Epidemiology, Clinical Significance, and Diagnosis of Respiratory Viruses and Their Co-Infections in the Post-COVID Era

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 262 - 262

Published: March 7, 2025

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel human coronavirus, emerged in late 2019 and rapidly evolved into pandemic around the world. The disease (COVID-19) has dramatically changed epidemiology seasonality of other traditional viruses, e.g., influenza, syncytial virus, enterovirus, etc. These viruses have transmission mode clinical symptoms similar to SARS-CoV-2 but may differ outcomes management. Co-infection between one or more been reported literature shown mixed evidence outcomes. With evolving mild Omicron variants, it is believed that co-circulates with which turn affect course viral infections. In response these changes, multiplex molecular tests for are attracting attention field developed variety testing modalities. this review, we describe (i.e., Northern Hemisphere), epidemiology, significance their co-infection post-COVID era. Furthermore, review commonly used applications detection co-infections. Altogether, not only sheds light on infections co-infections era, also provides insights laboratory-based diagnoses using testing.

Language: Английский

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Pathogenesis of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection at the extremes of age: decipher the ominous tales of immune vulnerability

Advanced Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

The co-circulation of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 has led to co-infection events, primarily affecting children older adults, who are at higher risk for severe disease. Although prevalence is relatively low, it associated with worse outcomes compared mono-infections. Previous studies have shown that the depend on multiple factors, including viral interference, virus-host interaction host response. Children elderly exhibit distinct patterns antiviral response, which involve airway epithelium, mucociliary clearance, innate adaptive immune cells, inflammatory mediators. This review explores pathogeneses co-infection, focusing responses in elderly. By comparing immature immunity senescence we aim provide insights clinical management cases.

Language: Английский

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Respiratory Viral Coinfections: Insights into Epidemiology, Immune Response, Pathology, and Clinical Outcomes

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 316 - 316

Published: April 12, 2024

Respiratory viral coinfections are a global public health threat that poses an economic burden on individuals, families, and healthcare infrastructure. Viruses may coinfect interact synergistically or antagonistically, their coinfection not affect replication rate. These interactions specific to different virus combinations, which underlines the importance of understanding mechanisms behind these differential need for novel diagnostic methods accurately identify multiple viruses causing disease in patient avoid misdiagnosis. This review examines epidemiological patterns, pathology manifestations, immune response modulation respiratory combinations occur during using experimental models better understand dynamics takes driving outcomes severity, is crucial guide development prevention treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Inflammatory Markers and Severity in COVID-19 Patients with Clostridioides Difficile Co-Infection: A Retrospective Analysis Including Subgroups with Diabetes, Cancer, and Elderly

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 227 - 227

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Background and Objectives: The interplay of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection Clostridioides difficile (CDI) poses a critical clinical challenge. resultant inflammatory milieu its impact on outcomes remain incompletely understood, especially among vulnerable subgroups such as elderly patients, those with diabetes, individuals cancer. This study aimed to characterize markers composite severity scores—such Physiology Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Confusion, Urea, rate, Blood pressure, age ≥ 65 years (CURB-65), National Early Warning Score (NEWS), the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII)—in hospitalized Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients without CDI, evaluate their prognostic implications across key subgroups. Methods: We conducted retrospective, single-center 240 adults Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 between February 2021 March 2023. Of these, 98 had concurrent CDI. collected baseline demographics, comorbidities, laboratory parameters including C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), ferritin, neutrophil lymphocyte counts, albumin, platelet calculated indices (C-reactive Albumin Ratio (CAR), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte (NLR), Prognostic Nutritional (PNI), SII). Patients were stratified by CDI status analyzed for marker distributions, scores II, CURB-65, NEWS), (Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, mortality). Subgroup analyses included (≥65 years), cancer patients. Statistical comparisons employed t-tests, chi-square tests, logistic regression models. Results: demonstrated significantly higher CRP, IL-6, SII, CAR, coupled lower albumin PNI (p < 0.05). They also elevated APACHE NEWS scores. CDI-positive experienced increased ICU admission (38.8% vs. 20.5%), ventilation (24.5% 12.9%), mortality (22.4% 10.6%, all p revealed more pronounced derangements worse in elderly, diabetic, Conclusions: Concurrent intensifies systemic inflammation adverse trajectories Elevations predict outcomes, high-risk recognition targeted interventions, control supportive measures, may attenuate disease improve patient survival.

Language: Английский

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Presence and Significance of Multiple Respiratory Viral Infections in Children Admitted to a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital in Italy

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 750 - 750

Published: May 9, 2024

Viral co-infections are frequently observed among children, but whether specific viral interactions enhance or diminish the severity of respiratory disease is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate type mono- and by also evaluating correlations in 3525 samples from pediatric in/outpatients screened Allplex Respiratory Panel Assays with a Severe Acute Syndrome-COronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test available. Overall, were detected 37.8% patients more specimens children lower tract infections compared those upper (47.1% vs. 36.0%, p = 0.003). SARS-CoV-2 influenza A commonly mono-infections, whereas human bocavirus showed highest co-infection rate (87.8% co-infection). After analyzing pairings using Spearman’s correlation test, it was noted that negatively associated all other viruses, markedly significant positive (p < 0.001) for five (involving adenovirus/human bocavirus/human enterovirus/metapneumoviruses/rhinovirus). The between clinical outcome may be linked virus(es) involved rather than simple co-presence. Further studies dedicated this important point needed, since has obvious implications diagnostic view.

Language: Английский

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The effects of COVID-19 on professional football: clinical management, player performance, and vaccination impact

Journal of science and medicine in sport, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Rethinking Paediatric Respiratory Infections: The Role of Mixed Pathogen Infections

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(2)

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

ABSTRACT Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) stand as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide, contributing substantially to paediatric hospitalisation rates. ARIs stem from various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, others. With the advent novel diagnostic techniques like molecular detection methods, identification rate multiple pathogens in is steadily rising. However, there currently no consensus on impact mixed severity children. This narrative review summarises existing research indicating that co‐detection viruses patients with ranged 0.07% 55%. Multi‐virus coinfections did not appear increase disease because viral interference, immune modulation, etc. Conversely, infection virus bacteria may exacerbate through many mechanisms, such synergistic activation inflammation, diminished repair efficiency, increased transmission release so on. The insights provide aim improve precision treatment strategies for ARIs, ultimately reducing complications rates associated

Language: Английский

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Incidence and Risk Factors of COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Severe Cases: A Single-Center Study from Japan

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102676 - 102676

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The COVID-19 pandemic in children and young people during 2022–24: what new did we learn?

Journal of Global Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 1, 2025

The research conducted between 2022 and 2024 has advanced our understanding of COVID-19 in children young people (CYP), particularly with the emergence Omicron variant its subvariants. findings have reinforced that, while infections are often milder compared to earlier variants, overall seroprevalence SARS-CoV-2 increased, notable regional demographic disparities. COVID-19-related hospitalisation rates rose during waves, especially among infants, unvaccinated individuals, CYP at higher risk, i.e. comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, neurological or cardiac conditions. Despite this, severe disease mortality remained very low. observed increases type 1 diabetes incidence multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) also highlighted broader systemic effects paediatric populations. Evidence underscored protective effect vaccination preventing MIS-C vaccine safety, emphasising need for targeted immunisation strategies, who may be risk. Studies estimated that a significant proportion experienced persistent post-COVID-19 infection symptoms fatigue, mood disturbances, sleep disorders, respiratory difficulties, but reported prevalence varied widely, from low 1.6% high 70%, due differences study methodologies, case definitions, populations studied. Standardised definitions measurement tools, those developed through international consensus processes, required improve diagnosis, treatment, into this persisting condition. Ethnic disparities uptake persist, implying hesitancy accessibility, alongside approaches countering disinformation, important areas future research.

Language: Английский

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Viral Infections in Elderly Individuals: A Comprehensive Overview of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Susceptibility, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Treatment Strategies

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 431 - 431

Published: April 21, 2025

As age increases, the immune function of elderly individuals gradually decreases, increasing their susceptibility to infectious diseases. Therefore, further research on common viral infections in population, especially severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses, is crucial for scientific progress. This review delves into genetic structure, infection mechanisms, impact coinfections with these two viruses provides a detailed analysis reasons increased dual infections. We evaluated clinical manifestations following coinfections, including complications respiratory, gastrointestinal, nervous, cardiovascular systems. Ultimately, we have summarized current strategies prevention, diagnosis, treatment SARS-CoV-2 older adults. Through studies, aim reduce risk provide basis age-related diseases, thereby improving health status.

Language: Английский

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