Relationships Between Vitamin D, Gut Microbiome, and Systemic Autoimmunity

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 21, 2020

There is increasing recognition of the role microbiome plays in states health and disease. Microbiome studies systemic autoimmune diseases demonstrate unique microbial patterns Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus to a lesser extent, whereas there no single bug or pattern that characterizes Multiple Sclerosis. Autoimmune tend share predisposition for vitamin D deficiency, which alters integrity gut epithelial barrier. In this review, we summarize influence intestinal bacteria on immune system, explore have emerged from diseases, discuss how deficiency may contribute autoimmunity via its effects barrier function, composition, and/or direct responses.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal Absorption of Bile Acids in Health and Disease

Comprehensive physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 21 - 56

Published: Dec. 18, 2019

The intestinal reclamation of bile acids is crucial for the maintenance their enterohepatic circulation. majority are actively absorbed via specific transport proteins that highly expressed in distal ileum. uptake by epithelial cells modulates activation cytosolic and membrane receptors such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) G protein-coupled acid 1 (GPBAR1), which has a profound effect on hepatic synthesis well glucose lipid metabolism. Extensive research focused delineating processes absorption determining contribution dysregulated ileal signaling development disorders. For example, decrease levels acid-induced hormone FGF15/19 implicated diarrhea (BAD). Conversely, increase with subsequent overload could be involved pathophysiology liver metabolic disorders fatty diseases type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review article will attempt to provide comprehensive overview mechanisms handling acids, pathological implications disrupted homeostasis, potential therapeutic targets treatment acid-related Published 2020. Compr Physiol 10:21-56,

Language: Английский

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Leaky Gut: Effect of Dietary Fiber and Fats on Microbiome and Intestinal Barrier

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(14), P. 7613 - 7613

Published: July 16, 2021

Intestinal tract is the boundary that prevents harmful molecules from invading into mucosal tissue, followed by systemic circulation. permeability an index for intestinal barrier integrity. has been shown to increase in various diseases—not only inflammatory diseases, but also including diabetes, chronic kidney dysfunction, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic of termed ‘leaky gut’ which observed patients animal models these This state often correlates with disease state. In addition, recent studies have revealed gut microbiota affects heath conditions via their metabolite, especially short-chain fatty acids lipopolysaccharides, can trigger leaky gut. The etiology still unknown; however, uncovered exogenous factors modulate permeability. Nutrients are closely related health actively investigated as a hot topic scientific research. Here, we will review effect nutrients on microbiome better understanding possible mechanism

Language: Английский

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Bile acids and their receptors in metabolic disorders

Progress in Lipid Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 82, P. 101094 - 101094

Published: Feb. 23, 2021

Language: Английский

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Bile Acid Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 66(3), P. 674 - 693

Published: Dec. 8, 2020

Bile acids are a group of chemically different steroids generated at the host/microbial interface. Indeed, while primary bile end-product cholesterol breakdown in host liver, secondary products microbial metabolism. Primary and along with their oxo derivatives have been identified as signaling molecules acting on family cell membrane nuclear receptors collectively known "bile acid-activated receptors." Members this highly expressed throughout gastrointestinal tract mediate bilateral communications intestinal microbiota immune system. The expression function FXR, GPBAR1, PXR, VDR, RORγt dependent structure negatively regulated by inflammation. Studies from gene ablated mice demonstrated that FXR GPBAR1 essential to maintain tolerogenic phenotype intestine, ablation promotes polarization T cells macrophages toward pro-inflammatory phenotype. inhibition oxo-bile is constrain Th17 lymphocytes. Gene-wide association studies functional characterizations suggest potential role for impaired acid development inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In review, we will focus how system, describing dynamic changes metabolism IBD therapeutic application targeting these disorders.

Language: Английский

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Bile acids as modulators of gut microbiota composition and function

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 5, 2023

Changes in the composition of gut-associated microbial communities are associated with many human illnesses, but factors driving dysbiosis remain incompletely understood. One factor governing microbiota gut is bile. Bile acids shape through their antimicrobial activity and by activating host signaling pathways that maintain homeostasis. Although bile host-derived, functions integrally linked to bacterial metabolism, which shapes intestinal acid pool. Conditions change size or pool can trigger alterations exacerbate inflammation favor infection opportunistic pathogens. Therefore, manipulating might be a promising strategy remediate dysbiosis.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal Barrier and Permeability in Health, Obesity and NAFLD

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 83 - 83

Published: Dec. 31, 2021

The largest surface of the human body exposed to external environment is gut. At this level, intestinal barrier includes luminal microbes, mucin layer, gastrointestinal motility and secretion, enterocytes, immune cells, gut vascular barrier, liver barrier. A healthy characterized by selective permeability nutrients, metabolites, water, bacterial products, processes are governed cellular, neural, immune, hormonal factors. Disrupted (leaky syndrome) can represent a predisposing or aggravating condition in obesity metabolically associated steatosis (nonalcoholic fatty disease, NAFLD). In what follows, we describe morphological-functional features role major modifiers discuss recent evidence pointing key obesity/NAFLD.

Language: Английский

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Roles of Macrophages in the Development and Treatment of Gut Inflammation

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: March 2, 2021

Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according their microenvironment. The large number of macrophages in intestinal tract, play a significant role maintaining homeostasis microorganisms on surface mucosa continuous renewal epithelial cells. They not only responsible for innate immunity, but also participate development inflammation. A clear understanding function macrophages, as well pathogens inflammatory response, will delineate next steps treatment diseases. In this review, we discuss origin response infection. addition, effects occurrence bowel disease (IBD), inducing fibrosis, activating T reducing colitis, treating inflammation were reviewed paper.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota-mediated secondary bile acids regulate dendritic cells to attenuate autoimmune uveitis through TGR5 signaling

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(12), P. 109726 - 109726

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

Gut microbiota-mediated secondary bile acids (BAs) play an important role in energy balance and host metabolism via G protein-coupled receptors and/or nuclear receptors. Emerging evidence suggests that BAs are for maintaining innate immune responses these However, the effect of on autoimmune uveitis is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate decreased microbiota-related BA concentration feces serum animals with experimental (EAU). Restoration gut pool attenuates severity EAU association inhibition factor κB (NF-κB)-related pro-inflammatory cytokines dendritic cells (DCs). TGR5 deficiency partially reverses inhibitory deoxycholic acid (DCA) DCs. signaling also inhibits NF-κB activation cyclic AMP (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway Additionally, both DCA agonists inhibit human monocyte-derived DC activation. Taken together, our results suggest plays adaptive might be a therapeutic target uveitis.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota-derived ursodeoxycholic acid from neonatal dairy calves improves intestinal homeostasis and colitis to attenuate extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infection

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: May 28, 2022

Abstract Background Antimicrobials are often used to prevent and treat diarrhea induced by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) in young ruminants. However, drug overuse or misuse accelerates the spread of multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. . Thus, supplementary foods as alternatives antibiotics needed colibacillus neonatal dairy calves. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a therapeutic bile acid, helps alleviate colitis. how UDCA ESBL-EAEC-induced clinical symptoms colitis remains unclear. Results We investigated microbial profiles metabolites healthy diarrheic calves determine metabolite biomarkers early-life development. Both gut microbiota communities their associated differed between Commensal Butyricicoccus , Faecalibacterium Ruminococcus Collinsella Coriobacterium were key markers that distinguished microbiomes. Random forest machine-learning algorithm Spearman correlation results indicated enriched UDCA, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), other prebiotics strongly positively correlated with these five bacterial genera. explored effect ursodiol on growth, cell adherence, lipopolysaccharide-treated Caco-2 cells. Adding direct antibacterial effects, suppressed proinflammatory reduced integrity damage. Oral delivery mice exhibited significant effects helped maintain colonic barrier mouse models peritonitis sepsis oral infection. supplementation attenuated recovered SCFA production. To validate this, we performed fecal transplantations inoculate ESBL-EAEC-infected mice. Microbiotas from UDCA-treated ameliorated hindgut commensal damage compared microbiotas control placebo mice, evidenced colonization abundant bacteria, including Oscillospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Clostridia_UCG-014 upregulated Conclusions This study provided first evidence could confer resistance newborn blocked growth invasion both vitro vivo, alleviated dysbiosis during ESBL-EAEC infection via TGR5-NF-κB axis, production digesta. Our findings provide insight into UDCA-mediated remission infections potential role an antibiotic alternative.

Language: Английский

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