Risk factors and disease profile of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK users of the COVID Symptom Study app: a prospective, community-based, nested, case-control study

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 43 - 55

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

COVID-19 vaccines show excellent efficacy in clinical trials and effectiveness real-world data, but some people still become infected with SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination. This study aimed to identify risk factors for post-vaccination infection describe the characteristics of illness.

Language: Английский

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Role of Metabolic Endotoxemia in Systemic Inflammation and Potential Interventions

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 11, 2021

Diet-induced metabolic endotoxemia is an important factor in the development of many chronic diseases animals and man. The gut epithelium efficient barrier that prevents absorption liposaccharide (LPS). Structural changes to intestinal response dietary alterations allow LPS enter bloodstream, resulting increase plasma levels (termed endotoxemia). activates Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) leading production numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines and, hence, low-grade systemic inflammation. Thus, can lead several inflammatory conditions. Obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) also cause permeability potential pharmacological interventions could be used reduce inflammation associated with endotoxemia.

Language: Английский

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The Interplay between the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System in the Context of Infectious Diseases throughout Life and the Role of Nutrition in Optimizing Treatment Strategies

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 886 - 886

Published: March 9, 2021

Infectious diseases and infections remain a leading cause of death in low-income countries major risk to vulnerable groups, such as infants the elderly. The immune system plays crucial role susceptibility, persistence, clearance these infections. With 70–80% cells being present gut, there is an intricate interplay between intestinal microbiota, epithelial layer, local mucosal system. In addition responses it increasingly recognized that gut microbiome also affects systemic immunity. Clinicians are more using increased knowledge about complex interactions system, microbiome, human pathogens. now well-recognized impact nutrition on composition microbiota elucidates can play improving health. This review describes mechanisms involved maintaining balance health, response, immunity, linking this infectious throughout life, highlights disease prevention treatment.

Language: Английский

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Immunogenicity and toxicity of AAV gene therapy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Aug. 12, 2022

Gene transfer using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors has made tremendous progress in the last decade and achieved cures of debilitating diseases such as hemophilia A B. Nevertheless, is still being hampered by immune responses against AAV capsid antigens or transgene products. Immunosuppression designed to blunt T cell shown success some patients but failed others especially if they received very high doses. Although it was initially thought that induce only marginal innate below threshold systemic symptoms recent trials have complement activation can results serious adverse events. Dorsal root ganglia toxicity also been identified a complication vector doses severe hepatotoxicity. Most critical complications occur who are treated with indicating use more efficient allow for dose sparing giving smaller repeatedly, latter conjunction antibody B depleting measures, should be explored.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Pre-existing Comorbidities and Therapeutic Interventions on COVID-19

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Aug. 11, 2020

Evidence from the global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has clearly demonstrated that individuals with pre-existing comorbidities are at a much greater risk dying COVID-19. This is great concern for living these conditions, and major challenge healthcare systems biomedical research. Not all confer same risk, however, many affect function immune system, which in turn directly impacts response to Furthermore, myriad drugs prescribed can also influence progression COVID-19 limit additional treatment options available Here, we review dysfunction infection impact on development We explore how underlying disease etiologies common therapies used treat conditions exacerbate progression. Moreover, discuss long-term challenges associated use both novel repurposed patients comorbidities.

Language: Английский

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Inflamm-aging: Why older men are the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 complicated outcomes

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 53, P. 33 - 37

Published: May 4, 2020

Language: Английский

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Human immunology and immunotherapy: main achievements and challenges

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 805 - 828

Published: Sept. 2, 2020

Language: Английский

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Paraprobiotics: A New Perspective for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 1225 - 1225

Published: April 8, 2021

Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host. However, in recent years, several concerns their use have been raised. In particular, industrial processing and storage of probiotic products still technological challenges as these could severely impair cell viability. On other hand, safety should be taken into account, especially when administered to vulnerable people, such elderly immunodeficient individuals. These drawbacks enhanced interest toward new based non-viable probiotics paraprobiotics postbiotics. paraprobiotics, defined “inactivated microbial cells (non-viable) a benefit consumer,” hold ability regulate adaptive innate immune systems, exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative antioxidant properties exert antagonistic effect against pathogens. Moreover, can safety, assure practical also used suitable for people with weak immunity elderly. features offer an important opportunity prompt market novel functional foods or nutraceuticals safer more stable. This review provides overview central issues highlights urgent need further studies aimed at assessing efficacy mechanisms action order support decisions regulatory authorities. Finally, definition is proposed unambiguously distinguishes from

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A genetic, epidemiological, and evolutionary perspective

Infection Genetics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 84, P. 104384 - 104384

Published: May 29, 2020

Language: Английский

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Hallmarks of aging and immunosenescence: Connecting the dots

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 59, P. 9 - 21

Published: Jan. 29, 2021

Aging is a natural physiological process that features various and variable challenges, associated with loss of homeostasis within the organism, often leading to negative consequences for health. Cellular senescence occurs when cells exhaust capacity renew themselves their tissue environment as cell cycle comes halt. This influenced by genetics, metabolism extrinsic factors. Immunosenescence, aging immune system, result process, but can also in turn act secondary inducer other tissues. review aims summarize current state knowledge regarding hallmarks relation immunosenescence, focus on aging-related imbalances medullary environment, well components innate adaptive responses. system alters its functionality, has person's ability fight infections, susceptibility chronic diseases such cancer cardiovascular disease. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype described, involvement this phenomenon paracrine induction otherwise healthy cells. Inflammaging discussed detail, along comorbidities process. A these processes required order consider possible targets application senotherapeutic agents - interventions potential modulate thus prolonging lifespan minimizing effects immunosenescence.

Language: Английский

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