Targeting the NF-κB pathway as a potential regulator of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(1)

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Abstract Advances in cancer immunotherapy over the last decade have led to development of several agents that affect immune checkpoints. Inhibitory receptors expressed on T cells negatively regulate response include cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), which been studied more than similar receptors. Inhibition these proteins other checkpoints can stimulate system attack cells, prevent tumor from escaping response. However, administration anti-PD1 anti-CTLA4 antibodies has associated with adverse inflammatory responses autoimmune diseases. The current review discussed role NF-κB pathway as a promoter, how it govern various More precise knowledge about communication between pathways could increase effectiveness reduce effects checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Plant-derived exosomes: a green approach for cancer drug delivery

Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 2236 - 2252

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Plant-derived exosomes (PDEs) show promising potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent against cancer, owing their multiple advantages such low toxicity, biocompatibility, availability, affordability, etc.

Language: Английский

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Regulatory T cells subgroups in the tumor microenvironment cannot be overlooked: Their involvement in prognosis and treatment strategy in melanoma

Environmental Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(10), P. 4512 - 4530

Published: March 26, 2024

Abstract Background Melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer, presents substantial challenges despite effective surgical interventions for in situ lesions. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) wield a pivotal immunomodulatory influence within tumor microenvironment, yet their impact on melanoma prognosis and direct molecular interactions with remain elusive. This investigation employs single‐cell analysis to unveil intricate nature Tregs human melanoma. Methods Single‐cell RNA bulk sequencing data, alongside clinical information, were obtained from public repositories. Initially, GO GSEA analyses employed delineate functional disparities among distinct cell subsets. Pseudotime cell–cell interconnection conducted, followed by an endeavor construct prognostic model grounded Treg‐associated risk scores. model's efficacy was demonstrated via PCA K‐M analyses, multivariate Cox regression affirming its independent value patients. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis, checkpoint gene expression scrutiny, drug sensitivity assessments performed ascertain relevance this model. Results Following batch effect correction, 80 025 partitioned into 31 clusters, encompassing B cells, plasma endothelial fibroblasts, monocytes, macrophages, T_NK cells. Within these, 4240 CD4+ subclassified seven types. Functional underscored function elucidating Treg subpopulations. Notably, ITGB2 signaling pathway emerged as plausible nexus linking Our signature exhibited robust predictive capacities potential implications evaluating immunotherapy response. Conclusion exert critical role suppression revealing molecular‐level association innovative Treg‐centered introduces promising marker melanoma, holding future assessments.

Language: Английский

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Cancer Nanovaccines: Nanomaterials and Clinical Perspectives

Small, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(35)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Cancer nanovaccines represent a promising frontier in cancer immunotherapy, utilizing nanotechnology to augment traditional vaccine efficacy. This review comprehensively examines the current state‐of‐the‐art nanovaccine development, elucidating innovative strategies and technologies employed their design. It explores both preclinical clinical advancements, emphasizing key studies demonstrating potential elicit robust anti‐tumor immune responses. The study encompasses various facets, including integrating biomaterial‐based nanocarriers for antigen delivery, adjuvant selection, impact of nanoscale properties on performance. Detailed insights into complex interplay between tumor microenvironment responses are provided, highlighting challenges opportunities optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, presents thorough analysis ongoing trials, presenting snapshot landscape. By curating latest scientific findings developments, this aims serve as comprehensive resource researchers clinicians engaged advancing immunotherapy. Integrating design holds immense promise revolutionizing treatment paradigms, provides timely update evolving landscape nanovaccines.

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive peripheral blood immunoprofiling reveals five immunotypes with immunotherapy response characteristics in patients with cancer

Cancer Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 42(5), P. 759 - 779.e12

Published: May 1, 2024

The lack of comprehensive diagnostics and consensus analytical models for evaluating the status a patient's immune system has hindered wider adoption immunoprofiling treatment monitoring response prediction in cancer patients. To address this unmet need, we developed an platform that uses multiparameter flow cytometry to characterize cell heterogeneity peripheral blood healthy donors patients with advanced cancers. Using unsupervised clustering, identified five immunotypes unique distributions different types gene expression profiles. An independent analysis 17,800 open-source transcriptomes same approach corroborated these findings. Continuous immunotype-based signature scores were correlate systemic immunity patient responses treatments, including immunotherapy, prognostically predictively. Our findings illustrate potential utility simple test as flexible tool stratifying into therapy groups based on immunoprofiling.

Language: Английский

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