Routine malaria vaccination in Africa: a step toward malaria eradication?

Malaria Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, with nearly half of the world's population at risk infection. In 2022 alone, malaria claimed approximately 608,000 lives, 76% these fatalities occurring in children under age five, underscoring disease's disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations. Africa bears highest burden, accounting for 94% cases. For over 60 years, development vaccine has been critical objective scientists and governments, substantial efforts directed toward this goal. Recent progress led to approval first vaccines, RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix®) R21/Matrix-M vaccine. Inspired by promise community renewed its focus eradication, 50 years after flawed earlier eradication mid-twentieth century. Since World Health Organization's endorsement RTS,S 2021 R21 2023, several African countries, beginning Cameroon, have integrated vaccines into routine immunization programmes. This review examines role vaccination as key strategy elimination, explores challenges solutions widespread implementation, discusses future directions ongoing fight eliminate continent.

Language: Английский

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Ongoing Efforts to Improve Antimicrobial Utilization in Hospitals among African Countries and Implications for the Future

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1824 - 1824

Published: Dec. 15, 2022

There are serious concerns with rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across countries increasing morbidity, mortality and costs. These have resulted in a plethora of initiatives globally nationally including national action plans (NAPs) to reduce AMR. Africa is no exception, especially the highest rates AMR globally. Key activities NAPs include gaining greater understanding current utilization patterns through point prevalence surveys (PPS) subsequently instigating stewardship programs (ASPs). Consequently, there need comprehensively document among hospitals coupled ASP studies. In total, 33 PPS studies ranging from single up 18 were documented narrative review typically over 50% in-patients prescribed antimicrobials, 97.6% Nigeria. The penicillins, ceftriaxone metronidazole, most antibiotics. Appreciable extended prescribing antibiotics 6 days or more post-operatively was seen prevent surgical site infections. At least 19 ASPs been instigated recent years improve future utilizing range indicators. various findings suggested that key stakeholders, governments healthcare professionals, should undertake short, medium long term Africa.

Language: Английский

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Mpox in Nigeria: Perceptions and knowledge of the disease among critical stakeholders—Global public health consequences

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. e0283571 - e0283571

Published: March 30, 2023

Background The mpox (monkeypox) disease is a re-emerging viral zoonosis of international concern that endemic in parts Africa. virus (MPXV), which was hitherto largely limited to some Central and West African countries, declared public health emergency by the WHO on July 23, 2022 following rapid spread non-endemic countries. Globally, as March 16, 2023, had reported 86,496 laboratory-confirmed cases 111 deaths 110 Of 1,420 Africa Nigeria alone recorded 57.1% (812) confirmed eight fatalities continent. To help improve understanding current situation Nigeria, present study assessed perception knowledge among Nigerian healthcare workers, academics tertiary students. also sought highlight global significance MPXV, recommend One Health approach limit exporting beyond borders Nigeria. Methods A web-based cross-sectional survey conducted between 24 12 August evaluate 1544 Nigerians, consisted workers (n = 832), 306) students 462). Data respondents’ socio demographics their information sources were collected. Each correct response allotted one point while an incorrect scored zero. scores for dichotomized into positive (>5.5) negative (≤5.5) adequate (>5.8) inadequate (≤5.8), respectively; using average knowledge. score summarised presented mean standard deviation (SD). Chi-square tests association binary logistic regression carried out determine factors associated with outcome variables. Results 1452 respondents heard mpox, 878 (60.5%) 419 (28.9%) concerning MPXV infection respectively. Average 5.5. Mean 4.5(SD: 2.0) 5.8 (SD: 1.9), Factors significantly level age (p 0.020) educational qualification attained 0.004), occupation (p<0.001), geopolitical zone residency 0.001). There correlation (r 0.4, p<0.001). Positive perceptions likely who education, residing North-west Likewise, under 30 years age, education or reside Sources 0.004) (p<0.001) respondents. Conclusion findings this show there disparity population, result, need intensify awareness about enhance This has potential safeguard contain thus preventing it from spreading community. involving animal human imperative improved good towards respondents, enhanced active surveillance early detection reservoir hosts (rodents non-human primates); prevent reverse zoonotic transmission at human-animal interface.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

AIDS and Behavior, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(7), P. 2183 - 2192

Published: April 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers in Lusaka, Zambia; Findings and Implications for the Future

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1350 - 1350

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

The uptake of COVID-19 vaccines is critical to address the severe consequences disease. Previous studies have suggested that many healthcare workers (HCWs) are hesitant receive vaccine, further enhancing hesitancy rates within countries. vaccine acceptance and levels currently unknown among HCWs in Zambia, which a concern given burden infectious diseases country. Consequently, this study assessed Lusaka, Zambia. A cross-sectional was conducted 240 between August September 2022, using semi-structured questionnaire. Multivariable analysis used determine key factors associated with HCWs. Of who participated, 54.2% were females. total 72.1% would accept being vaccinated, while 27.9% hesitant. Moreover, 93.3% had positive attitudes towards vaccines, medical doctors having highest mean attitude score (82%). Encouragingly, reduced odds (AOR = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.11,

Language: Английский

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Confidence in COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and safety and its effect on vaccine uptake in Tanzania: A community-based cross-sectional study

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

COVID-19 is a major public health threat associated with increased disease burden, mortality, and economic loss to countries communities. Safe efficacious vaccines are key in halting reversing the pandemic. Low confidence has been one of factors leading hesitancy. We aimed assess vaccine (safety effectiveness), factors, its effects on uptake among general community members Tanzania. This was community-based cross-sectional survey conducted from December 2021 April 2022 six regions Tanzania mainland two Zanzibar. Participants were interviewed using an electronic questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (ORs) 95% interval (CI) for confidence. All analyses performed SPSS version 25.0. The study enrolled 3470 Tanzanian members; their mean age 40.3 (standard deviation ±14.9) years, 34% males. proportion 54.6%. Geographical region, residence area, risk perception, good knowledge significantly Confidence over three times higher uptake. low Innovative engagement strategies region-specific interventions needed improve comprehensive address perceptions attitudes toward vaccines.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccine anxieties: exploring social and political drivers of vaccine attitudes in Kono District, Sierra Leone

Journal of Biosocial Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 16

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Abstract As COVID-19 spread rapidly during the early months of pandemic, many communities around globe anxiously waited for a vaccine. At start it was widely believed that Africa would be significant source infection, and thus, vaccinating African became primary goal among local global health authorities. However, when vaccine available in March 2021 Sierra Leone, people viewed with scepticism hesitation. While much literature has focused on access distribution-related challenges vaccination region, growing number studies discuss hesitancy as driving low uptake. Shifting attention to understanding determinants remains fundamental increasing rates, negative perceptions tend delay or prevent vaccination. This study sought do this by assessing, through semi-structured qualitative interviews, vaccine-related attitudes experiences residents Leone’s Kono District. In contrast utilise “knowledge-deficit” models belief, however, drew upon anxieties framework (Leach Fairhead, 2007), which views vaccines being imbued personal, historical, political meaning. Findings suggest important bodily, social, factors, including fear side effects, misinformation prompted poor messaging strategies, distrust government international actors, influenced people’s behaviours. It is hoped study’s findings will inform future policies interventions related uptake globally.

Language: Английский

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Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Established and Novel Antenatal Vaccination Uptake in a Cohort of Pregnant Women in Uganda

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44(2S), P. S92 - S96

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Introduction: Vaccination is a key strategy to safeguard the health of pregnant women and newborns. Although vaccine acceptance often higher in low- middle-income countries, COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted increasing hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy, specifically women, must be understood increase uptake. We used data from Ugandan pregnancy registry study examine sociodemographic factors linked uptake vaccines (tetanus toxoid later COVID-19) pregnancy. Methods: Pregnant were recruited Kampala, Uganda, as part PREPARE (Prevention invasive Group B Streptococcus disease young infants: pathway for evaluation & licensure an investigational maternal GBS vaccine) September 1, 2020 until February 24, 2022. Demographic, socioeconomic obstetric collected alongside tetanus vaccination. Results: One thousand five hundred sixty-eight participants included: 151 (10%) unvaccinated, 11 (1%) received only, 1230 (78%) only 176 (11%) both. Lower vaccination rates seen attending fewer than 4 antenatal care episodes ( P < 0.001), those with parity = 0.036). Higher managerial or professional occupation education level, but paternal was not significantly associated Parish varied 0% 100%, 49 (29%) parishes showing rate <90%. Conclusions: This highlights route promotion, stark difference between new established vaccines. Further qualitative studies should investigate effective interventions establish safety benefit newer across all demographic groups.

Language: Английский

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Mapping Vaccination Mindsets among UK Residents of Black Ethnicities with HIV: Lessons from COVID-19

AIDS and Behavior, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 10, 2025

Abstract Vaccine hesitancy is a leading threat to public health, but little known about the beliefs and mindsets that drive vaccine hesitancy, especially among people of Black ethnicities. This study aimed understand related their relationship with SARS-CoV-2 uptake in UK residents ethnicities living HIV. Adults self-reported HIV were recruited at 12 clinics England. Participants completed questionnaires clinic, including an adapted version Beliefs Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) assess Necessity Concerns vaccine. vaccination status was ascertained through self-report shared care records. A total 863 participants enrolled between June 2021 October 2022, most whom (92%) had received least one dose SARS CoV-2 After adjusting for age region birth, higher perceived need (OR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.51–3.81), fewer concerns 0.16, 0.08–0.30), weaker endorsement COVID-19 Conspiracy 0.31, 0.19–0.50) associated uptake. Being born outside sub-Saharan Africa reduced odds being vaccinated. shows importance specific driving Further studies should explore role these influencing other vaccinations, work key stakeholders how address improve populations.

Language: Английский

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Willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and associated factors in Migori County, Kenya: Analysis of cross-sectional observational survey data

PLOS Global Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. e0003699 - e0003699

Published: March 13, 2025

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the daunting challenge of vaccine hesitancy. We aimed to describe attitudes towards virus containment and vaccination in rural Kenya. Identifying factors associated with willingness be vaccinated information sources health worker outreach, will allow for targeted programming prevention methods. Methods This was a cross-sectional observational survey. study conducted Migori County, 7,196 heads households were surveyed between May 3, 2021 June 25, 2021. primary outcome receive vaccine. Results 5,386 total (74.8%) willing get COVD-19 vaccination. Those tested if experiencing symptoms (AOR=7.51, 95% CI=3.04-18.55, P-value<0.001) those who believe everyone should according national schedule (AOR=18.91, CI=6.76-52.88, more likely recommendation Ministry Health highest factor vaccinated, 27% (1942) reporting this extremely influenced their decision. Nearly half respondents (3047, 42.3%) believed there is possibility that global conspiracy. None demographic analyzed Discussion contribute new Kenyan community. Measuring against covariables selected based on previous literature programmatic experience provides hyper-local improve regional future preparedness organizations working similar environments.

Language: Английский

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