What enables and blocks synthetic chemistry methods in becoming industrially significant? DOI Creative Commons
Hans‐Jürgen Federsel

Cell Reports Physical Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(7), P. 101493 - 101493

Published: July 1, 2023

What factors will play a role in the decision process when looking at reasons for certain reactions being adopted large-scale industrial applications? An examination reveals that there are several parameters have power to be influential this regard, either on their own or combination, all dependent circumstances. Seen from pharmaceutical manufacturing point of view, only structural motifs interest in-depth investigations and, hence, demand synthetic methodologies allowing preparation quantities beyond what sensibly is achieved by ordinary laboratory procedures. This inevitably leads many and even reaction types fall wayside. A further criterion fulfill given synthesis must perform robust consistent manner, irrespective scale. Many methods used demanding but can handled controlled scientists well-versed art organic synthesis. On scale-up, such could behave capricious way, example under influence issues with heat transfer stirring efficiency, sensitivity trace amounts water, exposed non-inert atmosphere, which lead various levels problems complete failure. Another significant aspect key performance indicator medicinal chemistry capability make novel chemical compounds amenable patent protection. "race" into unknown discovery development unprecedented methodologies, eventually prove capabilities larger Finally, times where green sustainability top-rated criteria any process, bound major reluctance apply procedures cannot guarantee highest level environmental concern both ethical legal reasons.

Language: Английский

Application of Inorganic Carrier‐Loaded Chiral Catalysts in Asymmetric Catalysis DOI Open Access
Heng Zhang, Shucheng Liu,

Q.‐E. ZHANG

et al.

ChemistrySelect, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Chiral substances play a pivotal role in numerous contemporary fields, and their synthesis heavily relies on chiral catalysts. However, traditional homogeneous catalysts suffer from significant drawbacks, including difficulty separation products nonrecyclability. Immobilization of onto specific carrier offers an excellent solution to these challenges, significantly reducing the production cost. Consequently, this approach has emerged as inevitable trend development This review comprehensively summarizes representative examples asymmetric catalytic reactions using immobilized inorganic carriers over last decade, classifies them according type carrier, elucidates loading techniques recycling methods associated with carriers.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Energetical analysis of a method for the scale-up of a microwave flow P-esterification by recirculation DOI

József Schindler,

István Greiner, György Keglevich

et al.

Reaction Chemistry & Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

In a previous communication, we described flow chemical microwave implementation, where the reaction mixture is circulated.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Fixed Bed Continuous Hydrogenations in Trickle Flow Mode: A Pharmaceutical Industry Perspective DOI
Edward Masson, Erin M. Maciejewski, Katherine M. P. Wheelhouse

et al.

Organic Process Research & Development, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 2190 - 2223

Published: June 14, 2022

Since the 1930s, fixed bed reactors (FBR) have been operated for continuous hydrogenation reactions in petrochemical/fine chemical industries, with publications each year detailing engineering principles, scientific breakthroughs, equipment design and setup, from these industries. Only last two decades, FBR started to be utilized pharmaceutical industry as a result of sustainability commitment growing demand complex specialized drugs. Most knowledge is transferable across industries; however, there are differentiators inherent industry, having its own unique challenges. One main between industries reactor scale and, consequently, catalyst requirements. Petrochemicals or fine chemicals operate on large industrial scale, up 72 m high reactors, an internal diameter order 5 (China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation), require volumes catalysts because product thousands tonnes per year, while smaller required kilograms range. It size that defines specifications, such particle geometry. Many transformations emerged academic medicinal chemistry groups utilizing ThalesNano H-Cube; relatively few reported processes scaled within industry. This Perspective outlines review flow technologies; focusing trickle (TBR) respective process operation effect variables reaction rate requirements industry; it also reflects transformation examples using TBR

Language: Английский

Citations

28
What’s new in flow biocatalysis? A snapshot of 2020–2022 DOI Creative Commons
Michele Crotti, Marina Simona Robescu, Juan M. Bolívar

et al.

Frontiers in Catalysis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: April 21, 2023

Flow biocatalysis is a key enabling technology that increasingly being applied to wide array of reactions with the aim achieving process intensification, better control biotransformations, and minimization waste stream. In this mini-review, selected applications flow preparation food ingredients, APIs fat- oil-derived commodity chemicals, covering period 2020-2022, are described.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Intelligent Sniffer: A Chip-Based Portable E-nose for Accurate and Fast Essence Evaluation DOI
Yiwei Jiang, Ziyi Wang, Yan Hu

et al.

Sensors and Actuators B Chemical, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 136989 - 136989

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Continuous-Flow Hofmann Rearrangement Using Trichloroisocyanuric Acid for the Preparation of 2-Benzoxazolinone DOI Creative Commons
Guido Gambacorta, Ian R. Baxendale

Organic Process Research & Development, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 422 - 430

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

A continuous-flow preparation of 2-benzoxazolinone via the Hofmann rearrangement salicylamide has been implemented employing trichloroisocyanuric acid as stable and atom-economic chlorinating agent. The system was optimized to avoid solid accumulation allow hundreds grams pure desired material over a working day. Furthermore, (TCCA)-based chlorination 2-benzoxazolone corresponding 5-chloro derivative also carried out under batch conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Continuous-Flow Technology for Chemical Rearrangements: A Powerful Tool to Generate Pharmaceutically Relevant Compounds DOI Creative Commons
Antonella Ilenia Alfano, Sveva Pelliccia, Giacomo Rossino

et al.

ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 326 - 337

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

The efficacy, safety, and scale-up of several chemical rearrangements remain unsolved problems due to the associated handling hazardous, toxic, pollutant chemicals high-risk intermediates. For many years batch processes have been considered only possibility drive these reactions, but continuous-flow technology has emerged, for both academic laboratories pharmaceutical companies, as a powerful tool easy, controlled, safer chemistry protocols, helping minimize formation side products increase reaction yields. This Technology Note summarizes recently reported using approaches, with focus on Curtius, Hofmann, Schmidt reactions. Flow general advantages safety aspects, scope generation privileged scaffolds active ingredients will be showcased.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
2,4,6-Trichloro-cyclohexa-2,5-dienone DOI Creative Commons
Guido Gambacorta,

Qin Han Teo,

Ian R. Baxendale

et al.

Molbank, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1), P. M1969 - M1969

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

A continuous flow process was optimised for the perchlorination of p-cresol to corresponding 2,4,6-trichloro-cyclohexa-2,5-dienone derivative employing trichloroisocyanuric acid as a green and safer-to-handle chlorinating agent. The system could furnish 200 g pure material within 5 h operation (throughput = 40 h−1). compound easily isolated by filtration obtained in 95% purity determined GC analysis; it be further purified crystallisation from 20:1 Hexane/AcOEt mixture left at −20 °C overnight. resultant product characterised 1H & 13C NMR, MS, IR analyses, with melting point X-ray single-crystal data being obtained, confirming structure.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Zeolites catalyze the halogen exchange reaction of alkyl halides DOI Creative Commons

Paloma Mingueza‐Verdejo,

Juan Carlos Hernández‐Garrido, Alejandro Vidal‐Moya

et al.

Catalysis Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 2308 - 2316

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Simple zeolites (NaY, NaX,…) catalyze the halogen switch between two different alkyl halides under either batch or flow reaction conditions. Sodalite cages are proposed to trigger transformation.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Making 2‐D Materials Mechanochemically by Twin‐Screw Extrusion: Continuous Exfoliation of Graphite to Multi‐Layered Graphene DOI Creative Commons
Haili Chen, Qun Cao, Ziwei Ye

et al.

Advanced Materials Technologies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(14)

Published: May 16, 2024

Abstract Mechanochemistry has developed rapidly in recent years for efficient chemicals and materials synthesis. Twin screw extrusion (TSE) is a particularly promising technique this regard because of its continuous scalable nature. A key aspect TSE that it provides high shear mixing. Because the shear, potentially also offers way to delaminate 2‐D materials. Indeed, synthesis manor remains challenge their industrialization. Here, as proof‐of‐principle, automated, mechanochemical exfoliation graphite give multi‐layer graphene (MLG, ≈6 layers) by demonstrated. To achieve this, solid‐and‐liquid‐assisted (SLAE) process which organic additives such pyrene are rendered liquid due temperatures used, assist with exfoliation, simultaneously solid sodium chloride used grinding aid. This gave MLG yield (25 wt%) short residence time (8 min) notably negligible evidence structural deterioration (defects or oxidation).

Language: Английский

Citations

3