Epstein–Barr virus as a potentiator of autoimmune diseases

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(11), P. 729 - 740

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

Language: Английский

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Laboratory Findings and Biomarkers in Long COVID: What Do We Know So Far? Insights into Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Challenges

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(13), P. 10458 - 10458

Published: June 21, 2023

Long COVID (LC) encompasses a constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by at least 10% people after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, and so far it has affected about 65 million people. The etiology LC remains unclear; however, many pathophysiological pathways may be involved, including viral persistence; chronic, low-grade inflammatory response; immune dysregulation defective reactivation latent viruses; autoimmunity; persistent endothelial dysfunction coagulopathy; gut dysbiosis; hormonal metabolic dysregulation; mitochondrial dysfunction; autonomic nervous system dysfunction. There are no specific tests for diagnosis LC, clinical features laboratory findings biomarkers not specifically relate to LC. Therefore, is paramount importance develop validate that can employed prediction, prognosis its therapeutic response, although this effort hampered challenges pertaining non-specific nature majority manifestations in spectrum, small sample sizes relevant studies other methodological issues. Promising candidate found some patients markers systemic inflammation, acute phase proteins, cytokines chemokines; reflecting persistence, herpesviruses endotheliopathy, coagulation fibrinolysis; microbiota alterations; diverse proteins metabolites; biomarkers; cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. At present, there only two reviews summarizing they do cover entire umbrella current biomarkers, their link etiopathogenetic mechanisms or diagnostic work-up comprehensive manner. Herein, we aim appraise synopsize available evidence on typical classification based pathogenetic main symptomatology frame epidemiological aspects syndrome furthermore assess limitations as well potential implications interventions.

Language: Английский

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Role of infectious agents in Cancer pathogenesis and therapy

The Microbe, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100284 - 100284

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Infectious mononucleosis: new concepts in clinical presentation, epidemiology, and host response

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(3), P. 157 - 163

Published: March 26, 2024

Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is an infectious disease that presents clinically in only a small percentage of individuals despite almost universal infection with the causative agent. Here, we review latest concepts clinical presentation, epidemiology, and host response this disease.

Language: Английский

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Long-term outcomes in patients with persistent EBV-DNA positivity after primary Epstein-Barr virus infection and clinical implications of rituximab therapy

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 156, P. 114695 - 114695

Published: April 21, 2025

The long-term clinical outcomes of patients with persistent EBV-DNA positivity after primary EBV infection B cells and the value rituximab in this group are unknown. We retrospectively analyzed EBV-infected at our center from October 2016 to July 2023. They were divided into two groups based on presence infectious mononucleosis. To assess disease transformation under exposure impact clearance, we followed up monitored changes conventional observation treatment subgroup subgroup. Seventy-one included study, 29 them exhibited sustained for over 3 months. Among them, 20 classified as mononucleosis (IM) group, while 9 belonged non-infectious (NIM) group. In IM 5 out 7 treated (71.4 %) became negative within one month post-treatment, 6 13 (46.2 who did not undergo still remained positive 18 These results suggested that significantly shortened duration required clearance. NIM received had EBV-associated lymphoid tissue proliferation before treatment, which occurred approximately months was detected. Following all five a median 2 Conversely, three receive longest 16 Disease progression or observed either patients. Patients unlikely progress malignant despite positivity. Nonetheless, there is potential risk chronic lymphoproliferation. Rituximab safe efficient method eliminating achieving rapid clearance EBV-DNA.

Language: Английский

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Epstein Barr Virus Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Monitoring in Lung and Bone Marrow Transplant Patients to Predict Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder: A Systematic Review

Transplantation Proceedings, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Paediatric autoimmune uveitis is associated with intraocular antibodies against Epstein–Barr virus Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA-1)

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 115, P. 105681 - 105681

Published: April 15, 2025

Language: Английский

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Laboratory Findings and Biomarkers in Long COVID: What Do We Know So Far? Insights Into Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Challenges

Published: May 22, 2023

Long COVID (LC) encompasses a constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by at least 10% people after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, and so far has affected about 65 million people. The etiology LC remains unclear; however, many pathophysiological pathways may be involved, including viral persistence; chronic, low grade inflammatory response; immune dysregulation defective reactivation latent viruses; autoimmunity; persistent endothelial dysfunction coagulopathy; gut dysbiosis; hormonal dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction; autonomic nervous system dysfunction. There are no specific tests for diagnosis LC, clinical features laboratory findings biomarkers not specifically relate to LC. Therefore, it is paramount importance develop validate that can employed prediction, prognosis its therapeutic response. Promising candidate found in some patients markers systemic inflammation acute phase proteins, cytokines chemokines; reflecting persistence, herpesviruses dysregulation; endotheliopathy, coagulation fibrinolysis; microbiota alterations; diverse proteins metabolites; metabolic biomarkers; as well cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. At present, there only two reviews summarizing relevant they do cover entire umbrella current or their link etiopathogenetic mechanisms, diagnostic work-up comprehensive manner. Herein, we aim appraise synopsize available evidence on typical manifestations classification based main symptomatology frame epidemiological pathogenetic aspects syndrome, furthermore assess limitations challenges potential implications interventions.

Language: Английский

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Humoral response to Epstein-Barr virus in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with B cell depletion therapy

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 79, P. 105037 - 105037

Published: Sept. 30, 2023

B cell depletion therapy is highly effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). However, the precise underlying mechanisms of action for its biological effects MS have still not been clarified. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) a known risk factor and seems to be prerequisite disease development. EBV resides latently memory cells, may only increase developing MS, but also contribute activity disability progression. Therefore, could associated with EBV-infected cells altered immune response virus. In this study, we investigate impact on humoral specific patients MS.Newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve RRMS were followed up 18 months after initiation B-cell Overlord-MS phase III trial (NCT04578639). We analyzed serum sampled before treatment 3, 6, 12 immunoglobulin γ (IgG) against nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) viral capsid (VCA). antibodies cytomegalovirus (CMV) total IgG serum, as controls overall immunity. The allele, HLA-DRB1*15:01, protective HLA-A*02:01, determined all participants. addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) circulating EBV-DNA was performed first 156 samples drawn. associations between time cell-depletion anti-EBV antibody levels estimated using linear mixed-effects models.A 290 from 99 available analysis. After months, EBNA1 decreased by 12.7 % (95 CI -18.8 -6.60, p < 0.001), 12.1 -19.8 -3.7, = 0.006) 14.6 -25.3 -2.4, 0.02) respectively, compared baseline level. Carriers HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele had higher at (p 0.02). VCA significantly increased 13.7 9.4 18.1, 0.001) 3 baseline, persisted level throughout follow-up. CMV decreased, lesser extent than decrease IgG, during therapy. Circulating found three 64 patients.EBNA1 while increased, This supports hypothesis that mechanism might mediated infection, which, turn, mitigate cross-reactivity perpetuation.

Language: Английский

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Acute primary CMV infection complicated by pneumonitis and ITP in young immunocompetent woman in a regional Queensland Hospital

BMJ Case Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. e259136 - e259136

Published: April 1, 2024

We present the first published case of simultaneous pneumonitis and immune thrombocytopenic purpura secondary to primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in an immunocompetent patient. Treatment with oral valganciclovir for 2 weeks successfully led complete clinical recovery. CMV is traditionally associated immunocompromised patients neonates; however, evidence severe infections hosts emerging. It important highlight broad range presentations prevent diagnostic delay morbidity expense.

Language: Английский

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