Cross-protection induced by highly conserved human B, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cell epitopes-based vaccine against severe infection, disease, and death caused by multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created one of the largest global health crises in almost a century. Although current rate Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections decreased significantly, long-term outlook COVID-19 remains serious cause morbidity and mortality worldwide, with still substantially surpassing even that recorded for influenza viruses. continued emergence SARS-CoV-2 variants concern (VOCs), including multiple heavily mutated Omicron sub-variants, prolonged underscores urgent need next-generation vaccine will protect from VOCs. Methods We designed multi-epitope-based incorporated B, CD4 + , CD8 T- cell epitopes conserved among all known VOCs selectively recognized by T-cells asymptomatic patients irrespective VOC infection. safety, immunogenicity, cross-protective immunity this pan-variant were studied against six using an innovative triple transgenic h-ACE-2-HLA-A2/DR mouse model. Results (i) is safe (ii) induces high frequencies lung-resident functional T EM RM cells (iii) provides robust protection virus replication. COVID-19-related lung pathology death caused VOCs: Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma or P1 (B.1.1.28.1), Delta (lineage B.1.617.2), (B.1.1.529). Conclusion A multi-epitope bearing human B- structural non-structural antigens induced facilitated clearance, reduced morbidity, pathology,

Language: Английский

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Plaque Psoriasis Exacerbation and COVID-19 Vaccination: Assessing the Characteristics of the Flare and the Exposome Parameters

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 178 - 178

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

The diverse patient population and widespread vaccination in the COVD-19 era make vaccine-triggered episodes of psoriasis an ideal model exposome research. This scenario explores fine balance between protective exacerbating factors, providing insights into complex relationship environmental exposure immunopathogenesis when a trigger appears, such as that hyperinflammatory state induced by COVID-19 vaccine. Analyzing interactions vaccine-induced phenomena parameters may provide clinically relevant information important for personalized medicine decision-making. We performed literature review seeking patients with plaque flares or new onset change another subtype, pustular erythrodermic flare, focusing on inner external traits patients. identified 71 flares, 12 new-onset psoriasis, 17 subtype change, assessed terms clinical presentation, post-vaccination flare period treatment status, well (genomics, oxidative stress, hormonal impact due to gender, aging, skin color) (UV, infectomics). Novel data following are primarily obtained combining episode features characteristics comparing them similar unrelated vaccination.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: The Advantage of Mucosal Vaccine Delivery and Local Immunity

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 795 - 795

Published: July 18, 2024

Immunity against respiratory pathogens is often short-term, and, consequently, there an unmet need for the effective prevention of such infections. One infectious disease coronavirus 19 (COVID-19), which caused by novel Beta SARS-CoV-2 that emerged around end 2019. The World Health Organization declared illness a pandemic on 11 March 2020, and since then it has killed or sickened millions people globally. development COVID-19 systemic vaccines, impressively led to significant reduction in severity, hospitalization, mortality, contained pandemic’s expansion. However, these vaccines have not been able stop virus from spreading because restricted mucosal immunity. As result, breakthrough infections frequently occurred, new strains emerging. Furthermore, will likely continue circulate like influenza virus, co-exist with humans. upper tract nasal cavity are primary sites infection thus, mucosal/nasal vaccination induce response virus’ transmission warranted. In this review, we present status both approved those under evaluation clinical trials. our approach B-cell peptide-based applied prime-boost schedule elicit

Language: Английский

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Mucosal immunity in COVID-19: a comprehensive review

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Mucosal immunity plays a crucial role in defending against coronaviruses, particularly at respiratory sites, serving as the first line of defense viral invasion and replication. Coronaviruses have developed various immune evasion strategies mucosal system, hindering recognition infected cells evading antibody responses. Understanding mechanisms responses is for developing effective vaccines therapeutics coronaviruses. The COVID-19 significant, influencing both local systemic to virus. Although most clinical studies focus on antibodies cellular peripheral blood, tract play key early restriction replication clearance SARS-CoV-2. Identification biomarkers associated with will allow monitoring infection-induced immunity. Mucosally delivered those under trials are being compared contrasted understand their effectiveness inducing A greater understanding lung tissue-based may lead improved diagnostic prognostic procedures novel treatment aimed reducing disease burden community-acquired pneumonia, avoiding manifestations infection excess morbidity mortality. This comprehensive review article outlines current evidence about SARS-CoV-2 infection, well potential protection (re-)infection. It also proposes that there significant secretory circulating IgA COVID-19, it important elucidate this order comprehend especially asymptomatic mild states which appear account majority cases. Moreover, possible can be exploited beneficial diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic purposes. findings from recent used develop treatments effectively target

Language: Английский

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Biomimetic Molecularly Imprinted Nanogels for the Recognition of Spike Glycoproteins

ACS Applied Bio Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

The rapid spread and mutation of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, has set foundation extensive research into next-generation therapeutic strategies. A critical component SARS-CoV-2 is trimeric Spike (S) glycoprotein, which facilitates viral entry host cells by interacting with receptor-binding domain (RBD). To inhibit block entry, we designed developed molecularly imprinted synthetic nanogel antibodies (MIP-SNAs) that cap S1 RBD. This aims to provide a versatile, biosecure, effective tool prevention treatment infection. Herein, employed reverse miniemulsion polymerization synthesize MIP-SNAs using poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), nontoxic, nonimmunogenic FDA-approved polymer, able interact noncovalently functional groups template In addition, formulation was based on preliminary investigation protein conformation circular dichroism. Characterization SNAs conducted several techniques investigate chemical structure, thermal stability, size, morphology. Under optimal conditions, exhibited high specificity, rebinding capacities up 6-fold higher compared control nonimprinted antibodies. also demonstrated notable selectivity toward RBD structural resembling proteins Bat-CoV, while cytocompatibility assays confirmed biocompatible character SNAs. Given excellent features recently MIP-SNAs, are one step closer finding efficient but patient-friendly solutions Beyond immediate applications, this technology offers potential broader diagnostic uses against related pathogens.

Language: Английский

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The comprehensive insights into the B-cells-mediated immune response against COVID-19 infection amid the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 185, P. 117936 - 117936

Published: March 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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Synergistic Antiviral Activity of European Black Elderberry Fruit Extract and Quinine Against SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virusa

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(7), P. 1205 - 1205

Published: March 29, 2025

The persistent threat of emerging respiratory RNA viruses like SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A virus (IAV) necessitates the continuous development effective, safe, broadly acting, generally accessible antiviral agents. Current treatments often face limitations such as early administration requirements, resistance development, limited global access. Natural products, European black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.; S. nigra) fruit extract quinine, have been used historically against viral infections. In this study, we investigated efficacy a standardized containing 3.2% anthocyanins (EC 3.2) and, second natural product, IAV in vitro. Madin-Darby Canine Kidney II (MDCKII) cells were infected with PR-8, while human Calu-3 lung epithelial Wuhan-type SARS-CoV-2. Cells treated varying concentrations EC 3.2 quinine either mono- or combinational therapy. Viral replication was assessed using quantitative RT-PCR, cell viability evaluated WST-1 assays. Our results demonstrate, for first time, that both individually inhibited dose-dependent manner, IC50 values approximately 1:400 250 nM quinine. Most importantly, treatment exhibited strong synergistic effect, confirmed by Bliss independence model (synergy scores 14.7 IAV, 27.8 SARS-CoV-2), without affecting viability. These findings suggest combined use might serve an effective strategy SARS-CoV-2, particularly since effect allows lower doses each product retaining therapeutic efficacy. summary, vitro approach, when expanded to other clinical studies, has potential open promising avenue pandemic preparedness.

Language: Английский

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Dynamic Evolution of Humoral and T-Cell Specific Immune Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Followed until the Booster Dose

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 8525 - 8525

Published: May 10, 2023

This study characterizes antibody and T-cell immune responses over time until the booster dose of COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) undergoing different disease-modifying treatments (DMTs). We prospectively enrolled 134 PwMS 99 health care workers (HCWs) having completed two-dose schedule a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine within last 2-4 weeks (T0) followed them 24 after first (T1) 4-6 (T2). presented significant reduction seroconversion rate anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD)-Immunoglobulin (IgG) titers from T0 to T1 (p < 0.0001) increase T2 0.0001). The showed good improvement serologic response, even greater than HCWs, as it promoted five-fold anti-RBD-IgG compared Similarly, response 1.5- 3.8-fold at = 0.013) 0.0001), respectively, without modulation number responders. Regardless elapsed since vaccination, most ocrelizumab- (77.3%) fingolimod-treated (93.3%) only T-cell-specific or humoral-specific respectively. reinforces humoral- cell-mediated-specific highlights specific DMT-induced frailties, suggesting need for specifically tailored strategies immune-compromised provide primary prophylaxis, early SARS-CoV-2 detection timely management antiviral treatments.

Language: Английский

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A multi-epitope/CXCL11 prime/pull coronavirus mucosal vaccine boosts the frequency and the function of lung-resident memory CD4 ⁺ and CD8 ⁺ T cells and enhanced protection against COVID-19-like symptoms and death caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 97(12)

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Although the current rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections has decreased significantly, COVID-19 still ranks very high as a cause death worldwide. As October 2023, weekly mortality is at 600 deaths in United States alone, which surpasses even worst rates recorded for influenza. Thus, long-term outlook serious concern outlining need next-generation vaccine. This study found that prime/pull coronavirus vaccine strategy increased frequency functional SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4

Language: Английский

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Cross-Protection Induced by Highly Conserved Human B, CD4^+,and CD8⁺T Cell Epitopes-Based Coronavirus Vaccine Against Severe Infection, Disease, and Death Caused by Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 24, 2023

ABSTRACT Background The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created one of the largest global health crises in almost a century. Although current rate SARS-CoV-2 infections decreased significantly; long-term outlook COVID-19 remains serious cause high death worldwide; with mortality still surpassing even worst rates recorded for influenza viruses. continuous emergence variants concern (VOCs), including multiple heavily mutated Omicron sub-variants, have prolonged and outlines urgent need next-generation vaccine that will protect from VOCs. Methods In present study, we designed multi-epitope-based incorporated B, CD4 + , CD8 T cell epitopes conserved among all known VOCs selectively recognized by T-cells asymptomatic patients irrespective VOC infection. safety, immunogenicity, cross-protective immunity this pan-Coronavirus were studied against six using an innovative triple transgenic h-ACE-2-HLA-A2/DR mouse model. Results Pan-Coronavirus vaccine: ( i ) is safe; ii induces frequencies lung-resident functional EM RM cells; iii provides robust protection virus replication COVID-19-related lung pathology caused VOCs: Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma or P1 (B.1.1.28.1), Delta (lineage B.1.617.2) (B.1.1.529). Conclusions : A multi-epitope bearing human B structural non-structural antigens induced cleared virus, reduced

Language: Английский

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