Spodoptera frugiperda: Ecology, Evolution, and Management Options of an Invasive Species

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 68(1), P. 299 - 317

Published: Oct. 6, 2022

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is a well-known agricultural pest in its native range, North and South America, has become major invasive around the globe past decade. In this review, we provide an overview to update what known about S. geographic ranges. This followed by discussion of studies from invaded areas gain insights into frugiperda's ecology, specifically reproductive biology, host plant use, status insecticide resistance alleles, biocontrol methods regions. We show that reference strains uninformative populations because multidirectional introduction events likely underpinned recent rapid spread. Given genomic analyses FAW much more diverse than was previously assumed, natural selection forces differ geographically, region-specific approaches will be needed control global pest.

Language: Английский

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Sustainable Management of Invasive Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 2150 - 2150

Published: Sept. 9, 2022

The fall armyworm of maize, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) is capable causing a 100% yield loss due to its unforeseen occurrence from the seedling cob formation stage. To manage this serious pest, maize growers are tending apply high dosage pesticides. This indiscriminate usage pesticides has resulted in an unacceptable amount insect resurgence harming production and consumption. In review, we prepared list practical pest management options, including host plant resistance, agronomical, cultural, biological, botanical, chemical, biotechnology approaches. It was found that cultivation tolerant genotypes, adjusting sowing windows, practicing specific intercultural cropping systems measures addition chemical non-chemical strategies showed encouraging results for sustainable armyworm, which could protect crop. review highlights novel successful options advocated various parts world. Recommendations documented paper would certainly pave way other concerned crops.

Language: Английский

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Calmodulin and calmodulin‐like protein‐mediated plant responses to biotic stresses

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(12), P. 3680 - 3703

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Abstract Plants have evolved a set of finely regulated mechanisms to respond various biotic stresses. Transient changes in intracellular calcium (Ca 2+ ) concentration been well documented act as cellular signals coupling environmental stimuli appropriate physiological responses with astonishing accuracy and specificity plants. Calmodulins (CaMs) calmodulin‐like proteins (CMLs) are extensively characterized important classes Ca sensors. The spatial‐temporal coordination between transients, CaMs/CMLs their target is critical for plant ‐loaded interact regulate broad spectrum proteins, such ion transporters (including channels, pumps, antiporters), transcription factors, protein kinases, phosphatases, metabolic enzymes unknown biological functions. This review focuses on underlying how involved the regulation diverse stresses including pathogen infections herbivore attacks. Recent discoveries crucial functions stress resistance revealed through physiological, molecular, biochemical, genetic analyses described, intriguing insights into CaM/CML‐mediated regulatory network proposed. Perspectives future directions understanding signalling pathways discussed. application accumulated knowledge crop cultivation would improve safeguard our food production future.

Language: Английский

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Current status of the biological control of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda by egg parasitoids

Journal of Pest Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 96(4), P. 1345 - 1363

Published: June 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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Effects of the Host Plants of the Maize-Based Intercropping Systems on the Growth, Development and Preference of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Insects, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 26 - 26

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

In this paper, the effects of maize and its three intercropping plants, sweet potato, soybean peanut, on growth development FAW, feeding preference larvae, olfactory response oviposition adults were studied in laboratory. The results showed that peanut suitable for survival while potato not multigenerational reproduction. larvae significantly preferred to feed compared other plants. test indicated a strong deterrent effect against FAW adults. Furthermore, plants reduced host selection rate alone. two-choice tests vs. female adult oviposit lay more eggs rather than when combination (maize + plant), especially was These may be reasons why maize-soybean system damage field. We also speculated maize-sweet reduce damage. This study provided theoretical basis comprehensive management by utilizing an system.

Language: Английский

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Integrated management of Spodoptera frugiperda 6 years post detection in Africa: a review

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52, P. 100928 - 100928

Published: May 6, 2022

The introduction of fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on the African continent has led to paradigm shifts in pest control maize systems, occasioned by year-round populations. discovery resident parasitoid species adapting new significantly informed decision-making toward avoiding highly hazardous synthetic insecticides pest. A number biopesticides have shown promise against armyworm, providing a arsenal for sustainable management this invasive However, few knowledge gaps remain fully integrated and FAW-management approach, particularly host-resistance potential.

Language: Английский

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Entomopathogenic nematodes as an effective and sustainable alternative to control the fall armyworm in Africa

PNAS Nexus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(4)

Published: March 28, 2024

Abstract The recent invasion of the fall armyworm (FAW), a voracious pest, into Africa and Asia has resulted in unprecedented increases insecticide applications, especially maize cultivation. health environmental hazards posed by these chemicals have prompted call for alternative control practices. Entomopathogenic nematodes are highly lethal to FAWs, but their application aboveground been challenging. In this study, we report on season-long field trials with an innocuous biodegradable gel made from carboxymethyl cellulose containing local that specifically developed target FAW. several Rwandan fields distinct climatic conditions natural infestation rates, compared presence damage plots were treated either our nematode formulation, commercial liquid or commonly used contact cypermethrin. treatments applied whorl each plant, which was repeated three four times, at 2-week intervals, starting when plants still seedlings. Although all reduced leaf damage, only formulation decreased caterpillar about 50% yielded additional ton per hectare untreated plots. Importantly, believe use can be cost-effective, since doses across whole season least 3-fold lower than normal against belowground pests. overall results imply precisely formulated easy-to-apply effective, affordable, sustainable insecticides FAW control.

Language: Английский

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Fall armyworm threatens Asian rice security: A review of sustainable management strategies

CABI Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 19, 2025

Abstract Rice ( Oryza sativa L.), a primary staple food for billions of people worldwide, faces growing threat from the invasive fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), in Asia. Given predominance small-scale farmers Asian rice production, which accounts over two-thirds global output, region is highly vulnerable to FAW infestations. The FAW’s rapid reproduction, extensive dispersal capabilities, and remarkable adaptability pose significant risks, with potential substantial yield losses comparable those observed other crops. Recent reports highlight concerning host shift corn-specialized strain towards cultivation Beyond direct losses, infestations can lead excessive use pesticides, posing serious threats human health environment safety. Effective sustainable management crucial ensuring long-term agricultural sustainability. Control strategies encompass diverse range approaches, including cultural techniques, biological methods, chemical interventions, habitat manipulation. absence varieties resistant underscores urgent need accelerated development through genetic engineering. Cultural control practices, such as staggered planting, deep tillage, crop rotation non-host species, improved field sanitation, effectively reduce populations. While promising, methods like trap cropping push-pull require further validation systems. Biological measures utilize natural predators, big-eyed bugs ground beetles, parasitoids Telenomus remus Campoletis sonorensis . Additionally, entomopathogenic agents Metarhizium rileyi , Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Beauveria bassiana offer environmentally alternatives insecticides. synthetic insecticides remain an essential component management, increasing prevalence pesticide resistance associated economic necessitate eco-friendly solutions. multiple insecticide classes robust strategies. This review emphasizes critical role integrated pest (IPM) combating Asia, advocating balanced approach that prioritises control, effective judicious insecticides, mitigate damage ensure security region.

Language: Английский

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Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Africa: insights into biology, ecology and impact on staple crops, food systems and management approaches

Frontiers in Agronomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: April 24, 2025

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda , is a polyphagous pest native to the American continent that was first detected in Africa 2016, where it has since become major constraint agriculture. This species severely damages staple crops like maize, sorghum, and rice, threatening food security livelihoods of millions smallholder farmers. Maize, most vulnerable crop sub-Saharan Africa, suffers significant annual losses due destructive impact FAW, which affects agricultural productivity overall rural economies. displays complex biological ecological patterns are highly dependent on environmental factors, host plant availability, natural enemy diversity, making control efforts challenging. review explores traits driving FAW’s invasive success summarizing key findings its biology ecology while outlining current management strategies. It underscores importance Integrated Pest Management (IPM), includes cultural practices, control, mechanical/physical methods, resistance, judicious application chemicals. Regular monitoring surveillance principles also discussed as prevention early detection measures mitigate FAW damage. Future directions emphasize need for collaboration among stakeholders, including international research organizations, effectively invasion. Given economic risks outbreak adopting IPM solutions crucial reducing pesticide reliance ensuring stable production. offers valuable insights into achieving this goal.

Language: Английский

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Identification and detection of known and new viruses in larvae of laboratory-reared fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108290 - 108290

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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