Megataxonomy and global ecology of the virosphere

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Nearly all organisms are hosts to multiple viruses that collectively appear be the most abundant biological entities in biosphere. With recent advances metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, known diversity of substantially expanded. Comparative analysis these using advanced computational methods culminated reconstruction evolution major groups enabled construction a virus megataxonomy, which has been formally adopted by International Committee on Taxonomy Viruses. This comprehensive taxonomy consists six realms, aspired monophyletic assembled based conservation hallmark proteins involved capsid structure formation or genome replication. The different taxa differ host range accordingly ecological niches. In this review article, we outline latest developments megataxonomy discoveries will likely lead reassessment some taxa, particular, split three current realms into two more independent realms. We then discuss correspondence between distribution among niches, as well abundance versus cells habitats. across environments appears primarily determined ranges, i.e. virome is shaped composition biome given habitat, itself affected abiotic factors.

Language: Английский

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Forest Tree Virome as a Source of Tree Diseases and Biological Control Agents

Current Forestry Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 153 - 174

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Abstract Purpose of Review The collective virome forest trees can be considered to include not only plant viruses, but also viral communities harbored by all tree-associated organisms. In this review, we will concentrate on reviewing recent developments in the two fields tree virology that have received most research input during last 5 years: (1) current knowledge virus diseases affecting and their causal agents (2) fungal viruses (mycoviruses) properties are required for utilizing them biocontrol purposes. Recent Findings discovery mycoviruses has been revolutionized few years due high-throughput sequencing (HTS). This altered our view diversity prevalence, host ranges, transmission routes, effects. Utilization HTS greatly expanded disease etiology revealed commonness cross-kingdom events between fungi, oomycetes, plants, arthropods. Research identified several new restrict growth or virulence pathogenic fungi. Summary Gaining ecosystems is essential understanding evolution improving impacts, ability biocontrol-based environmentally friendly management affect economically important plants beneficial insects, preventing possible outbreaks future. Virus infections play a central role health, symptoms remain often unrecognized may confused with other biotic abiotic damages. However, studies previously unknown as causes suggest responsible far greater economic losses than recognized earlier. many gaps still need filled, particularly infect different species trees, irregular distribution within plant, mode transmission, epidemiology choice hosts regarding crop effect metabolism tree, interaction microorganisms. Mycovirus already deciphered detailed information critical Still, more needed concerning mycoviral stability field conditions, level tolerance against infection, occurrence interspecies mycovirus nature, safety issues related these topics.

Language: Английский

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Identification of diverse RNA viruses in Obscuromonas flagellates (Euglenozoa: Trypanosomatidae: Blastocrithidiinae)

Virus Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Trypanosomatids (Euglenozoa) are a diverse group of unicellular flagellates predominately infecting insects (monoxenous species) or circulating between and vertebrates plants (dixenous species). Monoxenous trypanosomatids harbor wide range RNA viruses belonging to the families Narnaviridae, Totiviridae, Qinviridae, Leishbuviridae, putative tombus-like viruses. Here, we focus on subfamily Blastocrithidiinae, previously unexplored divergent monoxenous comprising two related genera: Obscuromonas Blastocrithidia. Members genus Blastocrithidia employ unique genetic code, in which all three stop codons repurposed encode amino acids, with TAA also used terminate translation. isolates studied here bear families: Mitoviridae. The latter viral is documented trypanosomatid for first time. While other known mitoviruses replicate mitochondria, those appear reside cytoplasm. Although no were detected spp., identified an endogenous element genome B. triatomae indicating its past encounter(s)

Language: Английский

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Identification of a novel polymycovirus infecting the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii

Archives of Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 170(3)

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

Language: Английский

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Aspergillus flavus with Mycovirus as an Etiologic Factor for Acute Leukemias in Susceptible Individuals: Evidence and Discussion

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 488 - 488

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Several etiologic factors for the development of acute leukemias have been suggested; however, none is applicable to all cases. We isolated a certain mycovirus-containing Aspergillus flavus (MCAF) from home patient with lymphoblastic leukemia. Repeated electron microscopic evaluations proved existence mycovirus in this organism. According chemical analysis, organism does not produce any aflatoxin, possibly due its infestation mycoviruses. reported that using ELISA technique, forty pediatric patients leukemia (ALL) uniformly had antibodies products MCAF. In contrast, three separate groups controls, consisting normal blood donors, individuals solid tumors, and sickle cell disease, were negative. vitro exposure mononuclear cells ALL, full remission, MCAF induced redevelopment surface phenotypes genetic markers characteristic ALL. The controls incubation ALL lines resulted significant cellular apoptosis, changes cycle, downregulation transcription factors, including PAX-5 Ikaros (75 55 kDa). Fungi are widespread nature, many contain Normally, an individual inhales 1 10 fungal spores per minute, while farmers can inhale up 75,000 minute. It known foresters, who more exposed fungi, higher rate asthmatics, most whom allergic agents, working office settings lower rate. One theories suggests predisposition followed by infectious agent. With above findings, we propose may etiological role leukemogenesis immune-depressed genetically susceptible individuals.

Language: Английский

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Virus targeting as a dominant driver of interfacial evolution in the structurally resolved human-virus protein-protein interaction network

Cell Systems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 101202 - 101202

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Language: Английский

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Molecular characterization of a novel non-segmented double-stranded RNA mycovirus isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae

Archives of Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 170(4)

Published: March 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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Structural Virology: The Key Determinants in Development of Antiviral Therapeutics

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 417 - 417

Published: March 14, 2025

Structural virology has emerged as the foundation for development of effective antiviral therapeutics. It is pivotal in providing crucial insights into three-dimensional frame viruses and viral proteins at atomic-level or near-atomic-level resolution. Structure-based assessment components, including capsids, envelope proteins, replication machinery, host interaction interfaces, instrumental unraveling multiplex mechanisms infection, replication, pathogenesis. The structural elucidation enzymes, proteases, polymerases, integrases, been essential combating like HIV-1 HIV-2, SARS-CoV-2, influenza. Techniques X-ray crystallography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, Cryo-electron Microscopy, Tomography have revolutionized field significantly aided discovery ubiquity chronic infections, along with emergence reemergence new threats necessitate novel strategies agents, while extensive diversity their high mutation rates further underscore critical need analysis to aid development. This review highlights significance structure-based investigations bridging gap between structure function, thus facilitating therapeutics, vaccines, antibodies tackling emerging threats.

Language: Английский

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Phosphate amendment drives bloom of RNA viruses after soil wet-up

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 109791 - 109791

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Effects of Thermal and Antibiotic Treatments on the Viral Accumulation of FcMV1 in Fusarium circinatum Isolates

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 267 - 267

Published: March 31, 2025

Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi, including plant pathogens. The infection of these mycoviruses is sometimes associated with impaired phenotypes their fungal hosts, a phenomenon known as hypovirulence. Thus, using biological control agents has emerged promising tool to combat forest diseases. invasive ascomycete fungus Fusarium circinatum, which causes pine pitch canker (PPC) disease in Pinus tree species and other coniferous trees, infected by the mycovirus circinatum mitovirus 1 (FcMV1), FcMV2-1, FcMV2-2. However, its impact on pathogen fitness remains unclear. most accurate method used identify effect host generation isogenic lines without mycovirus. present study aimed cure F. isolates FcMV1 different approaches. For this purpose, three replicates each isolate were exposed thermal treatment (38 °C) antibiotic (ribavirin, cycloheximide, kanamycin, rifampicin mixed cAMP)(cyclic adenosine monophosphate) for five successive passages. viral titer was then assessed qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) after first week fifth treatment. results revealed differences efficacy among isolates, some showing very low virus titers at end experiment. Both effectively reduced load all isolates. In addition, cycloheximide +cAMP more than ribavirin kanamycin. Fc179 found be prone two (001 Va221). This demonstrated possibility fine-tuning cures mitovirus, order create virus-free strains future.

Language: Английский

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