Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 15(14), P. 8217 - 8299

Published: July 24, 2015

Abstract. The literature on atmospheric particulate matter (PM), or aerosol, has increased enormously over the last 2 decades and amounts now to some 1500–2000 papers per year in refereed literature. This is part due enormous advances measurement technologies, which have allowed for an increasingly accurate understanding of chemical composition physical properties particles their processes atmosphere. growing scientific interest aerosol high importance environmental policy. In fact, constitutes one most challenging problems both air quality climate change policies. this context, paper reviews recent results within sciences policy needs, driven much increase monitoring mechanistic research decades. synthesis reveals many new developments science underpinning climate–aerosol interactions effects PM human health environment. However, while airborne responsible globally important influences premature mortality, we still do not know relative different components these effects. Likewise, magnitude overall remains highly uncertain. Despite uncertainty there are things that could be done mitigate local global PM. Recent analyses shown reducing black carbon (BC) emissions, using known control measures, would reduce warming delay time when anthropogenic temperature exceed °C. cost-effective measures ammonia, agricultural precursor gas secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), regional eutrophication concentrations large areas Europe, China USA. Thus, environment population. A prioritized list actions full range currently undeliverable shortcomings knowledge science; among shortcomings, roles sources response land use remaining century prominent. any case, evidence from strongly advocates integrated approach

Language: Английский

---

Atmospheric new particle formation and growth: review of field observations

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 103003 - 103003

Published: Sept. 6, 2018

This review focuses on the observed characteristics of atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) in different environments global troposphere. After a short introduction, we will present theoretical background that discusses methods used to analyze measurement data NPF and associated terminology. We update our current understanding regional NPF, i.e. taking simultaneously place over large spatial scales, complement with full reported growth rates during events. shortly at sub-regional scales. Since newly-formed particles into larger sizes is great interest, briefly discuss observation-based which gaseous compounds contribute particles, what implications this have cloud condensation nuclei formation. finish summary main findings future outlook outlines remaining research questions needs for additional measurements.

Language: Английский

---

Production of extremely low volatile organic compounds from biogenic emissions: Measured yields and atmospheric implications

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 112(23), P. 7123 - 7128

Published: May 26, 2015

Significance Extremely low volatility organic compounds (ELVOC) are suggested to promote aerosol particle formation and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) production in the atmosphere. We show that capability of biogenic VOC (BVOC) produce ELVOC depends strongly on their chemical structure relative oxidant levels. BVOC with an endocyclic double bond, representative emissions from, e.g., boreal forests, efficiently from ozonolysis. Compounds exocyclic bonds or acyclic including isoprene, emission tropics, minor quantities ELVOC, role OH radical oxidation is relatively larger. Implementing these findings into a global modeling framework shows detailed assessment pathways crucial for understanding secondary atmospheric CCN formation.

Language: Английский

---

Chemistry of Atmospheric Nucleation: On the Recent Advances on Precursor Characterization and Atmospheric Cluster Composition in Connection with Atmospheric New Particle Formation

Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 65(1), P. 21 - 37

Published: Nov. 18, 2013

The recent development in measurement techniques and theoretical understanding has enabled us to study atmospheric vapor, cluster nanoparticle concentrations, dynamics, their connection nucleation. Here we present a summary of the chemistry clustering, growing nanoparticles, precursors. In this work, focus particularly on gas-to-particle conversion progress its understanding.

Language: Английский

---

Particulate matter pollution over China and the effects of control policies

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 584-585, P. 426 - 447

Published: Jan. 23, 2017

Language: Английский

---

Free energy barrier in the growth of sulfuric acid–ammonia and sulfuric acid–dimethylamine clusters

The Journal of Chemical Physics, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 139(8)

Published: Aug. 28, 2013

The first step in atmospheric new particle formation involves the aggregation of gas phase molecules into small molecular clusters that can grow by colliding with and each other. In this work we used principles quantum chemistry combined a dynamic model to study steady-state kinetics sets consisting sulfuric acid ammonia or dimethylamine molecules. Both were studied without electrically charged clusters. We show main clustering pathways simulated systems together chemical Gibbs free energies growing acid–ammonia system, major growth exhibit energy barriers, whereas acid–dimethylamine system occurs mainly via barrierless condensation. When ions are present, contribute significantly system. For role is minor, except at very low concentration, neutral.

Language: Английский

---

Differing Mechanisms of New Particle Formation at Two Arctic Sites

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 48(4)

Published: Dec. 29, 2020

Abstract New particle formation in the Arctic atmosphere is an important source of aerosol particles. Understanding processes secondary crucial due to their significant impact on cloud properties and therefore amplification. We observed molecular new particles from low‐volatility vapors at two sites with differing surroundings. In Svalbard, sulfuric acid (SA) methane sulfonic (MSA) contribute some extent condensation nuclei (CCN). This occurs via ion‐induced nucleation SA NH 3 subsequent growth by mainly MSA during springtime highly oxygenated organic molecules summertime. By contrast, ice‐covered region around Villum, we driven iodic but its concentration was insufficient grow nucleated CCN sizes. Our results provide insight about sources precursors

Language: Английский

---

Rapid changes in biomass burning aerosols by atmospheric oxidation

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 41(7), P. 2644 - 2651

Published: March 22, 2014

Primary and secondary aerosol particles originating from biomass burning contribute significantly to the atmospheric budget thereby both direct indirect radiative forcing. Based on detailed measurements of a large number plumes variable age in southern Africa, we show that size distribution, chemical composition, single-scattering albedo, hygroscopicity change considerably during first 2–4 h their transport. These changes, driven by oxidation subsequent formation, may reach factor 6 for scattering coefficient >10 cloud condensation nuclei concentration. Since observed changes take place over spatial temporal scales are neither covered emission inventories nor captured large-scale model simulations, findings reported here point out significant gap our understanding climatic effects aerosols.

Language: Английский

---

Molecular identification of organic vapors driving atmospheric nanoparticle growth

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Sept. 30, 2019

Abstract Particles formed in the atmosphere via nucleation provide about half number of atmospheric cloud condensation nuclei, but many locations, this process is limited by growth newly particles. That often organic vapors. Identification these vapors and their sources thus fundamental for simulating changes to aerosol-cloud interactions, which are one most uncertain aspects anthropogenic climate forcing. Here we present direct molecular-level observations a distribution forested environment that can explain simultaneously observed nanoparticle from 3 50 nm. Furthermore, volatility sufficient without invoking particle-phase processes. The agreement between mass growth, predicted condensing represents an important step forward characterization particle growth.

Language: Английский

---

Global analysis of continental boundary layer new particle formation based on long-term measurements

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 18(19), P. 14737 - 14756

Published: Oct. 12, 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is an important phenomenon in terms of global number concentrations. Here we investigated the frequency NPF, rates 10 nm particles, and growth size range 10–25 using at least 1 year aerosol size-distribution observations 36 different locations around world. The majority these measurement sites are Northern Hemisphere. We found that NPF has a strong seasonal variability. At analyzed this study, occurs most frequently March–May (on about 30 % days) December–February (about days). median rate particles varies by 3 orders magnitude (0.01–10 cm−3 s−1) order (1–10 h−1). smallest values both were observed polar largest ones urban environments or anthropogenically influenced rural sites. correlation between event was best moderate among sites, as well belonging to certain environmental regime. For better understanding atmospheric its regional importance, would need more observational data from areas practically all parts world, additional remote North America, Asia, Southern Hemisphere (especially Australia), areas, few over oceans.

Language: Английский

---