Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: March 11, 2022
Taste
memory
involves
storing
information
through
plasticity
changes
in
the
neural
network
of
taste,
including
insular
cortex
(IC)
and
ventral
tegmental
area
(VTA),
a
critical
provider
dopamine.
Although
VTA-IC
dopaminergic
pathway
has
been
demonstrated,
its
role
to
consolidate
taste
recognition
remains
poorly
understood.
We
found
that
photostimulation
neurons
VTA
or
terminals
TH-Cre
mice
improves
salience
subthreshold
novel
stimulus
regardless
hedonic
value,
without
altering
their
palatability.
Importantly,
inhibition
D1-like
receptor
into
IC
impairs
facilitate
consolidation
an
aversive
memory.
Finally,
our
results
showed
conditioned
aversion
IC.
It
is
concluded
dopamine
activity
from
required
increase
enabling
Notably,
both
innate
learned
memories
but
not
appetitive
International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: Feb. 16, 2024
Abstract
While
the
discussion
on
generative
artificial
intelligence,
such
as
ChatGPT,
is
making
waves
in
academia
and
popular
press,
there
a
need
for
more
insight
into
use
of
ChatGPT
among
students
potential
harmful
or
beneficial
consequences
associated
with
its
usage.
Using
samples
from
two
studies,
current
research
examined
causes
usage
university
students.
Study
1
developed
validated
an
eight-item
scale
to
measure
by
conducting
survey
(N
=
165).
2
used
three-wave
time-lagged
design
collect
data
494)
further
validate
test
study’s
hypotheses.
also
effects
academic
workload,
time
pressure,
sensitivity
rewards,
quality
students’
levels
procrastination,
memory
loss,
performance.
provided
evidence
validity
reliability
scale.
Furthermore,
study
revealed
that
when
faced
higher
workload
they
were
likely
ChatGPT.
In
contrast,
who
sensitive
rewards
less
Not
surprisingly,
was
develop
tendencies
procrastination
loss
dampen
Finally,
had
indirect
outcomes
through
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
104(3), P. 1205 - 1263
Published: March 14, 2024
Stress
resilience
is
the
phenomenon
that
some
people
maintain
their
mental
health
despite
exposure
to
adversity
or
show
only
temporary
impairments
followed
by
quick
recovery.
Resilience
research
attempts
unravel
factors
and
mechanisms
make
possible
harness
its
insights
for
development
of
preventative
interventions
in
individuals
at
risk
acquiring
stress-related
dysfunctions.
Biological
has
been
lagging
behind
psychological
social
sciences
but
seen
a
massive
surge
recent
years.
At
same
time,
progress
this
field
hampered
methodological
challenges
related
finding
suitable
operationalizations
study
designs,
replicating
findings,
modeling
animals.
We
embed
review
behavioral,
neuroimaging,
neurobiological,
systems
biological
findings
adults
critical
methods
discussion.
find
preliminary
evidence
hippocampus-based
pattern
separation
prefrontal-based
cognitive
control
functions
protect
against
pathological
fears
aftermath
singular,
event-type
stressors
[as
found
fear-related
disorders,
including
simpler
forms
posttraumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD)]
facilitating
perception
safety.
Reward
system-based
pursuit
savoring
positive
reinforcers
appear
more
generalized
dysfunctions
anxious-depressive
spectrum
resulting
from
severe
longer-lasting
(as
depression,
comorbid
anxiety,
PTSD).
Links
between
preserved
functioning
these
neural
under
neuroplasticity,
immunoregulation,
gut
microbiome
composition,
integrity
barrier
blood-brain
are
beginning
emerge.
On
basis,
avenues
pointed
out.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
119(44)
Published: Oct. 24, 2022
How
do
we
build
up
our
knowledge
of
the
world
over
time?
Many
theories
memory
formation
and
consolidation
have
posited
that
hippocampus
stores
new
information,
then
“teaches”
this
information
to
neocortex
time,
especially
during
sleep.
But
it
is
unclear,
mechanistically,
how
actually
works—How
are
these
systems
able
interact
periods
with
virtually
no
environmental
input
accomplish
useful
learning
shifts
in
representation?
We
provide
a
framework
for
thinking
about
question,
neural
network
model
simulations
serving
as
demonstrations.
The
composed
neocortical
areas,
which
replay
memories
one
another
completely
autonomously
simulated
Oscillations
leveraged
support
error-driven
leads
changes
representation
behavior.
has
non–rapid
eye
movement
(NREM)
sleep
stage,
where
dynamics
between
tightly
coupled,
helping
reinstate
high-fidelity
versions
attractors,
REM
more
freely
explore
existing
attractors.
find
alternating
NREM
stages,
alternately
focuses
model’s
on
recent
remote
facilitates
graceful
continual
learning.
thus
an
account
can
without
any
external
drive
cortical
protect
old
integrated.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
119(44)
Published: Oct. 24, 2022
Research
suggests
that
sleep
benefits
memory.
Moreover,
it
is
often
claimed
selectively
memory
for
emotionally
salient
information
over
neutral
information.
However,
not
all
scientists
are
convinced
by
this
relationship
[e.g.,
J.
M.
Siegel.
Curr.
Sleep
Med.
Rep.
,
7,
15–18
(2021)].
One
criticism
of
the
overall
and
literature—like
other
literature—is
many
studies
underpowered
lacking
in
generalizability
[M.
Cordi,
B.
Rasch.
Opin.
Neurobiol.
67,
1–7
(2021)],
thus
leaving
evidence
mixed
confusing
to
interpret.
Because
large
replication
sorely
needed,
we
recruited
250
participants
spanning
various
age
ranges
backgrounds
an
effort
confirm
sleep’s
preferential
emotional
consolidation
benefit
using
a
well-established
task.
We
found
negative
objects
at
expense
their
paired
backgrounds,
confirming
our
prior
work
clearly
demonstrating
role
formation.
In
second
experiment
also
sample,
examined
whether
effect
generalized
positive
while
demonstrated
better
compared
did
modulate
effect.
This
research
provides
strong
support
sleep-specific
on
specifically
more
broadly
affirms
cognition.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
65(12), P. 1662 - 1677
Published: Aug. 16, 2024
Background
Childhood
maltreatment
contributes
to
a
large
mental
health
burden
worldwide.
Different
measures
of
childhood
are
not
equivalent
and
may
capture
meaningful
differences.
In
particular,
prospective
retrospective
identify
different
groups
individuals
differentially
associated
with
psychopathology.
However,
the
reasons
behind
these
discrepancies
have
yet
been
comprehensively
mapped.
Methods
this
review,
we
draw
on
multi‐disciplinary
research
present
an
integrated
framework
explain
measurement
disagreement.
Results
We
identified
three
interrelated
domains.
First,
methodological
issues
related
data
collection
methods.
Second,
role
memory
in
influencing
reports
maltreatment.
Finally,
motivations
disclose,
withhold,
or
fabricate
information
about
Conclusions
A
greater
understanding
disagreement
point
new
ways
conceptualise
assess
Furthermore,
it
help
uncover
mechanisms
underlying
maltreatment‐related
psychopathology
targets
for
novel
interventions.
