The Mechanisms of Cadmium Toxicity in Living Organisms

Toxics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 875 - 875

Published: Nov. 30, 2024

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal primarily found as by-product of zinc production. Cd was proven carcinogen, and exposure to this has been linked various adverse health effects, which were first reported in the mid-19th century thoroughly investigated by 20th century. The toxicokinetics dynamics reveal its propensity for long biological retention predominant storage soft tissues. Until 1950s, pollution caused industrial activities, whereas nowadays, main source phosphate fertilizers, strongly contaminate soil water affect human ecosystems. enters body mainly through ingestion inhalation, with food tobacco smoke being primary sources. It accumulates organs, particularly kidney liver, known cause severe problems, including renal dysfunction, bone diseases, cardiovascular many others. On cellular level, disrupts numerous processes, inducing oxidative stress generation DNA damage. This comprehensive review explores pollution, accumulation, distribution, impacts on bacteria, fungi, edible mushrooms, plants, animals, humans molecular level. Molecular aspects carcinogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, specific gene expression, protein synthesis, ROS formation discussed well. paper also summarizes how removed from contaminated environments body.

Language: Английский

The mediation effect of Systemic Immunity Inflammation Index between urinary metals and TOFAT among adults in the NHANES dataset

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

Abstract Background: Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index (SII) is a novel indicator of inflammation. However, no studies have reported the effect SII on association between metals and total fat (TOFAT). We aim to investigate mediated relationship urinary TOFAT in US adult population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults with complete information SII, urine metal concentrations, from 2011-2018 National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multifactorial logistic regression restricted cubic splines were used explore levels TOFAT. Furthermore, serial mediation analyses mediating Results: A 3324 subjects included this study. After adjusting for covariates, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), cesium (Cs), inorganic mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb) had negative significant decreased trends odds ratios (all P trend < 0.05). In population, we found that Cd, Co, Tu positive [ β = 34.67 (95%CI: 1.65, 67.70); 54.49 12.20, 96.78); 29.46 1.67, 57.24)], whereas As Hg SII. The results analysis showed effects associations Co TOFAT, beta coefficient 0.8% 0.2, 0.5%; 0.020). not statistically As, > Conclusions: Our findings suggested exposure would directly decrease level increase completely by which mainly exerted females rather than males.

Language: Английский