Vitamin B12 Metabolism: A Network of Multi-Protein Mediated Processes DOI Open Access
Patryk Mucha, Filip Kuś, Dominik Cysewski

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 8021 - 8021

Published: July 23, 2024

The water-soluble vitamin, vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism, particularly DNA synthesis, methylation, and mitochondrial functionality. Its deficiency can lead to hematological neurological disorders; however, the manifestation of these clinical outcomes is relatively late. It leads difficulties early diagnosis B12 deficiency. A prolonged lack may have severe consequences including increased morbidity cardiovascular diseases. Beyond inadequate dietary intake, might be caused by insufficient bioavailability, blood transport disruptions, or impaired uptake metabolism. Despite nearly 70 years knowledge since isolation characterization this there are still gaps understanding its metabolic pathways. Thus, review aims compile current about proteins necessary efficiently accumulate process humans, presenting systems multi-protein network. epidemiological consequences, diagnosis, treatment highlighted. We discuss warnings based on ongoing test specific moonlighting engaged

Language: Английский

5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024 DOI Open Access
Nuha A. ElSayed, Grazia Aleppo, Raveendhara R. Bannuru

et al.

Diabetes Care, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(Supplement_1), P. S77 - S110

Published: Dec. 11, 2023

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) "Standards of Care in Diabetes" includes the ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide components diabetes care, general treatment goals guidelines, tools evaluate quality care. Members ADA Professional Practice Committee, an interprofessional expert committee, are responsible for updating Standards annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description standards, statements, reports, well evidence-grading system full list Committee members, please refer Introduction Methodology. Readers who wish comment on invited do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.

Language: Английский

Citations

150

Metformin: A Review of Potential Mechanism and Therapeutic Utility Beyond Diabetes DOI Creative Commons
Siddhartha Dutta, Rima Shah, Shubha Singhal

et al.

Drug Design Development and Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 17, P. 1907 - 1932

Published: June 1, 2023

Metformin has been designated as one of the most crucial first-line therapeutic agents in management type 2 diabetes mellitus. Primarily being an antihyperglycemic agent, metformin also a plethora pleiotropic effects on various systems and processes. It acts majorly by activating AMPK (Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase) cells reducing glucose output from liver. decreases advanced glycation end products reactive oxygen species production endothelium apart regulating lipid metabolism cardiomyocytes, hence minimizing cardiovascular risks. Its anticancer, antiproliferative apoptosis-inducing malignant might prove instrumental malignancy organs like breast, kidney, brain, ovary, lung, endometrium. Preclinical studies have shown some evidence metformin's neuroprotective role Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's multiple sclerosis Huntington's disease. exerts its through varied pathways intracellular signalling exact mechanism majority them remains yet to be clearly defined. This article extensively reviewed benefits details for molecule boon conditions diabetes, prediabetes, obesity, polycystic ovarian metabolic derangement HIV, cancers aging.

Language: Английский

Citations

76

Metformin: Therapeutic profile in the treatment of type 2 diabetes DOI
Clifford J. Bailey

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(S3), P. 3 - 19

Published: May 24, 2024

Metformin (dimethyl-biguanide) can claim its origins in the use of Galega officinalis as a plant treatment for symptoms ascribed to diabetes. Since first clinical metformin glucose-lowering agent 1957, this medicine has emerged first-line pharmacological option support lifestyle interventions management type 2 diabetes (T2D). It acts through multiple cellular pathways, principally gut, liver and muscle, counter insulin resistance lower blood glucose without weight gain or risk overt hypoglycaemia. Other effects include improvements lipid metabolism, decreased inflammation long-term cardiovascular risk. is conveniently combined with other medications, be prescribed prediabetes reduce progression T2D, used some regions assist glycaemic control pregnancy. Consistent diversity actions, established safety profile cost-effectiveness, being assessed further possible applications. The requires adequate renal function drug elimination, may cause initial gastrointestinal side effects, which moderated by taking meals using an extended-release formulation. Thus, serves valuable therapeutic resource throughout natural history T2D.

Language: Английский

Citations

22

Molecularly imprinted polymers-based electrochemical sensors for tracking vitamin B12 released from spray-dried microcapsules during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion DOI Creative Commons
Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi, Gauri Kishore Hasabnis,

Eda Akin

et al.

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100759 - 100759

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

3

Metformin Repurposing for Parkinson Disease Therapy: Opportunities and Challenges DOI Open Access
Francesco Agostini, Anna Masato, Luigi Bubacco

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 398 - 398

Published: Dec. 30, 2021

Parkinson disease (PD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that affects around 2% of the population over 65 years old. It characterized by progressive loss nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, resulting in motor disabilities patients. At present, only symptomatic cures are available, without suppressing progression. In this frame, anti-diabetic drug metformin has been investigated as potential modifier for PD, being low-cost and generally well-tolerated medication, which successfully used decades treatment type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite precise mechanisms action not fully elucidated, known to influence many cellular pathways associated with PD pathology. review, we present evidence literature supporting neuroprotective role metformin, i.e., autophagy upregulation, degradation pathological α-synuclein species, regulation mitochondrial functions. The epidemiological studies conducted diabetic patients under therapy aimed at evaluating correlation between long-term consumption risk developing also discussed. Finally, provide an interpretation controversial results obtained both experimental models clinical studies, thus providing possible rationale future investigations repositioning therapy.

Language: Английский

Citations

64

Metformin‐induced vitamin B12 deficiency can cause or worsen distal symmetrical, autonomic and cardiac neuropathy in the patient with diabetes DOI
David S.H. Bell

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 1423 - 1428

Published: May 2, 2022

Abstract Metformin blocks the absorption of vitamin B12 through a mechanism that has not been established but could be because interference with calcium‐dependent binding intrinsic factor complex to cubam receptor in terminal ileum. The subsequent deficiency may cause or accelerate distal symmetrical and autonomic neuropathy patient diabetes. Several observational studies meta‐analyses have reported significant association between metformin utilization deficiency. Prospective shown only do utilizers lower levels they also higher frequencies polyneuropathy (including cardiac denervation, which is associated increased incidences arrhythmias, events mortality). Therefore, periodic monitoring recommended all patients who utilize metformin, particularly if used for over 5 years at stage hepatic stores would probably depleted. Factors loss are proton pump inhibitors, bariatric surgery, being elderly having an turnover red blood cells. If serum borderline, measurement methylmalonic acid homocysteine can detect its earliest stage. Therapies include prophylactic calcium supplements, withdrawal, replenishing intramuscular oral therapy regular supplements continues utilized. With adequate replacement, while symptoms improve, objective findings stabilize improve.

Language: Английский

Citations

50

Association between metformin and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes DOI Open Access
Ehsan Sayedali, Ali Erdinç Yalın, Serap Yalın

et al.

World Journal of Diabetes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 585 - 593

Published: May 15, 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is still one of the most common diseases worldwide, and its prevalence increasing globally. According to American European recommendations, metformin considered a first-line oral hypo-glycemic drug for controlling type 2 DM (T2DM) patients. Metformin ninth often prescribed in world, at least 120 million diabetic people are estimated receive drug. In last 20 years, there has been evidence vitamin B12 deficiency among metformin-treated Many studies have reported that related ma-labsorption T2DM Vitamin may very bad complication patient. this review, we will focus on effect absorption proposed mechanisms hindering absorption. addition, review describe clinical outcomes T2DM.

Language: Английский

Citations

25

A Comprehensive Approach to Parkinson’s Disease: Addressing Its Molecular, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects DOI Open Access
Mauricio Muleiro Álvarez, Gabriela Cano-Herrera,

María Fernanda Osorio Martínez

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(13), P. 7183 - 7183

Published: June 29, 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a gradually worsening neurodegenerative disorder affecting the nervous system, marked by slow progression and varied symptoms. It second most common disease, over six million people in world. Its multifactorial etiology includes environmental, genomic, epigenetic factors. Clinical symptoms consist of non-motor motor symptoms, with being classic presentation. Therapeutic approaches encompass pharmacological, non-pharmacological, surgical interventions. Traditional pharmacological treatment consists administering drugs (MAOIs, DA, levodopa), while emerging evidence explores potential antidiabetic agents for neuroprotection gene therapy attenuating parkinsonian Non-pharmacological treatments, such as exercise, calcium-rich diet, adequate vitamin D supplementation, aim to prevent complications. For those patients who have medically induced side effects and/or refractory surgery therapeutic option. Deep brain stimulation primary option, associated symptom improvement. Levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel infusion through percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy portable pump succeeded reducing "off" time, where occur, increasing "on" time. This article aims address general aspects PD provide comparative comprehensive review conventional latest advancements treatments PD. Nevertheless, further studies are required optimize suitable alternatives.

Language: Английский

Citations

17

View on Metformin: Antidiabetic and Pleiotropic Effects, Pharmacokinetics, Side Effects, and Sex-Related Differences DOI Creative Commons
Guglielmina Froldi

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 478 - 478

Published: April 8, 2024

Metformin is a synthetic biguanide used as an antidiabetic drug in type 2 diabetes mellitus, achieved by studying the bioactive metabolites of Galega officinalis L. It also off-label for various other diseases, such subclinical diabetes, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, etc. In addition, metformin proposed add-on therapy several conditions, including autoimmune neurodegenerative and cancer. Although has been many decades, it still subject pharmacodynamic pharmacokinetic studies light its extensive use. acts at mitochondrial level inhibiting respiratory chain, thus increasing AMP/ATP ratio and, subsequently, activating AMP-activated protein kinase. However, mechanisms have proposed, binding to presenilin enhancer 2, GLP1 release, modification microRNA expression. Regarding pharmacokinetics, after oral administration, absorbed, distributed, eliminated, mainly through renal route, using transporters cationic solutes, since exists ionic molecule physiological pH. this review, particular consideration paid literature data from last 10 years, deepening study clinical trials inherent new uses metformin, differences effectiveness safety observed between sexes, unwanted side effects. For objective, was evaluated both VigiBase EudraVigilance, respectively, WHO European databases reported adverse reactions, assess extent effects real-life

Language: Английский

Citations

16

Metformin adverse event profile: a pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from 2004 to 2022 DOI
Yikuan Du,

Jinfeng Zhu,

Zhuoming Guo

et al.

Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 189 - 201

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Background Metformin has the potential for treating numerous diseases, but there are still many unrecognized and unreported adverse events (AEs).

Language: Английский

Citations

15