Acute retroviral syndrome

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2025

Purpose of review To the most important recent literature on definition, epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis and treatment acute retroviral syndrome (ARS), a constellation nonspecific symptoms transient illness occuring in at least 50% persons shortly after HIV acquisition. ARS is driven by initial rapid viral replication dissemination acquisition, followed immune activation massive systemic inflammation. A more detailed understanding for implementation early detection efforts, public health strategies to control HIV. Recent findings research has provided deeper insights into ARS. Key include associations with heightened elevated levels IFNγ multiple other cytokines, particularly IP-10, as well higher load severe CD4 + depletion during infection. These negative impacts can be mitigated antiretroviral therapy initiation long-term outcomes are generally similar treated individals or without Summary Current underscore importance intervention mitigate inform development targeted therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

Challenges of integrating HIV prevention and treatment in China's border mountain regions: a grounded theory study

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: May 9, 2025

HIV remains a critical global public health challenge, with 39 million people living as of 2022 and over 40.4 lives lost to the epidemic. In China, burden is similarly significant, 1.33 cases reported 2024. The challenges are particularly acute in western regions like Yunnan Province, which face resource limitations, socio-demographic disparities, high prevalence among ethnic minorities. This study examines diagnosis, treatment, prevention across various institutions including government bodies, hospitals, disease control centers, primary healthcare institutions. aims identify key integrating treatment China's border mountainous inform targeted strategies for minority impoverished communities. adopts grounded theory approach explore systemic, socio-demographic, cultural barriers impeding integration M City, resource-constrained region Province. From May 2024 January 2025, comprehensive review regional literature, alongside relevant World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, was undertaken contextualize research. To capture multi-level insights, semi-structured interviews were conducted between August December 23 purposively selected participants, individuals HIV, village doctors, providers, local policymakers. qualitative data analyzed through rigorous three-stage coding process-comprising open coding, axial selective coding-consistent methodology, systematically construct refine conceptual categories underpinning challenges. included participants from Through three-level three major themes identified. prevention, patients' inattention difficulties doctors home-based screening, poor enthusiasm hospitals. limited support, variability conditions, medication adherence, quality clinic services, staff, uncertain effects Chinese Western medicine synergy, unsmooth referral mechanisms. issues involved low rates, loose inter-agency cooperation, systemic integration. highlights complex economically underdeveloped regions, emphasizing need improved patient awareness, system efficiency, cross-institutional collaboration. Future research should focus on multi-center, longitudinal studies real-world implementation scale model sustainable care these regions.

Language: Английский

The Proviral Reservoirs of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 15 - 15

Published: Dec. 30, 2024

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) proviral reservoirs are cells that harbor integrated HIV DNA within their nuclear genomes. These form a heterogeneous group, represented by peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMCs), tissue-resident lymphoid and monocytic cells, glial of the central nervous system. The importance studying properties is connected with inaccessibility for modern anti-retroviral therapies (ARTs) block virus reproduction. If treatment not effective enough or interrupted, reservoir can reactivate. Early initiation ART improves prognosis course infection, which explained reduction in pool observed early stages disease. Different subtypes present differences number latent reservoirs, as determined structural functional differences. Unique signatures patients HIV, such elite controllers, have control over viral replication be said to achieved cure infection. Uncovering causes this phenomenon will bring humanity closer curing potential approaches include stem cell transplantation, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/cas9, "Shock kill", "Block lock", application broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs).

Language: Английский