Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Their Manipulation for Improved Growth and Performance in Chickens

Foods, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 1401 - 1401

Published: May 12, 2022

The gut of warm-blooded animals is colonized by microbes possibly constituting at least 100 times more genetic material microbial cells than that the somatic host. These have a profound effect on several physiological functions ranging from energy metabolism to immune response host, particularly those associated with system. newly hatched chick typically sterile but rapidly in environment, undergoing cycles development. Several factors such as diet, region gastrointestinal tract, housing, and genetics can influence composition an individual bird confer distinctive microbiome signature bird. be modified supplementation probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics. Supplementing these additives prevent dysbiosis caused stress infection, heat stress, toxins cause dysbiosis. mechanism action beneficial effects probiotics vary depending strains used. However, it difficult establish relationship between host health productivity due high variability flocks environmental, nutritional, factors. This review compiles information microbiota, dysbiosis, postbiotics, synbiotics, which are capable modifying microbiota elaborates interaction chicken commensals, system, their consequent productivity. Factors considered unexplored potential engineering poultry addressing public concerns zoonosis industry discussed.

Language: Английский

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Fungal Toxins and Host Immune Responses

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 13, 2021

Fungi are ubiquitous organisms that thrive in diverse natural environments including soils, plants, animals, and the human body. In response to warmth, humidity, moisture, certain fungi which grow on crops harvested foodstuffs can produce mycotoxins; secondary metabolites when ingested have a deleterious impact health. Ongoing research indicates some mycotoxins and, more recently, peptide toxins also produced during active fungal infection humans experimental models. A combination of innate adaptive immune recognition allows host eliminate invading pathogens from However, imbalances homeostasis often facilitate microbial infection. Despite wide-ranging effects health, our understanding toxin-mediated modulation responses is incomplete. This review will explore current how they contribute immunity.

Language: Английский

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Integrated Mycotoxin Management System in the Feed Supply Chain: Innovative Approaches

Toxins, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 572 - 572

Published: Aug. 16, 2021

Exposure to mycotoxins is a worldwide concern as their occurrence unavoidable and varies among geographical regions. Mycotoxins can affect the performance quality of livestock production act carriers putting human health at risk. Feed be contaminated by various fungal species, co-occurrence, modified emerging are centre modern mycotoxin research. Preventing mould contamination almost impossible; it necessary for producers implement comprehensive management program moderate these risks along animal feed supply chain in an HACCP perspective. The objective this paper suggest innovative integrated system handling chain, with emphasis on novel strategies control. Specific selected technologies, such nanotechnologies, protocols reported promising sustainable options implementing control, prevention, management. Further research should concentrated methods determine multi-contaminated samples, mycotoxins.

Language: Английский

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Deoxynivalenol: Toxicology, Degradation by Bacteria, and Phylogenetic Analysis

Toxins, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 90 - 90

Published: Jan. 25, 2022

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by fungi that contaminates many crops, mainly wheat, maize, and barley. It affects animal health, causing intestinal barrier impairment immunostimulatory effect in low doses emesis, reduction feed conversion rate, immunosuppression high doses. As it very hard to completely avoid DON’s production the field, mitigatory methods have been developed. Biodegradation has become promising method as new microorganisms are studied enzymatic routes described. Understanding common root of bacteria with DON degradation capability relationship their place isolation may bring insights for more effective ways find DON-degrading microorganisms. The purpose this review an overview occurrence, regulation, metabolism, toxicology addressed recent publications focusing on production, well explore described phylogenetic among them.

Language: Английский

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Combined Toxicity Evaluation of Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxin B1 on Kidney and Liver Injury, Immune Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota Alteration Through Pair-Feeding Pullet Model

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 29, 2022

Ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are often co-contaminated, but their synergistic toxicity in poultry is limitedly described. Furthermore, the traditional ad libitum feeding model may fail to distinguish specific impact of mycotoxins on biomarkers indirect effect mildew palatability feed. pair-feeding was introduced investigate combined OTA AFB1, which were independent dependent feed intake, respectively. total 180 one-day-old pullets randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates, each replicate contained 10 chicks. The control group (Group A) B) received basal diet without mycotoxin contamination. Group C administrated OTA- AFB1-contaminated (101.41 μg/kg + 20.10 AFB1). scale B matched intake C. trial lasted 42 days. Compared group, co-contamination AFB1 could adversely affect growth performance (average daily (ADFI), body weight (BW), average gain (ADG), conversion ratio (FCR), shank length (SL)), decrease relative spleen ( p < 0.01), increase kidney 0.01). Moreover, reduction also (BW, ADG, SL), not as severely do. Apart from that, activated antioxidative inflammation reactions chicks, increasing level catalase (CAT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin-8 (IL-8) while decreasing IL-10 weakly influenced by reduction. In addition, induced histopathological changes apoptosis liver well stimulated pernicious bacteria cause toxic effects. There no group. had more severe effects than merely reducing supply. However, proper improve pullets’ physical health enriching Lactobacillus , Phascolarctobacterium Bacteroides Parabacteroides Barnesiella .

Language: Английский

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Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae Mitigates Aflatoxin B1-Induced Liver Toxicity in Chickens via Microbiota-Gut-Liver Axis Interaction Mechanisms

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 819 - 819

Published: March 28, 2023

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a common mycotoxin that widely occurs in feed and has severe hepatotoxic effects both humans animals. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynaria (TFRD), traditional Chinese medicinal herb, have multiple biological activities potential hepatoprotective activity. This study investigated the protective mechanisms TFRD against AFB1-induced liver injury. The results revealed supplementation with markedly lessened broiler intestinal permeability by increasing expression tight junction proteins, as well correcting changes gut microbiota damage induced AFB1. Metabolomics analysis alterations plasma metabolites, especially taurolithocholic acid, were significantly improved treatment AFB1-exposed chickens. In addition, these metabolites closely associated [Ruminococcus], ACC, GPX1, indicating AFB1 may cause injury inducing bile acid metabolism involving microbiota-gut-liver axis. We further found suppressed oxidative stress hepatic lipid deposition, increased glutathione (GSH) concentrations, reversed ferroptosis gene expression. Collectively, findings indicate might contribute to hepatotoxicity chickens through axis interaction mechanisms; furthermore, was confirmed an herbal extract could potentially antagonize mycotoxins detrimental effects.

Language: Английский

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Mold, Mycotoxins and a Dysregulated Immune System: A Combination of Concern?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(22), P. 12269 - 12269

Published: Nov. 12, 2021

Fungi represent one of the most diverse and abundant eukaryotes on earth. The interplay between mold exposure host immune system is still not fully elucidated. Literature research focusing up-to-date publications providing a heterogenous picture evidence opinions regarding role mycotoxins in development diseases. While induction allergic responses by molds generally acknowledged, other direct health effects like toxic syndrome are controversially discussed. However, recent observations indicate particular importance mold/mycotoxin individuals with pre-existing dysregulation system, due to exacerbation underlying pathophysiology including non-allergic chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, even human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression. In this review, we focus impact their progression dysregulation. This complemented experimental vivo vitro findings present cellular molecular modes action. Furthermore, discuss hypothetical mechanisms action, where missing since much remains be discovered.

Language: Английский

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The mechanism of berberine alleviating metabolic disorder based on gut microbiome

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 25, 2022

With socioeconomic advances and improved living standards, metabolic syndrome has increasingly come into the attention. In recent decades, a growing number of studies have shown that gut microbiome its metabolites are closely related to occurrence development many diseases, play an important role cannot be ignored, for instance, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular others. The correlation between microbiota disorder been widely recognized. Metabolic could cause imbalance in microbiota, disturbance aggravate as well. Berberine (BBR), natural ingredient, plays treatment disorder. Studies BBR can alleviate pathological conditions disorders, mechanism is regulation microbiota: regulate absorption utilization berberine body; meanwhile, structure function also changed after intervention by berberine. Therefore, we summarize relevant research, including expressions nitroreductases-producing bacteria promote berberine, strengthening intestinal barrier function, ameliorating inflammation regulating bile acid signal pathway axis bacteria-gut-brain. aim our study clarify therapeutic characteristics further provide theoretical basis from perspective microbiota.

Language: Английский

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In-vitro assessment of a novel plant rhizobacterium, Citrobacter freundii, for degrading and biocontrol of food mycotoxin deoxynivalenol

Toxicon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 227, P. 107095 - 107095

Published: March 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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Natural feed additives and bioactive supplements versus chemical additives as a safe and practical approach to combat foodborne mycotoxicoses

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

This review highlights the possible hazard of mycotoxins occurrence in foods and feeds regards to foodborne diseases. The management risk contamination with by using natural feed additives, protecting against deleterious effects or inhibiting growth fungi mycotoxin production, is deeply investigated available literature some effective measures for safe utilization contaminated feed/food are proposed. biological methods decontamination, degradation biotransformation analyzed discussed. Some antagonists target also reviewed a comparison made conventional fungicides ensuring prevention contamination. most common useful chemical decontamination agricultural commodities raw materials investigated, e.g., additives inactivating destroying and/or adsorbing as well production. practical use safety various kind herbal/biological supplements approach ameliorating adverse dangerous suggestions given. Various possibilities decreasing toxicity, clarifying mechanisms their toxicity antidotes vitamins diet, studied appropriate discussions this regard. studies on animal diets such low carbohydrate intake, increased protein content, calorie restriction importance dietary fats amelioration ailments associated exposure. It could be concluded that bioactive would more combat mycotoxicoses compared additives.

Language: Английский

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