bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 28, 2025
ABSTRACT
Here
we
investigated
whether
interferon
induced
transmembrane
protein
3
(IFITM3),
a
key
antiviral
deficient
in
certain
human
populations,
affects
interspecies
adaptation
of
SARS-CoV-2.
We
found
that
SARS-CoV-2
Beta
and
Omicron
variants
passaged
through
IFITM3-deficient
versus
wild
type
mice
exhibit
enhanced
replication
pathogenesis
this
new
host
species.
Enhancements
associated
with
amino
acid
substitutions
the
viral
genome,
suggesting
IFITM3
limits
accumulation
adaptive
mutations.
Mouse-adapted
viruses
enabled
comparative
studies
mice.
caused
lung
dysfunction
altered
cilia-associated
gene
programs,
consistent
broad
antigen
distribution
lungs.
Omicron,
which
shows
low
pathogenicity
upper
respiratory
tract
preference
humans,
replicated
to
high
nasal
titers
while
showing
restrained
spatial
lungs
diminished
inflammatory
responses
compared
Beta.
Our
findings
demonstrate
deficiency
accelerates
coronavirus
reveal
intrinsic
variant
traits
shape
tropism,
immunity,
across
hosts.
HIGHLIGHTS
is
critical
barrier
species
strains
enable
pathology
favors
nose
large
airways,
leading
mild
exhibits
replication,
driving
severe
inflammation
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(5), P. 459 - 459
Published: April 25, 2024
Understanding
the
antibody
response
to
SARS-CoV-2,
virus
responsible
for
COVID-19,
is
crucial
comprehending
disease
progression
and
significance
of
vaccine
therapeutic
development.
The
emergence
highly
contagious
variants
poses
a
significant
challenge
humoral
immunity,
underscoring
necessity
grasping
intricacies
specific
antibodies.
This
review
emphasizes
pivotal
role
antibodies
in
shaping
immune
responses
their
implications
diagnosing,
preventing,
treating
SARS-CoV-2
infection.
It
delves
into
kinetics
characteristics
explores
current
antibody-based
diagnostics,
discussing
strengths,
clinical
utility,
limitations.
Furthermore,
we
underscore
potential
SARS-CoV-2-specific
antibodies,
various
therapies
such
as
monoclonal
polyclonal
anti-cytokines,
convalescent
plasma,
hyperimmunoglobulin-based
therapies.
Moreover,
offer
insights
vaccines,
emphasizing
neutralizing
order
confer
immunity
along
with
emerging
concern
(VOCs)
circulating
Omicron
subvariants.
We
also
highlight
challenges
field,
risks
antibody-dependent
enhancement
(ADE)
shed
light
on
associated
original
antigenic
sin
(OAS)
effect
long
COVID.
Overall,
this
intends
provide
valuable
insights,
which
are
advancing
sensitive
diagnostic
tools,
identifying
efficient
therapeutics,
developing
effective
vaccines
combat
evolving
threat
global
scale.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Aug. 31, 2024
Abstract
Continued
evolution
of
SARS-CoV-2
generates
variants
to
challenge
antibody
immunity
established
by
infection
and
vaccination.
A
connection
between
population
genesis
virus
has
long
been
suggested
but
its
molecular
basis
remains
poorly
understood.
Here,
we
identify
a
class
neutralizing
public
antibodies
defined
their
shared
usage
VL6-57
light
chains.
Although
heavy
chains
diverse
genotypes
are
utilized,
convergent
HCDR3
rearrangements
have
observed
among
these
cooperate
with
germline
LCDRs
target
epitope
RBD
residues
S371-S373-S375.
Antibody
repertoire
analysis
identifies
that
this
is
present
in
SARS-CoV-2-naive
individuals
clonally
expanded
most
COVID-19
patients.
We
confirm
Omicron-specific
substitutions
at
S371,
S373
S375
mediate
escape
the
class.
These
findings
support
constitutes
potential
immune
pressure
promoting
introduction
S371L/F-S373P-S375F
Omicron
variants.
The
results
provide
further
evidence
antigenic
driven
mediated
immunity.
One Health Journal,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
3(I), P. 5 - 21
Published: Jan. 25, 2025
Over
a
period
of
5
years,
the
emergent
SARS-CoV-2
virus
underwent
process
adaptation
to
human
body
as
species
host
and
acquired
evolutionary
changes
that
bring
it
closer
routine
respiratory
viruses
in
terms
epidemic
clinical
characteristics.
The
work
presents
systematized
information
on
molecular
genetics
antigenic
characteristics
variants
virus,
categories
their
potential
danger
with
detailed
description
spike
mutations
current
sub-variants
Omicron
(Variants
Interest
(VOI)
-
BA.2.86,
JN.1;
Variants
under
Monitoring
(VUM)
JN.1.7,
JN.1.18,
KP.2,
KP.3,
KP.3.1.1,
LB.1
XEC)
its
de-escalated
subvariants.
effect
some
or
combinations
properties
is
characterized.
trends
prevalence
priority
VOI
VUM
world
are
estimated
trend
rapid
increase
intensity
circulation
KP.3.1.1
XEC
against
background
decrease
other
fall
2024
shown.
issue
immune
imprinting
for
COVID-19
associated
both
natural
infection
vaccination
depending
vaccine
strain
considered.
characterization
FDA-recommended
vaccines
2024/2025
season
provided,
taking
into
account
manufacturing
technology,
strains,
purpose.
Based
analysis
data
effectiveness
relation
risks
infection,
severity
course
disease
mortality,
need
vaccinate
individuals
only
from
risk
groups,
is,
according
medical
age
indications,
emphasized
order
reduce
mortality.
However,
composition
these
must
correspond
epidemically
relevant
virus.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(2), P. 169 - 169
Published: Feb. 10, 2025
Background/Objectives:
The
rapid
evolution
of
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
has
led
to
the
emergence
variants
with
enhanced
transmissibility
and
immune
evasion,
challenging
existing
vaccines.
This
study
aimed
evaluate
immunogenicity
protective
efficacy
inactivated
bivalent
vaccine
formulations
incorporating
ancestral
SARS-CoV-2
strain
(ERAGEM)
either
Delta
or
Omicron
(BA.5)
variants.
Methods:
Bivalent
were
prepared
using
beta-propiolactone-inactivated
antigens
administered
K18-hACE2
transgenic
mice.
Following
prime
booster
immunizations,
neutralizing
antibody
titers
viral
loads
assessed
through
ELISA,
microneutralization
assays,
quantitative
PCR.
Mice
challenged
respective
variants,
survival
rates,
temperature,
body
weight
changes
monitored
for
21
days.
Results:
Both
elicited
significant
increases
in
post-booster
immunization.
ERAGEM
+
group
demonstrated
geometric
mean
(GMTs)
6938.1
4935.0
respectively,
while
achieved
GMTs
16,280.7
24,215.9
Complete
(100%)
was
observed
all
vaccinated
groups
post-challenge,
no
detectable
lungs
substantial
reductions
nasal
turbinate
compared
unvaccinated
controls.
Conclusions:
vaccines
strong
complete
protection
against
disease
preclinical
models.
These
findings
indicate
potential
strategies
addressing
antigenic
diversity
preparing
future
pandemics
caused
by
rapidly
evolving
pathogens.
Journal of Medical Virology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
97(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Mucosal
immunity
is
essential
for
preventing
viral
infections
through
the
mucosal
route.
The
emerging
SARS‐CoV‐2
variants
have
posed
additional
hurdles
to
efficiency
of
existing
vaccines.
rapid
development
novel
vaccines
that
generate
broad
and
systemic
could
be
most
effective
strategy
address
this
issue.
In
study,
we
developed
a
recombinant
replication‐deficient
type‐5
adenoviral
vaccine
with
built‐in
double‐strand
RNA
adjuvant
expresses
Omicron
BA.1
spike
(S)
antigen
(hereinafter
referred
as
“the
oral
vaccine”).
We
found
two
doses
in
BALB/c
mice
generated
long‐lasting
S‐specific
immune
responses,
well
neutralizing
antibodies
SIgA
antibodies.
addition,
compared
an
mRNA
booster,
using
booster
induce
both
immunity,
addressing
limitation
eliciting
immunity.
Prospective
require
further
investigation
into
potential
applications,
particularly
challenge
experiments,
before
clinical
trials.
JMIR Research Protocols,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14, P. e69417 - e69417
Published: March 3, 2025
The
COVID-19
pandemic
has
had
a
profound
global
impact,
leading
to
range
of
persistent
sequelae
referred
as
post-COVID-19
condition
or
"long
COVID"
that
continue
affect
patients
worldwide.
Among
these
sequelae,
insomnia
(PCI)
emerged
significant
issue.
Conventional
treatments,
including
cognitive
behavioral
therapy
and
pharmacological
interventions,
face
limitations
such
variable
efficacy,
potential
side
effects,
substantial
costs.
Recently,
acupuncture
gained
traction
due
its
cost-effectiveness,
safety
profile.
This
study
aims
conduct
meta-analysis
systematic
review
evaluating
the
efficacy
for
treatment
PCI
delineate
optimal
modality,
intervention
frequency,
duration
achieving
most
beneficial
outcomes,
thereby
providing
comprehensive
understanding
acupuncture's
role
in
managing
PCI,
contributing
evidence-based
clinical
practice,
informing
decision-making.
Electronic
searches
will
be
performed
12
databases
from
inception
October
2024
without
language
restrictions.
includes
both
English
(PubMed,
Cochrane
Library,
Web
Science,
Embase,
OVID
Scopus),
well
Chinese
(China
National
Knowledge
Infrastructure,
Wan-Fang
Data,
Biomedical
Literature
Database,
Scientific
Journal
Duxiu
Database
Clinical
Trial
Registry
Center).
Randomized
controlled
trials
on
included.
Primary
outcomes
include
response
rate
severity;
secondary
Traditional
Medicine
Symptom
Scale
(TCMSS)
adverse
event
rates.
Data
synthesis
use
risk
ratios
dichotomous
data
mean
differences
continuous
data.
Study
selection,
extraction,
quality
assessment
conducted
independently
by
2
reviewers.
Methodological
eligible
studies
evaluated
following
Handbook
Systematic
Reviews
Interventions
(version
6.3).
Meta-analysis
with
RevMan
5.3.
Based
rate,
severity,
TCMSS
score,
rates,
this
provide
an
treatment.
present
current
evidence
aiming
inform
practices
decision-making
enhance
PCI.
Furthermore,
it
identify
research
gaps
suggest
areas
future
investigation.
PROSPERO
CRD42024499284;
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=499284.
DERR1-10.2196/69417.
