The Importance of Vaccination in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Brief Update Regarding the Use of Vaccines

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 591 - 591

Published: April 12, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has led the world to undertake largest vaccination campaign in human history. In record time, unprecedented scientific and governmental efforts have resulted acquisition of immunizers utilizing different technologies (nucleotide acids, viral vectors, inactivated protein-based vaccines). Currently, 33 vaccines already been approved by regulatory agencies countries, more than 10 billion doses administered worldwide. Despite undeniable impact on control pandemic, recurrent emergence new variants interest raised challenges. recent mutations precede outbreaks that rapidly spread at global proportions. addition, reducing protective efficacy rates observed among main authorized vaccines. Besides these issues, several other crucial issues for appropriate combatting remain uncertain or under investigation. Particularly noteworthy include use vaccine-boosting strategies increase protection; concerns related long-term safety vaccines, child immunization reliability uncommon adverse events; persistence virus society; transition from a an endemic state. this review, we describe updated scenario regarding SARS-CoV-2 outline current discussions covering vaccine efficacy, future perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Optimization of storage conditions for lipid nanoparticle-formulated self-replicating RNA vaccines

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 353, P. 241 - 253

Published: Nov. 30, 2022

The recent clinical success of multiple mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has proven the potential RNA formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) humans, and products based on base-modified RNA, sequence-optimized self-replicating RNAs LNPs are all various stages development. However, much remains to be learned about critical parameters governing manufacturing use LNP-RNA formulations. One important issue that received limited attention literature date is identification optimal storage conditions for preserve long-term activity Here, we analyzed physical structure, vivo expression characteristics, functional alphavirus-derived (repRNA)-loaded encoding HIV vaccine antigens following varying temperatures, buffers, presence or absence cryoprotectants. We found with compositions similar clinically-used LNPs, RNAse-free PBS containing 10% (w/v) sucrose at −20 °C was able maintain stability potency a level equivalent freshly prepared 30 days storage. loaded repRNA could also lyophilized retention bioactivity.

Language: Английский

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A dual-antigen self-amplifying RNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces potent humoral and cellular immune responses and protects against SARS-CoV-2 variants through T cell-mediated immunity

Molecular Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(9), P. 2968 - 2983

Published: April 21, 2022

Self-amplifying RNA vaccines may induce equivalent or more potent immune responses at lower doses compared to non-replicating mRNA via amplified antigen expression. In this paper, we demonstrate that 1 μg of an LNP-formulated dual-antigen self-amplifying vaccine (ZIP1642), encoding both the S-RBD and N antigen, elicits considerably higher neutralizing antibody titers against Wuhan-like Beta B.1.351 Delta B.1.617.2 SARS-CoV-2 variants those convalescent patients. addition, ZIP1642 vaccination in mice expanded S- N-specific CD3+CD4+ CD3+CD8+ T cells caused a Th1 shifted cytokine response. We induction such dual antigen-targeted cell-mediated response provide better protection displaying highly mutated Spike proteins, as infectious viral loads were decreased after challenge vaccinated hamsters. Supported by these results, encourage redirecting focus toward multiple immunity addition bypass waning attenuate breakthrough disease severity future variants.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19: Why Do People Refuse Vaccination? The Role of Social Identities and Conspiracy Beliefs: Evidence from Nationwide Samples of Polish Adults

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 268 - 268

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

In the present research, we focus on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and empirically examine how different forms of social identity (defensive vs. secure national identification with all humanity) conspiracy beliefs are associated hesitancy. two cross-sectional nationwide surveys (Study 1,

Language: Английский

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The impact of nucleoside base modification in mRNA vaccine is influenced by the chemistry of its lipid nanoparticle delivery system

Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32, P. 794 - 806

Published: May 9, 2023

The use of modified nucleosides is an important approach to mitigate the intrinsic immunostimulatory activity exogenous mRNA and increase its translation for therapeutic applications. However, vaccine applications, nature unmodified could help induce productive immunity. Additionally, ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) used deliver vaccines can possess properties that may influence impact nucleoside modification. Here we show uridine replacement with N1-methylpseudouridine in encoding influenza hemagglutinin had a significant on induction innate chemokines/cytokines positive functional antibody titers mice macaques when MC3 or KC2 LNPs were as delivery systems, while it impacted only minimally obtained L319 LNPs, indicating modification efficacy varies LNP composition. In line previous observations, noticed inverse correlation between high IFN-α antigen-specific immune responses. Furthermore, consistent species specificity pathogen recognition receptors, found effect did not strictly translate from non-human primates.

Language: Английский

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Antibiotic resistance and tolerance: What can drug delivery do against this global threat?

Drug Delivery and Translational Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1725 - 1734

Published: Feb. 10, 2024

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance and tolerance (AMR&T) are urgent global health concerns, with alarmingly increasing numbers of antimicrobial drugs failing a corresponding rise in related deaths. Several reasons for this situation can be cited, such as the misuse traditional antibiotics, massive use sanitizing measures, overuse antibiotics agriculture, fisheries, cattle. AMR&T management requires multifaceted approach involving various strategies at different levels, patient’s awareness measures to reduce new resistances, reduction current or abuse, improvement selectivity treatments. Also, identification including small molecules more complex approaches, is key factor. Among these, novel DNA- RNA-based phages, CRISPR technologies some potent under development. In perspective article, emerging experienced leaders drug delivery discuss most important biological barriers reach infectious bacteria (bacterial bioavailability). They explore how overcoming these crucial producing desired effects ways which systems facilitate process. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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mRNA Technology in Modern Medicine: Review and Future Prospects

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 1 - 1

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Messenger RNA (mRNA) technology has revolutionized modern medicine, particularly in developing vaccines and gene therapies. While its prominence soared during the COVID-19 pandemic, foundation was built on decades of meticulous research. This review explores historical evolution mRNA technology, stabilization delivery breakthroughs, applications combating infectious diseases, cancer, genetic disorders. The study utilized a systematic search peer-reviewed articles from leading databases such as PubMed Scopus, focusing advancements clinical applications. Future potential treating chronic enhancing immunotherapy, addressing public health emergencies is also discussed, emphasizing need for sustained research innovation to harness transformative capabilities fully.

Language: Английский

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Lifting non-pharmaceutical interventions following the COVID-19 pandemic – the quiet before the storm?

Expert Review of Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(11), P. 1541 - 1553

Published: Aug. 30, 2022

In the first months of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic that begun in 2020, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been adopted worldwide. However, effects NPI implementation go beyond slowing spread COVID-19. Here, we review non-intended may arisen from prolonged application NPIs.NPIs also affected epidemiology other infectious diseases, with unprecedentedly low circulation several respiratory and gastrointestinal viruses being observed worldwide 2020. While this was a welcome effect for already strained health-care systems, exposure to pathogens result an increased pool individuals susceptible certain diseases. Out-of-season or unusually intense outbreaks non-vaccine preventable diseases documented as NPIs were gradually eased. context widespread important disruptions national vaccination programs during early phase pandemic, risk vaccine-preventable disease resurgence after are lifted cannot be excluded either.Awareness must raised resurgence, efforts need made mitigate risk, where possible, by increasing coverage. Research regulatory opportunities brought on COVID-19 should seized.In only methods available slow interventions, such lockdowns, mask wearing, social distancing, school closures, travel bans. Even vaccines against became available, combinations continued implemented most countries, various extents. Although these measures lowered number people who got sick before therapies they had consequences public health. The slowed even stopped diseases: since fewer cases flu, bronchiolitis, gastroenteritis, recorded compared pre-pandemic times. This relatively long 2-year period which people, especially children, exposed infections might mean their immune systems less prepared fight addition, than dropped meaning children adults not protected has potentially increased. Easing restrictions caused comeback some no vaccine is sometimes more years; there happen well. To prevent outbreaks, routine catch-up vaccinations besides encouraged promoted.

Language: Английский

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Death after the Administration of COVID-19 Vaccines Approved by EMA: Has a Causal Relationship Been Demonstrated?

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 308 - 308

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

More than eight billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered globally so far and 44.29% people are fully vaccinated. Pre-authorization clinical trials were carried out the safety is still continuously monitored through post-commercialization surveillance. However, some afraid vaccine side effects, claiming they could lead to death, hesitate get Herein, a literature review COVID-19-vaccine-related deaths has according PRISMA standards understand if there causal relationship between vaccination death highlight real extent such events. There 55 cases after reported excluded in 17 cases. In remaining cases, link was not specified (8) or considered possible (15), probable (1), very probable/demonstrated (14). The causes among these were: vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) (32), myocarditis (3), ADEM myocardial infarction rhabdomyolysis (1). demonstration obvious, more studies, especially with post-mortem investigations, needed deepen understanding pathophysiological mechanisms fatal effects. any event, given scarcity benefits outweigh risks scientific community needs be cohesive asserting that fundamental containing spread SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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An overview of current drugs and prophylactic vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: May 13, 2022

Designing and producing an effective vaccine is the best possible way to reduce burden spread of a disease. During coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many large pharmaceutical biotechnology companies invested great deal time money in trying control combat In this regard, due urgent need, vaccines are now available earlier than scheduled. Based on their manufacturing technology, for COVID-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SAR-CoV2)) infection can be classified into four platforms: RNA vaccines, adenovirus vector subunit (protein-based) inactivated virus vaccines. Moreover, various drugs have been deemed negatively affect progression via actions. However, adaptive variants SARS-CoV-2 genome alter pathogenic potential increase difficulty both drug development. review, along with used treatment, currently authorized as well described evaluated, considering all platforms.

Language: Английский

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