, may lack extensive networks, demonstrating use technology urban planning.

Language: Английский

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Environment and health hazards due to military metal pollution: A review

Environmental Nanotechnology Monitoring & Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20, P. 100857 - 100857

Published: July 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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Implications of Russia–Ukraine war on land surface temperature and air quality: long-term and short-term analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(34), P. 46357 - 46375

Published: March 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Forecasting Air Quality in Kiev During 2022 Military Conflict Using Sentinel 5P and Optimized Machine Learning

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61, P. 1 - 10

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Recent studies have demonstrated that the Ukraine-Russia war has incurred evident changes to anthropogenic activities in Kiev metropolis. Hence, this work employs Sentinel 5P imagery and a novel artificial intelligence model for predicting air pollution Kiev. A well-known machine learning model, namely multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) is coupled with electromagnetic field optimization (EFO) algorithm predict daily concentration of particulate matter 2.5 (PM _2.5 ). Initially, dataset prepared by collecting eleven meteorological, atmospheric, temporal factors from remote sensing ground measurements. Then, principal component analysis (PCA) used determine most contributive create reduced dataset. Four scenarios are defined considering reduced/original dataset, along with, current day/one-day-ahead PM . sensitivity revealed accurate results were achieved one-day-ahead using After adjusting EFO-MLPNN hybrid its performance compared classical MLPNN adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). According results, root mean square error (RMSE) 6.68 μg m ^-3 Pearson correlation coefficient (R xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p ) 0.82 outperformed both ANFIS outcomes. These findings infer optimizing EFO, it’s prediction accuracy can be improved. The proposed therefore recommended more practical quality estimation decision-making studied site. Lastly, monolithic neural-based formula extracted explicit

Language: Английский

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Air Pollution Patterns Mapping of SO2, NO2, and CO Derived from TROPOMI over Central-East Europe

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1565 - 1565

Published: March 13, 2023

The analysis of changes in the level air pollution concentration allows for control quality and its compliance with normative requirements. Currently, every country Europe implements monitoring. However, during emergencies areas that are often difficult to monitor, only source information is geospatial data obtained by means Earth observation techniques. aims this study were estimate amounts pollutant concentrations develop a pattern spatiotemporal Central Eastern Poland Ukraine. Due ongoing military operations Ukraine, it an area access. Pollution from industrial facilities, fires, collapsed buildings, use explosive weapons poses threat quality. Additionally, impact war on levels remains unclear. This work characterized distribution sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide carbon monoxide 2018–2022 local zones both countries. Publicly available TROPOMI-S5 satellite used study, which compared measurements ground stations Poland. It has been estimated NO2 (+0.67 ± 0.47 µmol/m2) increased SO2 CO have decreased studied areas: (−161.67 5.48 µmol/m2, −470.85 82.81 Ukraine (−32.56 23.51 −438.04 80.76 µmol/m2). −0.28 0.21 µmol/m2.

Language: Английский

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