The role of the microbiome for human health: from basic science to clinical applications

European Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 57(S1), P. 1 - 14

Published: May 1, 2018

The 2017 annual symposium organized by the University Medical Center Groningen in Netherlands focused on role of gut microbiome human health and disease. Experts from academia industry examined interactions prebiotics, probiotics, or vitamins with disease, development early-life gut-brain axis. microbiota changes dramatically during pregnancy intrinsic factors (such as stress), addition to extrinsic diet, drugs) influence composition activity throughout life. Microbial metabolites, e.g. short-chain fatty acids affect signaling immune response. has a regulatory anxiety, mood, cognition pain which is exerted via Ingestion prebiotics probiotics been used treat range conditions including constipation, allergic reactions infections infancy, IBS. Fecal transplantation (FMT) highly effective for treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infections. affects virtually all aspects health, but degree scientific evidence, models technologies understanding mechanisms action vary considerably one benefit area other. For clinical practice be broadly accepted, mode action, therapeutic window, potential side effects need thoroughly investigated. This calls further coordinated state-of-the art research better understand document microbiome's health.

Language: Английский

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Function of Akkermansia muciniphila in Obesity: Interactions With Lipid Metabolism, Immune Response and Gut Systems

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 21, 2020

Obesity and its metabolic syndrome, including liver disorders type 2 diabetes, are a worldwide epidemic intimately linked to diet. The gut microbiota interaction has been pointed out as hot topic research at treating obesity related diseases by influencing energy metabolism immune system. In terms of the novel identified beneficial microbes, Akkermansia muciniphila (A.muciniphila ) is colonized in mucosa layer modulates basal metabolism. A.muciniphila consistently correlated with obesity. causal impact on A.muciniphila-treated coming light, which proved variety animal models human studies. characterized player body create great expectation for treatments associated obesity, well considered new generation therapeutic agents. This paper aimed was investigate underlying basic mechanism A.muciniphila-related host interactions recent discoveries, facilitating establish relationship A.muciniphila-associated supplement.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Bacterial Metabolites on Gut Barrier Function and Host Immunity: A Focus on Bacterial Metabolism and Its Relevance for Intestinal Inflammation

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 26, 2021

The diverse and dynamic microbial community of the human gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in health, with gut microbiota supporting development function immune barrier. Crosstalk between microbiota-gut epithelium system determine individual health status, any crosstalk disturbance may lead to chronic intestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) celiac disease. Microbiota-derived metabolites are crucial mediators host-microbial interactions. Some beneficially affect host physiology short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) secondary bile acids. Also, tryptophan catabolites responses, through binding aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR is abundantly present at mucosal surfaces when activated enhances epithelial barrier well regulatory responses. Exogenous diet-derived indoles (tryptophan) major source endogenous ligand precursors together SCFAs regulate inflammation by lowering stress immunity, IBD, expression downregulated metabolites. Here, we an overview microbiota-epithelium- immunity review how microbial-derived contribute homeostasis. discuss therapeutic potential bacterial for IBD disease essential dietary components fibers systemic

Language: Английский

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Stress and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Visceral Pain: Relevance to Irritable Bowel Syndrome

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 102 - 117

Published: Dec. 10, 2015

Summary Visceral pain is a global term used to describe originating from the internal organs of body, which affects significant proportion population and common feature functional gastrointestinal disorders ( FGID s) such as irritable bowel syndrome IBS ). While multifactorial, with no single etiology completely explain disorder, many patients also experience comorbid behavioral disorders, anxiety or depression; thus, described disorder gut–brain axis. Stress implicated in development exacerbation visceral disorders. Chronic stress can modify central circuitry, well change motility permeability throughout GI ) tract. More recently, role gut microbiota bidirectional communication along axis, subsequent changes behavior, has emerged. Thus, interact through complementary opposing factors influence nociceptive behaviors. This review will highlight evidence by regulation nociception. We focus on mechanisms affect response outcomes an emphasis pain.

Language: Английский

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Aged Gut Microbiota Contributes to Systemical Inflammaging after Transfer to Germ-Free Mice

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Oct. 23, 2017

Advanced age is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which usually referred to as inflammaging. Elderly are also known have an altered gut microbiota composition. However, whether inflammaging a cause or consequence of composition not clear. In this study, from young old conventional mice was transferred germ-free (GF) mice. Four weeks after transfer immune cell populations in spleen, Peyer's patches, and mesenteric lymph nodes conventionalized GF were analyzed by flow cytometry. addition, whole-genome gene expression the ileum microarray. Gut donor recipient 16S rDNA sequencing. Here, we show transferring aged that certain bacterial species within promote This effect lower levels Akkermansia higher TM7 bacteria Proteobacteria transfer. The promoted inflammation small intestine enhanced leakage inflammatory components into circulation observed. Moreover, increased T activation systemic compartment. conclusion, these data indicate contributes

Language: Английский

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Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 11, 2019

Early life stressors display a high universal prevalence and constitute major public health problem. Prolonged psychoneurobiological alterations as sequelae of early stress (ELS) could represent developmental risk factor mediate for disease, leading to higher physical mental morbidity rates in later life. ELS exert programming effect on sensitive neuronal brain networks related the response during critical periods development thus lead enduring hyper- or hypo-activation system altered glucocorticoid signaling. In addition, emotional autonomic reactivity, circadian rhythm disruption, functional structural changes brain, well immune metabolic dysregulation have been lately identified important factors chronically impaired homeostatic balance after ELS. Furthermore, human genetic background epigenetic modifications through stress-related gene expression interact with these explain inter-individual variation vulnerability resilience stress. This narrative review presents relevant evidence from mainly research ten most acknowledged neurobiological allostatic pathways exerting adverse effects even decades (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, nervous system, inflammation, oxidative stress, cardiovascular gut microbiome, sleep genetics, epigenetics, structural, correlates). Although findings back causal relation between psychobiological maladjustment life, precise trajectories their temporal coincidence has not elucidated yet. Future studies should prospectively investigate putative mediators sequence, while considering potentially delayed time-frame phenotypical expression. Better screening strategies are needed better individual prevention treatment.

Language: Английский

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Rebuilding the Gut Microbiota Ecosystem

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 1679 - 1679

Published: Aug. 7, 2018

A microbial ecosystem in which bacteria no longer live a mutualistic association is called dysbiotic. Gut microbiota dysbiosis condition related with the pathogenesis of intestinal illnesses (irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and inflammatory disease) extra-intestinal (obesity, metabolic disorder, cardiovascular allergy, asthma). Dysbiosis status has been to various important pathologies, many therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring balance have implemented. These include administration probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics; phage therapy; fecal transplantation; bacterial consortium still poorly investigated approach based on predatory bacteria. This review discusses aspects these counteract dysbiosis.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer development and therapy

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 429 - 452

Published: May 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Human Microbiome: The Potential Future Role of Next-Generation Sequencing in Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 6, 2019

The interaction between the human microbiome and immune system has an effect on several metabolic functions impacts our well-being. Additionally, humans microbes can also play a key role in determining wellness or disease status of body. Dysbiosis is related to plethora diseases, including skin, inflammatory, metabolic, neurological disorders. A better understanding host-microbe essential for diagnosis appropriate treatment these ailments. significance host health led emergence new therapeutic approaches focused prescribed manipulation microbiome, either by removing harmful taxa reinstating missing beneficial functional roles they perform. Culturing large numbers microbial laboratory problematic at best, if not impossible. Consequently, this makes it very difficult comprehensively catalogue individual members comprising specific as well how communities function influence host-pathogen interactions. Recent advances sequencing technologies computational tools have allowed increasing number metagenomic studies be performed. These provided insights into other environments. In present review, agent its discussed. Advances high-throughput surveying interactions are correlation composition infectious diseases described previously reported covered well. Lastly, recent state-of-the-art bioinformatics software, workflows, applications analysing data summarized.

Language: Английский

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Disruption of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria abundance in tomato rhizosphere causes the incidence of bacterial wilt disease

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 330 - 347

Published: Oct. 7, 2020

Enrichment of protective microbiota in the rhizosphere facilitates disease suppression. However, how disruption rhizobacteria affects suppression is largely unknown. Here, we analyzed microbial community a healthy and diseased tomato plant grown <30-cm apart greenhouse at three different locations South Korea. The abundance Gram-positive Actinobacteria Firmicutes phyla was lower soil (DRS) than (HRS) without changes causative Ralstonia solanacearum population. Artificial bacteria HRS using 500-μg/mL vancomycin increased bacterial wilt occurrence tomato. To identify HRS-specific plant-protective species, Brevibacterium frigoritolerans HRS1, Bacillus niacini HRS2, Solibacillus silvestris HRS3, luciferensis HRS4 were selected from among 326 heat-stable culturable isolates. These four strains did not directly antagonize R. but activated immunity. A synthetic comprising these displayed greater immune activation against extended protection by 4 more days comparison with each individual strain. Overall, our results demonstrate for first time that dysbiosis DRS promotes incidence disease.

Language: Английский

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