Multiple Sclerosis: Inflammatory and Neuroglial Aspects

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(2), P. 1443 - 1470

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) represents the most common acquired demyelinating disorder of central nervous system (CNS). Its pathogenesis, in parallel with well-established role mechanisms pertaining to autoimmunity, involves several key functions immune, glial and nerve cells. The disease’s natural history is complex, heterogeneous may evolve over a relapsing-remitting (RRMS) or progressive (PPMS/SPMS) course. Acute inflammation, driven by infiltration peripheral cells CNS, thought be relevant process during earliest phases RRMS, while disruption neural pathways energy metabolism, survival cascades, synaptic ionic homeostasis are mostly long-standing disease, such as forms. In this complex scenario, many originally distinctive neurodegenerative disorders being increasingly recognized crucial from beginning disease. present review aims at highlighting between MS, autoimmune diseases biology disorders. fact, there an unmet need explore new targets that might involved master regulators inflammation

Language: Английский

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Chronic Stress and Headaches: The Role of the HPA Axis and Autonomic Nervous System

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 463 - 463

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Chronic stress significantly influences the pathogenesis of headache disorders, affecting millions worldwide. This review explores intricate relationship between and headaches, focusing on dysregulation hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis autonomic nervous system (ANS). Persistent could lead to neuroinflammation, increased pain sensitivity, vascular changes that contribute development progression. The bidirectional nature this creates a vicious cycle, with recurrent headaches becoming source additional stress. Dysregulation HPA ANS imbalance amplify susceptibility intensifying their frequency severity. While pharmacological interventions remain common, non-pharmacological approaches targeting reduction, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, biofeedback, relaxation techniques, offer promising avenues for comprehensive management. By addressing underlying stress-related mechanisms, these provide sustainable strategy reduce improve patients' quality life.

Language: Английский

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Migraine Aura, Transient Ischemic Attacks, Stroke, and Dying of the Brain Share the Same Key Pathophysiological Process in Neurons Driven by Gibbs–Donnan Forces, Namely Spreading Depolarization

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

Neuronal cytotoxic edema is the morphological correlate of near-complete neuronal battery breakdown called spreading depolarization, or conversely, depolarization electrophysiological initial, still reversible phase edema. Cytotoxic and are thus different modalities same process, which represents a metastable universal reference state in gray matter brain close to Gibbs–Donnan equilibrium. Different but merging sections spreading-depolarization continuum from short duration waves intermediate terminal occur plethora clinical conditions, including migraine aura, ischemic stroke, traumatic injury, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, development death, dying process during cardio circulatory arrest. Thus, prime simultaneously most neglected pathophysiological acute neurology. Aristides Leão postulated as early 1940s that neurons underlying aura nature occurs response arrest, because he assumed both conditions. With this mind, it not surprising patients with have about twofold increased risk some depolarizations leading patient percept could be caused by ischemia. However, can etiologies all arise Spreading observed negative direct current (DC) shift associated changes activity alternating (AC) band electrocorticogram. These non-spreading depression epileptiform activity. The wave may adjacent regions. Here, we review basal mechanism changes. Using original recordings animals patients, illustrate no means trivial, pose unsolved mechanistic puzzles require proper scientific analysis.

Language: Английский

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Biomarkers of Migraine: An Integrated Evaluation of Preclinical and Clinical Findings

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 5334 - 5334

Published: March 10, 2023

In recent years, numerous efforts have been made to identify reliable biomarkers useful in migraine diagnosis and progression or associated with the response a specific treatment. The purpose of this review is summarize alleged diagnostic therapeutic found biofluids discuss their role pathogenesis disease. We included most informative data from clinical preclinical studies, particular emphasis on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), cytokines, endocannabinoids, other biomolecules, majority which are related inflammatory aspects mechanisms migraine, as well actors that play potential issues affecting biomarker analysis also discussed, such how deal bias confounding data. CGRP biological factors trigeminovascular system may offer intriguing novel precision medicine opportunities, although stability samples used, effects age, gender, diet, metabolic should be considered.

Language: Английский

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Navigating the Neurobiology of Migraine: From Pathways to Potential Therapies

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(13), P. 1098 - 1098

Published: June 25, 2024

Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by recurring episodes of throbbing headaches that are frequently accompanied sensory disturbances, nausea, and sensitivity to light sound [...]

Language: Английский

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A study of differential microRNA expression profile in migraine: the microMIG exploratory study

The Journal of Headache and Pain, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Several studies have described potential microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers associated with migraine, but are scarcely reproducible primarily due to the heterogeneous variability of participants. Increasing evidence shows that disease-related intrinsic factors together lifestyle (environmental factors), influence epigenetic mechanisms and in turn, diseases. Hence, main objective this exploratory study was find differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNA) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) patients migraine compared healthy controls a well-controlled homogeneous cohort non-menopausal women.Patients diagnosed according International Classification Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) without familial history headache disorders were recruited. All participants completed very thorough questionnaire structured-interview order control for environmental factors. RNA extracted from PBMC microarray system (GeneChip miRNA 4.1 Array chip, Affymetrix) used determine profiles between groups. Principal components analysis hierarchical clustering performed samples distribution random forest (RF) algorithms computed classification task. To evaluate stability results prediction error rate, bootstrap (.632 + rule) run through all procedure. Finally, functional enrichment selected targets protein-protein interaction networks.After RF classification, three DE distinguished groups female cohort, controlled by such as demographics (age BMI), life-habits (physical activity, caffeine alcohol consumptions), comorbidities clinical features disease: miR-342-3p, miR-532-3p miR-758-5p. Sixty-eight target genes predicted which linked mainly enriched ion channels signaling pathways, neurotransmitter hormone homeostasis, infectious diseases circadian entrainment.A 3-miRNA (miR-342-3p, miR-758-5p) novel signature has been found migraine. Enrichment showed these pathways closely known pathophysiology, could lead first reliable biomarker set. Further should be validate findings larger more sample.

Language: Английский

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Hyperhomocysteinemia Increases Cortical Excitability and Aggravates Mechanical Hyperalgesia and Anxiety in a Nitroglycerine-Induced Migraine Model in Rats

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 735 - 735

Published: May 23, 2022

Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing endogenous amino acid leading to neurotoxic effects at high concentrations. Population studies suggest an association between plasma homocysteine levels and the risk of migraine headaches. The aim this study was analyze sensitivity rats with prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (hHCY) in respect development behavioral correlates headache spreading cortical depolarization (CSD) model induced by administration nitric oxide (NO) donor nitroglycerin. Animals hHCY were characterized migraine-related symptoms such as mechanical hyperalgesia, high-level anxiety, photophobia, well enhanced level neuronal activity somatosensory cortex along lower threshold CSD generation. Likewise, acute or chronic intermittent nitroglycerin also allodynia, photophobia anxiety control groups. However, these more pronounced hHCY. Unlike hHCY, did not affect generation, but like increased background layers 2/3 4 cerebral cortex. latter animals Thus, profile associated can be further exaggerated conditions triggering gaseous transmitter NO. Our data are consistent view that act factor for migraine.

Language: Английский

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Linking Migraine to Gut Dysbiosis and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(20), P. 4327 - 4327

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

In the world, migraine is one of most common causes disability in adults. To date, there no a single cause for this disorder, but rather set physio-pathogenic triggers combination with genetic predisposition. Among factors related to onset, crucial role seems be played by gut dysbiosis. fact, it has been demonstrated how intestine able modulate central nervous system activities, through gut–brain axis, and dysbiosis can influence neurological pathologies, including attacks. context, addition conventional pharmacological treatments migraine, attention paid an adjuvant therapeutic strategy based on different nutritional approaches lifestyle changes positively microbiota composition. restoration balance between bacterial species, reconstruction barrier integrity, control release gut-derived inflammatory neuropeptides, obtained specific patterns changes, represent possible beneficial additive therapy many subtypes. Herein, review explores bi-directional correlation main chronic non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, obesity, cancer, kidney whose link represented

Language: Английский

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Headache characteristics in acromegaly: Only a secondary disorder?

Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 13, 2025

Abstract Objective To investigate the characteristics and nature of headache in a population patients with acromegaly. Background Headache is frequently described by pituitary adenomas. Although it mainly considered secondary disorder, can persist despite effective therapy for disease. A proper description according to subtype adenoma not available literature. In this light, we aimed analyze Methods registry‐based retrospective cohort study, features were collected through structured telephone interview. The clinical picture each patient was classified third edition International Classification Disorders criteria. We carefully investigated time course relationship Results Out 39 enrolled patients, 27 (69%) reported headache. Six (15%) fulfilled criteria, complete resolution after acromegaly treatment. all, 21 (54%) met criteria primary headache: fourteen had episodic migraine, four chronic three tension‐type No trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias observed. presence significantly reduced diagnosis (mean [standard deviation] 2.1 [2.5] vs. 4.3 [3.5] years, p = 0.007). occurrence similar macroadenoma compared microadenoma (14 [67%] 7 [33%], χ 2 0.591, 0.400), while its influenced either treatment ( 0.670) or achievement biochemical control 0.490). Conclusion Secondary found only small percentage our patients. Most them high prevalence suggesting that might act as trigger disorder. Considering potentially disabling nature, headaches require careful evaluation personalized management.

Language: Английский

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Plasma SuPAR and therapeutic response to erenumab in migraine: a REFORM study

The Journal of Headache and Pain, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: April 24, 2025

Language: Английский

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