Aflatoxin Contamination, Its Impact and Management Strategies: An Updated Review

Toxins, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 307 - 307

Published: April 27, 2022

Aflatoxin, a type of mycotoxin, is mostly produced by Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus. It responsible for the loss billions dollars to world economy, contaminating different crops such as cotton, groundnut, maize, chilies, causing immense effects on health humans animals. More than eighteen types aflatoxins have been reported date, among them, B1, B2, G1, G2 are most prevalent lethal. Early detection fungal infection plays key role in control aflatoxin contamination. Therefore, methods, including culture, chromatographic techniques, molecular assays, used determine contamination food products. Many countries set maximum limit (2-20 ppb) their agriculture commodities human or animal consumption, use methods combat this menace essential. Fungal takes place during pre- post-harvest stage crops, employed latter phase. Studies shown that if correct measures adopted crop development phase, can be reduced significant level. Currently, bio-pesticides intervention many countries, whereby atoxigenic strains competitively reduce burden toxigenic field, thereby helping mitigate problem. This updated review sheds light sources contamination, occurrence, impact, management strategies, with special emphasis aflatoxins.

Language: Английский

---

Current Insights in Fungal Importance—A Comprehensive Review

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1384 - 1384

Published: May 24, 2023

Besides plants and animals, the Fungi kingdom describes several species characterized by various forms applications. They can be found in all habitats play an essential role excellent functioning of ecosystem, for example, as decomposers plant material cycling carbon nutrients or symbionts plants. Furthermore, fungi have been used many sectors centuries, from producing food, beverages, medications. Recently, they gained significant recognition protecting environment, agriculture, industrial The current article intends to review beneficial roles a vast range applications, such production enzymes pigments, applications regarding food pharmaceutical industries, research domains, well negative impacts (secondary metabolites production, etiological agents diseases plants, humans, deteriogenic agents).

Language: Английский

---

Changing climate, shifting mycotoxins: A comprehensive review of climate change impact on mycotoxin contamination

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(2)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Climate change (CC) is a complex phenomenon that has the potential to significantly alter marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Global warming of 2°C expected be exceeded during 21st century, frequency extreme weather events, including floods, storms, droughts, temperatures, wildfires, intensified globally over recent decades, differently affecting areas world. How CC may impact multiple food safety hazards increasingly evident, with mycotoxin contamination in particular gaining prominence. Research focusing on effects edible crops developed considerably throughout years. Therefore, we conducted comprehensive literature search collect available studies scientific published between 2000 2023. The selected papers highlighted how warmer temperatures are enabling migration, introduction, mounting abundance thermophilic thermotolerant fungal species, those producing mycotoxins. Certain mycotoxigenic such as Aspergillus flavus Fusarium graminearum , readily acclimatize new conditions could become more aggressive pathogens. Furthermore, abiotic stress factors resulting from weaken resistance host crops, rendering them vulnerable disease outbreaks. Changed interactions fungi likewise expected, effect influencing prevalence co‐occurrence mycotoxins future. Looking ahead, future research should focus improving predictive modeling, expanding into different pathosystems, facilitating application effective strategies mitigate CC.

Language: Английский

---

Therapeutic detoxification of quercetin for aflatoxin B1-related toxicity: Roles of oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic enzymes

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 345, P. 123474 - 123474

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Species Differences in the Biotransformation of Aflatoxin B1: Primary Determinants of Relative Carcinogenic Potency in Different Animal Species

Toxins, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 30 - 30

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

It has been known since the early days of discovery aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) that there were large species differences in susceptibility to AFB1. was also evident on AFB1 itself not toxic but required bioactivation a reactive form. Over past 60 years have thousands studies delineate role ~10 specific biotransformation pathways AFB1, both phase I (oxidation, reduction) and II (hydrolysis, conjugation, secondary oxidations, reductions metabolites). This review provides historical context substantive analysis each these as contributors hepatoxicity carcinogenicity. Since contaminant groundnut meal led Turkey X diseases 1960, over 15,000 publications related aflatoxins, which nearly 8000 addressed significance (metabolism, older literature) While it is impossible give justice all studies, this perspective major discoveries sets stage for discussion other papers Special Issue important metabolites played biomarkers exposure effect human effects aflatoxins. Dr. John Groopman leading every step way-from initial laboratory application molecular epidemiological associating dietary with liver cancer, design conduct chemoprevention clinical trials reduce cancer risk from unavoidable exposures by alteration pathways. article written honor Groopman's many contributions area.

Language: Английский

---

The mycobiome in human cancer: analytical challenges, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic implications

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

The polymorphic microbiome is considered a new hallmark of cancer. Advances in High-Throughput Sequencing have fostered rapid developments research. interaction between cancer cells, immune and microbiota defined as the immuno-oncology (IOM) axis. Fungal microbes (the mycobiome), although representing only ∼ 0.1-1% microbiome, are critical immunologically active component tumor microbiome. Accumulating evidence suggests possible involvement commensal pathogenic fungi initiation, progression, treatment responsiveness. tumor-associated mycobiome mainly consists gut mycobiome, oral intratumoral mycobiome. However, role remains poorly understood, diversity complexity analytical methods make it challenging to access this field. This review aims elucidate causal complicit roles development progression while highlighting issues that need be addressed executing such We systematically summarize advantages limitations current fungal detection analysis methods. enumerate integrate these recent findings into our understanding accompanied by prospect novel exhilarating clinical implications.

Language: Английский

---

Applying hollow octahedron PtNPs/Pd-Cu2O nanozyme and highly conductive AuPtNPs/Ni-Co NCs to colorimetric -electrochemical dual-mode aptasensor for AFB1 detection

Analytica Chimica Acta, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 1338, P. 343609 - 343609

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Fungal Pathogens and Seed Storage in the Dry State

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(22), P. 3167 - 3167

Published: Nov. 18, 2022

Seeds can harbor a wide range of microorganisms, especially fungi, which cause different sanitary problems. Seed quality and seed longevity may be drastically reduced by fungi that invade seeds before or after harvest. movement pathway for the spread diseases into new areas. Some seed-associated also produce mycotoxins serious negative effects on humans, animals themselves. storage is most efficient widely used method conserving plant genetic resources. The conditions in gene banks, low temperature moisture content, increase are usually favorable survival seed-borne mycoflora. Early detection identification essential activities to conserve high-quality prevent pathogen dissemination. This article provides an overview characteristics methods with special focus their potential bank conservation. review includes following aspects: types paths infection transmission, health methods, longevity, risk dissemination, effect procedures reduce harmful banks.

Language: Английский

---

Combined Toxicity Evaluation of Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxin B1 on Kidney and Liver Injury, Immune Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota Alteration Through Pair-Feeding Pullet Model

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 29, 2022

Ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are often co-contaminated, but their synergistic toxicity in poultry is limitedly described. Furthermore, the traditional ad libitum feeding model may fail to distinguish specific impact of mycotoxins on biomarkers indirect effect mildew palatability feed. pair-feeding was introduced investigate combined OTA AFB1, which were independent dependent feed intake, respectively. total 180 one-day-old pullets randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates, each replicate contained 10 chicks. The control group (Group A) B) received basal diet without mycotoxin contamination. Group C administrated OTA- AFB1-contaminated (101.41 μg/kg + 20.10 AFB1). scale B matched intake C. trial lasted 42 days. Compared group, co-contamination AFB1 could adversely affect growth performance (average daily (ADFI), body weight (BW), average gain (ADG), conversion ratio (FCR), shank length (SL)), decrease relative spleen ( p < 0.01), increase kidney 0.01). Moreover, reduction also (BW, ADG, SL), not as severely do. Apart from that, activated antioxidative inflammation reactions chicks, increasing level catalase (CAT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin-8 (IL-8) while decreasing IL-10 weakly influenced by reduction. In addition, induced histopathological changes apoptosis liver well stimulated pernicious bacteria cause toxic effects. There no group. had more severe effects than merely reducing supply. However, proper improve pullets’ physical health enriching Lactobacillus , Phascolarctobacterium Bacteroides Parabacteroides Barnesiella .

Language: Английский

---

Aflatoxins: Source, Detection, Clinical Features and Prevention

Processes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 204 - 204

Published: Jan. 9, 2023

The most potent mycotoxin, aflatoxins are the secondary metabolite produced by fungi, especially Aspergillus, and have been found to be ubiquitous, contaminating cereals, crops, even milk causing major health economic issues in some countries due poor storage, substandard management, lack of awareness. Different aspects toxin reviewed here, including its structural biochemistry, occurrence, factors conducive contamination intoxication related clinical features, as well suggested preventive control strategies detection methods.

Language: Английский

---