Pathophysiology of obesity and its associated diseases

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 2403 - 2424

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

The occurrence of obesity has increased across the whole world. Many epidemiological studies have indicated that strongly contributes to development cancer, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, liver diseases and other disorders, accounting for a heavy burden on public health-care systems every year. Excess energy uptake induces adipocyte hypertrophy, hyperplasia formation visceral fat in non-adipose tissues evoke disease, diseases. Adipose tissue can also secrete adipokines inflammatory cytokines affect local microenvironment, induce insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, activate associated signaling pathways. This further exacerbates progression obesity-associated Although some progress treatment been achieved preclinical clinical studies, pathogenesis obesity-induced are complex unclear. We still need understand their links better guide In this review, we review between with view improve future management its co-morbidities.

Language: Английский

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TyG index is positively associated with risk of CHD and coronary atherosclerosis severity among NAFLD patients

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: July 1, 2022

Insulin resistance (IR), endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, thrombosis are believed involved in coronary heart disease (CHD) non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a new IR indicator, is correlated with NAFLD occurrence severity, but its relationship CHD risk remains unclear. This study investigated the correlation between TyG index among patients.This cross-sectional included 424 patients chest pain Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital Shanxi Medical University, from January 2021 to December 2021. was calculated angiography performed. All individuals were divided into + groups then by level. t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, or one-way analysis variance compared differences continuous variables, while chi-square test Fisher's exact categorical variables. Logistic regression determined independent protective hazardous factors CHD. receiver operating characteristic curve evaluated ability different rule-in thresholds predict Gensini score using linear multiple regression.CHD detected 255 patients. Compared group, multivariate logistic showed that factor for after adjustment age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus highest odds ratio (OR, 2.519; 95% CI, 1.559-4.069; P < 0.001). TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FBG TYG-body mass also High-density cholesterol level events NAFLD. In an in-depth analysis, each 1-unit increase associated 2.06-fold increased 2.06; 1.16-3.65; = 0.013). multifactor 0.1-unit NAFLD-CHD group 2.44 (β 2.44; 0.97-3.91; 0.002).The positively reflected atherosclerosis severity.

Language: Английский

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Risk of metabolic abnormalities in osteoarthritis: a new perspective to understand its pathological mechanisms

Bone Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Dec. 6, 2023

Abstract Although aging has traditionally been viewed as the most important risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA), an increasing amount of epidemiological evidence highlighted association between metabolic abnormalities and OA, particularly in younger individuals. Metabolic abnormalities, such obesity type II diabetes, are strongly linked to they affect both weight-bearing non-weight-bearing joints, thus suggesting that pathogenesis OA is more complicated than mechanical stress induced by overweight. This review aims explore recent advances research on relationship risk, including impact abnormal glucose lipid metabolism, potential targeted therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Interplay of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: sarcopenic obesity

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 144, P. 155577 - 155577

Published: April 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) Predicts Cardiovascular Disease and Its Subtypes in Patients with Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Clinical Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 15, P. 177 - 189

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

We aimed to evaluate the METS-IR (metabolic score for insulin resistance) index prediction of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its subtypes (coronary artery stroke) in patients with hypertension obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).A retrospective cohort study was conducted 2031 adults OSA, participants from Urumqi Research on Sleep Apnea Hypertension (UROSAH). The hazard ratios 95% CIs (credibility interval) CVD were estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models.After a median follow-up 6.80 years (interquartile range: 5.90-8.00 years), total 317 (15.61%) developed new-onset CVD, including 198 (9.75%) coronary heart (CHD) 119 (5.86%) stroke. After adjusting as many relevant confounding factors possible, each SD increase associated 30% increased risk new onset overall events, 32% CHD, 27% When assessed tertiles, after adjustment fully factors, highest tertiles versus lowest greater (HR 2.05; CI 1.52,-2.77), CHD 1.96; 1.35-2.84), stroke 2.24; 1.35-3.72). results various subgroups sensitivity analyses similar. added, predictions reclassified identified more accurately than baseline models C-index, continuous net reclassification improvement, integrated discrimination index. showed similar results.METS-IR is powerful predictor which can facilitate identification high-risk individuals provide individualized prevention.

Language: Английский

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Insulin Resistance: The Increased Risk of Cancers

Current Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(2), P. 998 - 1027

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Insulin resistance, also known as impaired insulin sensitivity, is the result of a decreased reaction signaling to blood glucose levels. This state observed when muscle cells, adipose tissue, and liver improperly respond particular concentration insulin. resistance related increased plasma levels (hyperinsulinemia) may cause metabolic impairments, which are pathological states in obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus. Observations cancer patients confirm that hyperinsulinemia major factor influencing obesity, diabetes, cancer. Obesity have been reported risks initiation, progression, metastasis several cancers. However, both aforementioned pathologies independently additionally increase risk. The disorders associated with poor outcomes treatment. For example, suffering from higher recurrence rates their overall survival reduced. In these associations between risk, an overview various pathogenic mechanisms play role development discussed.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic memory: mechanisms and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Metabolic diseases and their complications impose health economic burdens worldwide. Evidence from past experimental studies clinical trials suggests our body may have the ability to remember metabolic environment, such as hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia, thus leading chronic inflammatory disorders other even after elimination of these environments. The long-term effects that aberrant metabolism on been summarized memory are found assume a crucial role in states disease. Multiple molecular mechanisms collectively participate management, resulting different cellular alterations well tissue organ dysfunctions, culminating disease progression affecting offspring. elucidation expansion concept provides more comprehensive insight into pathogenic underlying promises be new target detection management. Here, we retrace history relevant research summarize its salient characteristics. We provide detailed discussion by which involved development at molecular, cellular, levels, with emphasis impact epigenetic modulations. Finally, present some pivotal findings arguing favor targeting develop therapeutic strategies for latest reflections consequences implications human diseases.

Language: Английский

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Associations Between Diabetes Mellitus and Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 542 - 542

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and neurodegenerative diseases/disturbances are worldwide health problems. The most common chronic conditions diagnosed in persons 60 years older type 2 diabetes (T2DM) cognitive impairment. It was found that is a major risk for decline, dementia, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's (AD), Huntington's (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) other disorders. Different mechanisms of associations between these diseases have been suggested. For example, it postulated an impaired intracellular insulin signaling pathway, together with hyperglycemia hyperinsulinemia, may cause pathological changes, such as dysfunction the mitochondria, oxidative stress inflammatory responses, etc. association diseases, well associations, needs further investigation. aim this review to describe mellitus, especially 1 (T1DM) selected i.e., disease, sclerosis. Suggested also described.

Language: Английский

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Natural compounds in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review of hormonal regulation and therapeutic potential

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrine disorder characterized by irregularities in gonadotropin secretion, hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology. In addition, it often associated with metabolic dysfunctions, most notably insulin resistance (IR). This affects approximately 6–20% of individuals, primarily emerging during early adolescence, considerably increases the risk conditions such as impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, endometrial cancer, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, postpartum complications. To date, there no standardized protocol for treating PCOS. Existing therapies rely on personalized pharmacotherapy lifestyle modifications. However, these treatments may lead to adverse effects, medications prescribed PCOS are used off-label have not secured approval from U.S. Food Drug Administration specifically this condition. Recently, natural compounds garnered considerable attention due their efficacy hormone modulation minimal toxicity. Substances myo-inositol, resveratrol, berberine, quercetin shown promise mitigating symptoms. Their multi-target properties offer potential achieve outcomes unattainable single-target pharmaceuticals, particularly managing heterogeneous conditions. review aims comprehensively analyze vivo vitro research alongside clinical interventions evaluate influence prevalence therapeutic potential. These investigations lay groundwork developing innovative strategies

Language: Английский

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Association between METS-IR index and obstructive sleep apnea: evidence from NHANES

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Insulin resistance (IR) is strongly associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Whereas, few studies have focused on the potential association between Metabolic Score for Resistance (METS-IR), a novel non-insulin-dependent IR index, and OSA. Subjects from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005-2008 2015-2018 were recruited. The relationship METS-IR other indices OSA was explored through three logistic regression analysis models restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves used to assess diagnostic value of these indicators On basis age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), subgroup analyses conducted test robustness relationship. A total 8,306 participants enrolled, an prevalence 30.69%. After adjusting confounders, METS-IR, triglyceride high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, glucose Index (TyG), homeostatic model assessment insulin (HOMA-IR) showed positive associations prevalence. In highest tertile TG/HDL-C, TyG HOMA-IR, 2.96-fold, 1.42-fold, 1.29-fold, 1.41-fold higher, respectively, compared lowest (METS-IR: OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 2.50, 3.52, P < 0.0001; TG/HDL-C: 1.42, 1.17, 1.73, 0.001; index: 1.29, 1.07, 1.55, 0.008; HOMA-IR: 1.41, 1.18, 1.69, 0.001). ROC revealed that had accuracy (AUC 0.652). four remain stable across most cases (P interaction > 0.05); however, all them show significant interactions diabetes 0.05). positively shows superior index.

Language: Английский

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