Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) and its sublineages: What do we know so far amid the emergence of recombinant variants of SARS-CoV-2?

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 154, P. 113522 - 113522

Published: Aug. 15, 2022

Since the start of COVID-19 pandemic, numerous variants SARS-CoV-2 have been reported worldwide. The advent concern (VOCs) raises severe concerns amid serious containment efforts against that include physical measures, pharmacological repurposing, immunization, and genomic/community surveillance. Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has identified as a highly modified, contagious, crucial among five VOCs SARS-CoV-2. increased affinity spike protein (S-protein), host receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), due to higher number mutations in receptor-binding domain (RBD) S-protein proposed primary reason for decreased efficacy majorly available vaccines transmissible nature variant. Because its significant competitive advantage, sublineages swiftly surpassed other become dominant circulating lineages nations. prevalent strain United Kingdom South Africa. Furthermore, emergence recombinant through conjunction with or by mixing variant's sublineages/subvariants poses major threat humanity. This various issues hazards regarding sublineages, such an breakout susceptible populations fully vaccinated persons. As result, understanding features genetic implications this is crucial. Hence, we explained depth evolution analyzed repercussions on infectiousness, dissemination ability, viral entry mechanism, immune evasion. We also presented viewpoint feasible strategies precluding counteracting any future catastrophic spread omicron could result detrimental wave cases.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in real-world: a literature review and meta-analysis

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 2383 - 2392

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Knowing vaccine effectiveness (VE) against variants of concern (VOCs) in the real-world setting is essential for public health decision-making. A systematic landscape VE a series clinical outcomes caused by VOCs needed. We systematically searched studies that evaluated and collected individual data. identified 113 meeting eligibility criteria. found full vaccination provided strong protection each outcome with summary ranging from 86.8% to 96.0% Alpha, moderate infection Beta, Gamma Delta 70.9% 72.8%, severe disease 84.9% 90.3%, limited 23.5% (95% CI, 17.0-29.5) 56.5% 82.4% diseases Omicron. Booster can provide substantial improvement Omicron, but not as much Delta. The meta-regression analysis showed Omicron wanned over time, hospitalization declined relatively slowly, compared infection. Those findings supported need measures, increasing booster coverage response current new infectious waves driven developing broadly protective vaccines confront virus evolution.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of the Effectiveness and Safety of Heterologous Booster Doses with Homologous Booster Doses for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(17), P. 10752 - 10752

Published: Aug. 29, 2022

As vaccine resources were distributed unevenly worldwide, sometimes there might have been shortages or delays in supply; therefore, considering the use of heterogeneous booster doses for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) be an alternative strategy. Therefore, we aimed to review data available evaluate and compare effectiveness safety heterologous with homologous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines. We searched relevant studies up 27 April 2022. Random-effects inverse variance models used (VE) its 95% confidence interval (CI) COVID-19 outcomes odds ratio (OR) CI events. The Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale Cochrane Collaboration's tool assess included cohort studies. A total 23 involving 1,726,506 inoculation cases dose 5,343,580 was included. VE prevention SARS-CoV-2 infection (VEheterologous = 96.10%, VEhomologous 84.00%), symptomatic 56.80%, 17.30%), COVID-19-related hospital admissions 97.40%, 93.20%) higher than booster. Compared group, a risk fever (OR 1.930, CI, 1.199-3.107), myalgia 1.825, 1.079-3.089), malaise fatigue 1.745, 1.047-2.906) within 7 days after boosting, 4.140, 1.729-9.916) 28 boosting group. geometric mean neutralizing titers (GMTs) antibody different variants response rate gama interferon Our findings suggested that both had great effectiveness, immunogenicity, acceptable safety, more effective, which would help make appropriate public health decisions reduce hesitancy vaccination.

Language: Английский

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Serum neutralisation of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron sublineage BA.2

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(6), P. e404 - e404

Published: March 28, 2022

The rapidly emerging SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant is associated with high transmissibility, compromised serum neutralising activity, and reduced vaccine effectiveness.1Lu L Mok BW Chen LL et al.Neutralization of Omicron by sera from BNT162b2 or Coronavac recipients.Clin Infect Dis. 2021; (published online Dec 16.)https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab1041Crossref Scopus (113) Google Scholar, 2Chen Chua GT Lu al.Omicron susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies induced in children natural infection COVID-19 vaccine.Emerg Microbes Infect. 2022; 11: 543-547Crossref PubMed (23) 3WHOCOVID-19 weekly epidemiological update.https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---8-february-2022Date: Feb 8, 2022Date accessed: February 12, 2022Google Scholar BA.1 the dominant sublineage, making up more than 97% sequences worldwide November December, 2021, whereas BA.2 BA.3 were rare.3WHOCOVID-19 Hence, early studies mainly based on sublineage. Since January, 2022, there has been a sudden upsurge Europe Asia, accounting for 15·6% detected at end 2022.3WHOCOVID-19 In view increasing importance, an urgent need assess activity against BA.2, which correlates effectiveness.We measured antibody (NAb) live virus NAb assay,1Lu report results here. We tested specimens collected individuals who had received three doses (three-dose vaccinated; n=21; appendix p 4),4Khong K-W Liu D Leung K-Y al.Antibody response combination CoronaVac platforms vaccines variant.Vaccines (Basel). 10: 160Crossref (19) patients 2020 one dose Pfizer-BioNTech after recovery (pre-variant concern [VOC] convalescent, one-dose n=15),5Lu Zhang RR al.Boosting among recovered vaccines.SSRN. 8.) (preprint).https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4029746Google but not vaccinated (pre-VOC non-vaccinated; n=9),5Lu recently infected sublineage (omicron convalescent; n=10; 4). Overall (n=55), geometric mean titre (GMT) was 1·68 (CI 1·63–1·73) times higher (73·2 vs 43·7 BA.1; p<0·0001; 2). Subgroup analysis showed that GMT 2·0 (95% CI 1·99–2·01) pre-VOC group (422·2 211·1 p=0·0005), 2·3 2·12-2·56) non-vaccinated (29·4 12·6 p=0·0078), 1·63–2·50) convalescent (32·5 16·3 p=0·031). However, difference between three-dose statistically significant (p=0·14).To better understand BA.1, we calculated ratio each individual. All group; equal titres BA.1. four (19%) 21 lower BA.2-to-BA.1 numerically other groups, only significantly (p=0·041; 3).Our data indicate immune escape as severe suggesting viral host factors are driving rapid spread BA.2. correlate effectiveness, our suggest currently available might be effective This study approved institutional review board University Hong Kong/Hospital Authority Kong West Cluster (UW 13–265 UW 21–214) Hospital Kowloon (KW/EX-20–038[144–26]). Written informed consent obtained all participants. effectiveness. (p=0·14). To 3). Our declare no competing interests. L-LC AW-HC contributed equally. work supported Health Medical Research Fund, Food Bureau, Government Special Administrative Region (ref no. COVID190124 COVID1903010 [Project 1]), Emergency Collaborative Project (EKPG22-01) Guangzhou Laboratory, donations Richard Yu Carol Yu, Shaw Foundation Kong, Michael Seak-Kan Tong, May Tam Mak Mei Yin, Lee Wan Keung Charity Foundation, Sanatorium Hospital, Respiratory Viral Hui Ming, Hoy Chow Sin Lan Chan Yin Chuen Memorial Charitable Marina Man-Wai Lee, Hainan Commercial Association South China Microbiology Jessie George Ho Kai Chong Tse Kam Ming Laurence, Foo Oi Betty Hing-Chu Ping Cham So. funders role design, collection, analysis, interpretation, writing report. authors full access final responsibility decision submit publication. KK-WT directly accessed verified underlying data. Data corresponding author upon reasonable request. Supplementary Material Download .pdf (.57 MB) Help pdf files

Language: Английский

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Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the mRNA vaccine CS-2034 as a heterologous booster versus homologous booster with BBIBP-CorV in adults aged ≥18 years: a randomised, double-blind, phase 2b trial

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(9), P. 1020 - 1030

Published: May 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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Booster COVID-19 vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: A systematic review

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(5)

Published: May 2, 2022

There is a wealth of data suggesting that the effectiveness existing vaccines against Omicron variant, most mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant to date, has been substantially reduced if only primary vaccination administered. Therefore, booster become topic current interest. We conducted comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library collect various pseudovirus neutralization tests or live virus for with serum specimens from vaccinees. extracted titers original strain, other variants before after vaccination, then manually calculated fold increase decrease relative variants, compared vaccination. In two-dose regimen, decreased strain variants. However, both homologous heterologous antibodies was significantly improved, although still lower than The program based on can produce broad but incomplete immunity variant.

Language: Английский

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Traditional Chinese Medicines Against COVID-19

World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 279 - 313

Published: July 1, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, continues to be a global concern. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are an important element of fight against COVID-19 in China. The combined application TCMs and conventional treatment has achieved beneficial results, including resolution symptoms, prevention progression, reduced mortality. In this review, we summarize discuss current applications with respect COVID-19, as well update preclinical clinical research, chemical analysis, molecular mechanisms, quality control, drug development, studies efficacy. expectation is that better understanding roles will improve response both China globally.

Language: Английский

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Booster dose of BNT162b2 after two doses of CoronaVac improves neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Communications Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: June 29, 2022

The emergence of the new SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which is known to have a large number mutations when compared other variants, brought light concern about vaccine escape, especially from neutralization by antibodies induced vaccination.Based on viral microneutralization assays, we evaluated in 90 individuals impact antibody induction, against booster dose BNT162b2 mRNA after CoronaVac primary vaccination scheme.Here show that percentage seroconverted 30 and 60 days scheme was 16.6% 10%, respectively. After administration, seroconvertion rate increased 76.6%. mean titer protocol decreased over time, but dose, 43.1 times.These results indicate positive this combination serological immune response variant.

Language: Английский

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Risk Factors for Slow Viral Decline in COVID-19 Patients during the 2022 Omicron Wave

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 1714 - 1714

Published: Aug. 4, 2022

Formulating termination of isolation (de-isolation) policies requires up-to-date knowledge about viral shedding dynamics. However, current de-isolation are largely based on load data obtained before the emergence Omicron variant. In this retrospective cohort study involving adult patients hospitalised for COVID-19 between January and February 2022, we sought to determine SARS-CoV-2 kinetics investigate risk factors associated with slow decline during 2022 wave. A total 104 were included. The was highest (Ct value lowest) days 1 post-symptom-onset (PSO) gradually declined. Older age, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia chronic kidney disease in univariate analysis both day 7 10 PSO, while incomplete or no vaccination PSO only. older age only factor that remained statistically significant multivariate analysis. conclusion, is an independent conducted Omicron-dominant Transmission-based precaution guidelines should take into consideration when determining timing de-isolation.

Language: Английский

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Comparing the B and T cell-mediated immune responses in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving mRNA or inactivated COVID-19 vaccines

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 11, 2022

Acquiring protective immunity through vaccination is essential, especially for patients with type 2 diabetes who are vulnerable adverse clinical outcomes during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Type (T2D) associated immune dysfunction. Here, we evaluated the impact of T2D on immunological responses induced by mRNA (BNT162b2) and inactivated (CoronaVac) vaccines, two most commonly used COVID-19 vaccines. The study consisted parts. In Part 1, sera titres IgG antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV2) alpha receptor binding domain ( RBD), their neutralizing capacity, antigen-specific CD4 + T CD8 cell at 3-6 months after were compared between BNT162b2 (n=60) CoronaVac (n=50) vaccinees or without T2D. was a time-course investigating initial B among (n=16) Our data showed that impaired both cellular humoral CoronaVac. For BNT162b2, displayed reduction in T-helper 1 (Th1) differentiation following first dose. However, this defect rectified second dose resulting comparable levels memory cells, anti-RBD IgG, healthy individuals vaccination. Hence, influences effectiveness vaccines depending platform. findings provide potential mechanism susceptibility developing observed received either just one BNT162b2.

Language: Английский

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