Physiologia,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(2), P. 149 - 181
Published: April 8, 2024
Prediabetes,
a
pivotal
phase
in
glucose
metabolism
between
normalcy
and
diabetes,
exerts
profound
influence
on
the
aging
process
risk
of
age-related
diseases.
This
comprehensive
review
delves
into
intricate
web
blood-based
biomarkers
that
collectively
expedite
senescence,
marking
transition
from
state
health
to
complications.
Key
findings
underscore
significance
diverse
biomarkers,
such
as
telomere
length,
p16INK4a,
senescence-associated
secretory
phenotype
(SASP)
factors,
DNA
methylation
clocks,
advanced
glycation
end
products
(AGEs),
inflammatory
oxidative
stress
markers,
circulating
hormones,
additional
factors
folate,
B12,
osteocalcin.
Not
only
do
these
serve
indicators
senescence
but
they
also
actively
fuel
chronic
inflammation,
stress,
metabolic
dysregulation,
all
which
contribute
accelerated
aging.
The
implications
this
understanding
are
profound,
prediabetes
emerges
critical
period
an
individual’s
life,
influencing
various
physiological
systems,
including
vascular
neural
functions,
hormonal
regulation,
bone
health.
Recognizing
provides
foundation
for
personalized
intervention
strategies
mitigate
complications
promote
healthy
Future
research
directions
call
more
array
in-depth
exploration
their
roles,
development
tailored
precision
medicine
ensure
holistic
effective
management
prediabetes-induced
its
knowledge
has
far-reaching
public
clinical
practice,
emphasizing
need
early
detection
prediabetic
individuals
enhance
quality
life
population
with
needs.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(3), P. 672 - 672
Published: March 17, 2024
(1)
Background:
Cognitive
decline
(CD),
considered
a
precursory
state
of
dementia,
is
frequently
encountered
in
patients
with
diabetes
mellitus
type
2
(DM-2)
and
might
even
have
higher
prevalence
those
associated
atrial
fibrillation
(AF).
In
this
study,
we
aimed
to
research
if
the
association
DM-2
AF
favors
precocious
onset
CD.
(2)
Methods:
This
study
was
conducted
on
160
patients,
featuring
50
DM-2,
54
AF,
56
subjects
without
all
evaluated
clinically
five
neuropsychiatric
scales.
(3)
Results:
The
Mini-Mental-State-Examination
(MMSE),
Montreal
Assessment
(MoCA),
Activities
Daily
Living
Score
(ADL),
Instrumental
(IADL),
Geriatric
Depression
Scale
(GDS-15)
were
significantly
altered
comparison
these
diseases.
logistic
regression
model
indicated
that,
an
increase
one
year
age
7.3%
augmentation
risk
CD
(MMSE
<
27).
(4)
Conclusions:
more
frequent
especially
when
versus
AF.
Our
findings
suggest
that
older
dyslipidemia
represent
factors
for
DM-2.
Open Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
20(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Diabetes-related
cognitive
impairment
is
increasingly
recognized
as
a
significant
complication,
profoundly
impacting
patients'
quality
of
life.
This
review
aims
to
examine
the
pathophysiological
mechanisms,
clinical
manifestations,
risk
factors,
assessment
and
diagnosis,
management
strategies,
future
research
directions
in
diabetes.
A
comprehensive
literature
search
was
conducted
using
PubMed,
Medline,
other
medical
databases
identify,
review,
evaluate
published
articles
on
The
focused
studies
examining
pathophysiology,
presentations,
diagnostic
approaches,
strategies.
current
revealed
that
chronic
hyperglycemia,
insulin
resistance,
vascular
factors
are
major
contributing
deficits
Clinical
manifestations
include
impairments
attention,
memory,
executive
function,
visuospatial
abilities,
language.
Risk
encompass
disease
duration,
glycemic
control,
presence
complications,
age,
education
level,
comorbidities.
Assessment
tools
screening
instruments,
neuropsychological
testing,
neuroimaging
techniques.
Management
strategies
involve
control
optimization,
lifestyle
modifications,
training,
pharmacological
interventions.
highlights
prevalence
impact
diabetes,
resulting
from
complex
metabolic
disturbances.
Early
detection
multifaceted
interventions
crucial
for
preserving
function
improving
patient
outcomes.
Future
should
focus
neuroprotective
biomarker
identification,
personalized
approaches.
Collaborative
efforts
between
clinicians
researchers
essential
effectively
address
this
growing
healthcare
challenge
enhance
life
individuals
with
diabetes-related
impairment.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(4), P. 1783 - 1783
Published: Feb. 19, 2025
This
study
examines
the
effects
of
metformin
on
brain
functions
focusing
variability
results
reported
in
literature.
While
some
studies
suggest
that
may
have
neuroprotective
diabetic
patients,
others
report
an
insignificant
impact
cognitive
function,
or
even
a
negative
effect.
We
propose
this
inconsistency
be
due
to
intrinsic
cellular-level
among
individuals,
which
we
term
"biovariance".
Biovariance
persists
demographically
homogeneous
samples
complex
and
stochastic
biological
processes.
Additionally,
metabolic
actions
metformin,
including
its
influence
neuroenergetics
neuronal
survival,
produce
different
depending
individual
characteristics.
Alzheimer s & Dementia,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
21(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
Cognition
is
reduced
at
low
and
high
glucose,
reflecting
cognitive
vulnerability
to
glucose
(CVG)
fluctuations.
The
impact
of
fluctuations
on
the
aging
brain
remains
unclear.
We
examined
whether
CVG
associated
with
plasma
biomarkers
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
pathology
neurodegeneration.
Participants
included
N
=
114
adults
type
1
diabetes
assessed
for
processing
speed
sustained
attention
using
ecological
momentary
assessment
(EMA)
combined
continuous
monitoring
(CGM).
characterized
associations
between
amyloid
beta
(Aβ)
42/40,
phosphorylated
tau
(p-tau)
181
217,
neurofilament
light
chain,
glial
fibrillary
acidic
protein.
was
all
biomarkers,
except
Aβ
42/40.
exhibited
strong
p-tau
that
persisted
across
covariate
specifications.
may
be
a
useful
digital
phenotype
AD.
It
unclear
contributes
versus
arises
from
consider
possible
mechanisms
linking
long-term
variability
development
neuropathology.
Cognitive
used
investigate
CVG's
biomarkers.
Associations
remained
significant
covariates.
discuss
relating
variability,
cognition,
Journal of Diabetology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1), P. 22 - 28
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Abstract
Globally,
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
is
a
growing
health
concern,
currently
affecting
over
537
million
adults
and
projected
to
rise
significantly
in
the
coming
decades.
In
India
alone,
approximately
101
individuals
are
impacted.
Beyond
well-documented
complications
such
as
retinopathy,
kidney
disease,
cardiovascular
issues,
recent
studies
highlight
concerning
association
between
T2DM
cognitive
decline,
with
prevalence
rates
of
impairment
ranging
from
21.8%
45%.
This
if
unrecognized,
can
complicate
self-management,
leading
poor
glycemic
control,
increased
risks.
review
synthesizes
existing
literature
on
examines
potential
yoga
therapeutic
intervention.
Yoga,
an
ancient
mind–body
practice,
incorporates
physical
postures,
breath
meditation,
which
have
been
shown
enhance
function
by
reducing
stress,
promoting
brain
plasticity,
improving
glucose
regulation.
The
study
discusses
specific
practices
that
may
benefit
patients
suggests
their
integration
into
clinical
care.
findings
advocate
for
holistic
approaches,
yoga,
foster
resilience
overall
well-being
managing
T2DM.
Cognitive
T2DM:
decline
among
indicating
wide
range
rates.
Factors
contributing
this
include
chronic
hyperglycemia,
vascular
damage,
neuroinflammation.
Recognizing
population
vital
timely
intervention,
yet
routine
screening
remains
rare
care
settings.
role
yoga:
Yoga
offers
promising,
integrative
approach
enhancing
patients.
reduce
stress
anxiety,
known
adversely
affect
function.
Specific
practices,
mindfulness
asanas,
pranayama,
demonstrated
benefits
attention,
memory,
performance.
Furthermore,
yoga’s
influence
improved
control
also
indirectly
supports
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 29, 2025
Abstract
People
with
type
1
or
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T1DM
T2DM)
often
experience
cognitive
impairment.
We
profiled
cells
in
the
nucleus
basalis
of
Meynert
(NBM)
postmortem
human
brain
tissues
to
investigate
neuropathological
changes.
71
NBM
samples
were
grouped
by
T1DM,
T2DM
and
non-diabetic
controls,
Braak
stage
0-2
3-6.
T1DM
subjects
had
only
thus
compared
controls
a
similar
not
analysed
neurons
expressing
choline
acetyltransferase
(ChAT),
phosphorylated-Tau,
glial
vasculature
respective
markers.
found
significantly
less
neuronal
expression
ChAT
0-2.
Later-stage
hyperphosphorylated-Tau
levels
higher
stages
Our
results
suggest
that
reduced
acetylcholine
production
might
underlie
complains
people
T1DM.
In
contrast,
may
exacerbate
changes
associated
Alzheimer’s
disease-like
alterations.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(3), P. 284 - 284
Published: Feb. 20, 2025
Cognitive
aging,
characterized
by
the
gradual
decline
in
cognitive
functions
such
as
memory,
attention,
and
problem-solving,
significantly
impacts
daily
life.
This
is
often
accelerated
neurodegenerative
diseases,
particularly
Alzheimer’s
Disease
(AD)
Parkinson’s
(PD).
AD
marked
accumulation
of
amyloid-beta
plaques
tau
tangles,
whereas
PD
involves
degeneration
dopaminergic
neurons.
Both
conditions
lead
to
severe
impairment,
greatly
diminishing
quality
life
for
affected
individuals.
Recent
advancements
regenerative
medicine
have
highlighted
mesenchymal
stromal
cells
(MSCs)
their
derived
exosomes
promising
therapeutic
options.
MSCs
possess
regenerative,
neuroprotective,
immunomodulatory
properties,
which
can
promote
neurogenesis,
reduce
inflammation,
support
neuronal
health.
Exosomes,
nanosized
vesicles
from
MSCs,
provide
an
efficient
means
delivering
bioactive
molecules
across
blood–brain
barrier,
targeting
underlying
pathologies
PD.
While
these
therapies
hold
great
promise,
challenges
variability
MSC
sources,
optimal
dosing,
effective
delivery
methods
need
be
addressed
clinical
application.
The
development
robust
protocols,
along
with
rigorous
trials,
crucial
validating
safety
efficacy
exosome
therapies.
Future
research
should
focus
on
overcoming
barriers,
optimizing
treatment
strategies,
exploring
integration
lifestyle
interventions.
By
addressing
challenges,
MSC-
exosome-based
could
offer
transformative
solutions
improving
outcomes
enhancing
individuals
aging
diseases.
Neurological Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 9
Published: Feb. 23, 2025
Objectives
This
study
aims
to
investigate
the
association
of
global
cognitive
with
chronic
conditions,
physical
impairment,
olfactory
function,
socio-demographics
and
other
factors
among
older
adults
in
urban
community,
West
Jakarta.
