Journal of Animal Science and Technology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
64(4), P. 640 - 653
Published: July 1, 2022
Deoxynivalenol
(DON)
is
the
most
common
mycotoxin
contaminant
of
cereal-based
food
and
animal
feed.
The
toxicity
DON
very
low
compared
to
that
other
toxins;
however,
prominent
signs
exposure
include
inappetence
body
weight
loss,
which
causes
considerable
economic
losses
in
livestock
industry.
This
review
summarizes
critical
studies
on
biological
mitigation
strategies
respective
vitro
vivo
intestinal
effects.
Focus
areas
growth
performance,
gut
health
terms
histomorphology,
epithelial
barrier
functions,
immune
system
microflora,
short-chain
fatty
acid
production
intestines.
In
addition,
detoxification
modulation
these
parameters,
through
supplements,
are
discussed.
Biological
using
microorganisms
can
attenuate
by
modulating
microbiota
improving
with
or
without
influencing
performance
pigs.
However,
use
as
feed
additives
for
mycotoxins
needs
more
research
before
commercial
use.
Foods,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(10), P. 1401 - 1401
Published: May 12, 2022
The
gut
of
warm-blooded
animals
is
colonized
by
microbes
possibly
constituting
at
least
100
times
more
genetic
material
microbial
cells
than
that
the
somatic
host.
These
have
a
profound
effect
on
several
physiological
functions
ranging
from
energy
metabolism
to
immune
response
host,
particularly
those
associated
with
system.
newly
hatched
chick
typically
sterile
but
rapidly
in
environment,
undergoing
cycles
development.
Several
factors
such
as
diet,
region
gastrointestinal
tract,
housing,
and
genetics
can
influence
composition
an
individual
bird
confer
distinctive
microbiome
signature
bird.
be
modified
supplementation
probiotics,
prebiotics,
or
synbiotics.
Supplementing
these
additives
prevent
dysbiosis
caused
stress
infection,
heat
stress,
toxins
cause
dysbiosis.
mechanism
action
beneficial
effects
probiotics
vary
depending
strains
used.
However,
it
difficult
establish
relationship
between
host
health
productivity
due
high
variability
flocks
environmental,
nutritional,
factors.
This
review
compiles
information
microbiota,
dysbiosis,
postbiotics,
synbiotics,
which
are
capable
modifying
microbiota
elaborates
interaction
chicken
commensals,
system,
their
consequent
productivity.
Factors
considered
unexplored
potential
engineering
poultry
addressing
public
concerns
zoonosis
industry
discussed.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: April 13, 2021
Fungi
are
ubiquitous
organisms
that
thrive
in
diverse
natural
environments
including
soils,
plants,
animals,
and
the
human
body.
In
response
to
warmth,
humidity,
moisture,
certain
fungi
which
grow
on
crops
harvested
foodstuffs
can
produce
mycotoxins;
secondary
metabolites
when
ingested
have
a
deleterious
impact
health.
Ongoing
research
indicates
some
mycotoxins
and,
more
recently,
peptide
toxins
also
produced
during
active
fungal
infection
humans
experimental
models.
A
combination
of
innate
adaptive
immune
recognition
allows
host
eliminate
invading
pathogens
from
However,
imbalances
homeostasis
often
facilitate
microbial
infection.
Despite
wide-ranging
effects
health,
our
understanding
toxin-mediated
modulation
responses
is
incomplete.
This
review
will
explore
current
how
they
contribute
immunity.
Toxins,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(8), P. 572 - 572
Published: Aug. 16, 2021
Exposure
to
mycotoxins
is
a
worldwide
concern
as
their
occurrence
unavoidable
and
varies
among
geographical
regions.
Mycotoxins
can
affect
the
performance
quality
of
livestock
production
act
carriers
putting
human
health
at
risk.
Feed
be
contaminated
by
various
fungal
species,
co-occurrence,
modified
emerging
are
centre
modern
mycotoxin
research.
Preventing
mould
contamination
almost
impossible;
it
necessary
for
producers
implement
comprehensive
management
program
moderate
these
risks
along
animal
feed
supply
chain
in
an
HACCP
perspective.
The
objective
this
paper
suggest
innovative
integrated
system
handling
chain,
with
emphasis
on
novel
strategies
control.
Specific
selected
technologies,
such
nanotechnologies,
protocols
reported
promising
sustainable
options
implementing
control,
prevention,
management.
Further
research
should
concentrated
methods
determine
multi-contaminated
samples,
mycotoxins.
Toxins,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(2), P. 90 - 90
Published: Jan. 25, 2022
Deoxynivalenol
(DON)
is
a
toxic
secondary
metabolite
produced
by
fungi
that
contaminates
many
crops,
mainly
wheat,
maize,
and
barley.
It
affects
animal
health,
causing
intestinal
barrier
impairment
immunostimulatory
effect
in
low
doses
emesis,
reduction
feed
conversion
rate,
immunosuppression
high
doses.
As
it
very
hard
to
completely
avoid
DON’s
production
the
field,
mitigatory
methods
have
been
developed.
Biodegradation
has
become
promising
method
as
new
microorganisms
are
studied
enzymatic
routes
described.
Understanding
common
root
of
bacteria
with
DON
degradation
capability
relationship
their
place
isolation
may
bring
insights
for
more
effective
ways
find
DON-degrading
microorganisms.
The
purpose
this
review
an
overview
occurrence,
regulation,
metabolism,
toxicology
addressed
recent
publications
focusing
on
production,
well
explore
described
phylogenetic
among
them.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: July 29, 2022
Ochratoxin
A
(OTA)
and
aflatoxin
B1
(AFB1)
are
often
co-contaminated,
but
their
synergistic
toxicity
in
poultry
is
limitedly
described.
Furthermore,
the
traditional
ad
libitum
feeding
model
may
fail
to
distinguish
specific
impact
of
mycotoxins
on
biomarkers
indirect
effect
mildew
palatability
feed.
pair-feeding
was
introduced
investigate
combined
OTA
AFB1,
which
were
independent
dependent
feed
intake,
respectively.
total
180
one-day-old
pullets
randomly
divided
into
3
groups
with
6
replicates,
each
replicate
contained
10
chicks.
The
control
group
(Group
A)
B)
received
basal
diet
without
mycotoxin
contamination.
Group
C
administrated
OTA-
AFB1-contaminated
(101.41
μg/kg
+
20.10
AFB1).
scale
B
matched
intake
C.
trial
lasted
42
days.
Compared
group,
co-contamination
AFB1
could
adversely
affect
growth
performance
(average
daily
(ADFI),
body
weight
(BW),
average
gain
(ADG),
conversion
ratio
(FCR),
shank
length
(SL)),
decrease
relative
spleen
(
p
<
0.01),
increase
kidney
0.01).
Moreover,
reduction
also
(BW,
ADG,
SL),
not
as
severely
do.
Apart
from
that,
activated
antioxidative
inflammation
reactions
chicks,
increasing
level
catalase
(CAT),
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS),
interleukin-8
(IL-8)
while
decreasing
IL-10
weakly
influenced
by
reduction.
In
addition,
induced
histopathological
changes
apoptosis
liver
well
stimulated
pernicious
bacteria
cause
toxic
effects.
There
no
group.
had
more
severe
effects
than
merely
reducing
supply.
However,
proper
improve
pullets’
physical
health
enriching
Lactobacillus
,
Phascolarctobacterium
Bacteroides
Parabacteroides
Barnesiella
.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(4), P. 819 - 819
Published: March 28, 2023
Aflatoxin
B1
(AFB1)
is
a
common
mycotoxin
that
widely
occurs
in
feed
and
has
severe
hepatotoxic
effects
both
humans
animals.
Total
flavonoids
of
Rhizoma
Drynaria
(TFRD),
traditional
Chinese
medicinal
herb,
have
multiple
biological
activities
potential
hepatoprotective
activity.
This
study
investigated
the
protective
mechanisms
TFRD
against
AFB1-induced
liver
injury.
The
results
revealed
supplementation
with
markedly
lessened
broiler
intestinal
permeability
by
increasing
expression
tight
junction
proteins,
as
well
correcting
changes
gut
microbiota
damage
induced
AFB1.
Metabolomics
analysis
alterations
plasma
metabolites,
especially
taurolithocholic
acid,
were
significantly
improved
treatment
AFB1-exposed
chickens.
In
addition,
these
metabolites
closely
associated
[Ruminococcus],
ACC,
GPX1,
indicating
AFB1
may
cause
injury
inducing
bile
acid
metabolism
involving
microbiota-gut-liver
axis.
We
further
found
suppressed
oxidative
stress
hepatic
lipid
deposition,
increased
glutathione
(GSH)
concentrations,
reversed
ferroptosis
gene
expression.
Collectively,
findings
indicate
might
contribute
to
hepatotoxicity
chickens
through
axis
interaction
mechanisms;
furthermore,
was
confirmed
an
herbal
extract
could
potentially
antagonize
mycotoxins
detrimental
effects.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(22), P. 12269 - 12269
Published: Nov. 12, 2021
Fungi
represent
one
of
the
most
diverse
and
abundant
eukaryotes
on
earth.
The
interplay
between
mold
exposure
host
immune
system
is
still
not
fully
elucidated.
Literature
research
focusing
up-to-date
publications
providing
a
heterogenous
picture
evidence
opinions
regarding
role
mycotoxins
in
development
diseases.
While
induction
allergic
responses
by
molds
generally
acknowledged,
other
direct
health
effects
like
toxic
syndrome
are
controversially
discussed.
However,
recent
observations
indicate
particular
importance
mold/mycotoxin
individuals
with
pre-existing
dysregulation
system,
due
to
exacerbation
underlying
pathophysiology
including
non-allergic
chronic
inflammatory
diseases,
autoimmune
disorders,
even
human
immunodeficiency
virus
(HIV)
disease
progression.
In
this
review,
we
focus
impact
their
progression
dysregulation.
This
complemented
experimental
vivo
vitro
findings
present
cellular
molecular
modes
action.
Furthermore,
discuss
hypothetical
mechanisms
action,
where
missing
since
much
remains
be
discovered.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Aug. 25, 2022
With
socioeconomic
advances
and
improved
living
standards,
metabolic
syndrome
has
increasingly
come
into
the
attention.
In
recent
decades,
a
growing
number
of
studies
have
shown
that
gut
microbiome
its
metabolites
are
closely
related
to
occurrence
development
many
diseases,
play
an
important
role
cannot
be
ignored,
for
instance,
obesity,
type
2
diabetes
(T2DM),
non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD),
cardiovascular
others.
The
correlation
between
microbiota
disorder
been
widely
recognized.
Metabolic
could
cause
imbalance
in
microbiota,
disturbance
aggravate
as
well.
Berberine
(BBR),
natural
ingredient,
plays
treatment
disorder.
Studies
BBR
can
alleviate
pathological
conditions
disorders,
mechanism
is
regulation
microbiota:
regulate
absorption
utilization
berberine
body;
meanwhile,
structure
function
also
changed
after
intervention
by
berberine.
Therefore,
we
summarize
relevant
research,
including
expressions
nitroreductases-producing
bacteria
promote
berberine,
strengthening
intestinal
barrier
function,
ameliorating
inflammation
regulating
bile
acid
signal
pathway
axis
bacteria-gut-brain.
aim
our
study
clarify
therapeutic
characteristics
further
provide
theoretical
basis
from
perspective
microbiota.
Frontiers in Nutrition,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Feb. 19, 2024
This
review
highlights
the
possible
hazard
of
mycotoxins
occurrence
in
foods
and
feeds
regards
to
foodborne
diseases.
The
management
risk
contamination
with
by
using
natural
feed
additives,
protecting
against
deleterious
effects
or
inhibiting
growth
fungi
mycotoxin
production,
is
deeply
investigated
available
literature
some
effective
measures
for
safe
utilization
contaminated
feed/food
are
proposed.
biological
methods
decontamination,
degradation
biotransformation
analyzed
discussed.
Some
antagonists
target
also
reviewed
a
comparison
made
conventional
fungicides
ensuring
prevention
contamination.
most
common
useful
chemical
decontamination
agricultural
commodities
raw
materials
investigated,
e.g.,
additives
inactivating
destroying
and/or
adsorbing
as
well
production.
practical
use
safety
various
kind
herbal/biological
supplements
approach
ameliorating
adverse
dangerous
suggestions
given.
Various
possibilities
decreasing
toxicity,
clarifying
mechanisms
their
toxicity
antidotes
vitamins
diet,
studied
appropriate
discussions
this
regard.
studies
on
animal
diets
such
low
carbohydrate
intake,
increased
protein
content,
calorie
restriction
importance
dietary
fats
amelioration
ailments
associated
exposure.
It
could
be
concluded
that
bioactive
would
more
combat
mycotoxicoses
compared
additives.