Mineral dust aerosol impacts on global climate and climate change

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 71 - 86

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

Language: Английский

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Record-breaking dust loading during two mega dust storm events over northern China in March 2021: aerosol optical and radiative properties and meteorological drivers

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(12), P. 7905 - 7932

Published: June 17, 2022

Abstract. Although a remarkable reduction in the frequency of sand and dust storms (SDSs) past several decades has been reported over northern China (NC), two unexpected mega SDSs occurred on 15–20 27–29 March 2021 (abbreviated as “3.15” “3.27” SDS events), which reawakened widespread concern. This study characterizes optical, microphysical, radiative properties aerosols their meteorological drivers during these events using Sun photometer observations Beijing comprehensive set multiple satellite (including MODIS, VIIRS, CALIOP, Himawari-8) ground-based CMA visibility network AD-Net) combined with atmospheric reanalysis data. Moreover, long-term (2000–2021) optical depth (DOD) dataset retrieved from MODIS measurements was also utilized to evaluate historical ranking loading NC events. During 3.15 3.27 events, invasion plumes greatly degraded large areas NC, extreme low 50 500 m recorded at most sites 15 28 March, respectively. Despite shorter duration event relative event, sun larger peak AOD (∼2.5) former than latter (∼2.0), mainly attributed short-term intrusion coarse-mode particles effective radii (∼1.9 µm) volume concentrations (∼2.0 µm3 µm−2) event. The shortwave direct aerosol forcing induced by estimated be −92.1 −111.4 W m−2 top atmosphere, −184.7 −296.2 surface, +92.6 +184.8 atmosphere CALIOP show that plume lifted an altitude 4–8 km, its range impact extended source eastern coast China. In contrast, lifting height lower confirmed lidar observations. MODIS-retrieved DOD data registered massive intense episode same period history 2 decades. These were associated both circulation extremes local anomalies favored enhanced emissions Gobi Desert (GD) across southern Mongolia NC. Meteorological analysis revealed triggered exceptionally strong Mongolian cyclone generated nearly location (along central plateau Inner Mongolia) conjunction surface-level cold high-pressure system rear, albeit differences magnitude spatial extent impact. GD, early melting spring snow caused near-surface temperature regions, together negative soil moisture decreased precipitation, formed drier barer surfaces, allowed for increased into strongly surface winds cyclone.

Language: Английский

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Mineral dust optical properties for remote sensing and global modeling: A review

Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 303, P. 113982 - 113982

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Dust plays a key role in many Earth system processes and is ubiquitous the Martian atmosphere. Various intensive field campaigns, laboratory analyses, space-based remote sensing missions, global modeling efforts aim to characterize dust optical properties. This bountiful time for scientists, yet interpretation of retrievals comparison models remains complicated by various conflicting assumptions that are part each algorithm. For example, conversion satellite radiance measurements into products like aerosol depth model evaluation depends upon properties particle size shape often prescribed not retrieval. Conversely, calculation uses different assumptions. The goal this review first document algorithmic retrieval models, identify where there consistency differences. In general, differences documented paper reflect uncertainties resulting from incomplete observational characterization aerosols limitations our understanding. Second, we note what observations might reduce knowledge bring greater allowing more rigorous harmonious comparison. lack comprehensive realistic an outstanding issue, such closure between forward refractive index, shape, observed cannot be achieved. Limitations computational methods must applied scattering complex shapes also makes accurate challenging. Field indicate persistence coarse giant particles at higher altitudes farther downwind their source than previously expected. Remote algorithms based on visible wavelengths have limited sensitivity these generally do consider them, although recent product longwave radiances encouraging. Current index bulk fundamental minerology components as hematite vary widely, inhibiting attempts represent variability forcing, expected major regions varying mineralogical composition. Some allow inversion solutions through mixing with other fine mode or optimizing single albedo, but surveyed assume globally uniform, size-invariant index. Although no samples been returned Earth, homogenous composition, spectral assumption has widely adopted dust. comprehensive, statistically representative microphysical (size distribution, morphology, refraction spectra, internal structure heterogeneity), properties, limits ability verify fidelity A chain needed, ranging characterizing individual mineralogy (e.g., pure goethite) situ sampling atmospheric mixtures. Such results could both total burden atmosphere measurements, building it up balance sources sinks.

Language: Английский

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21st century surface UV radiation changes deduced from CMIP6 models: part I—evolution of major influencing factors

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 89 - 109

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Improved Parameterization for the Size Distribution of Emitted Dust Aerosols Reduces Model Underestimation of Super Coarse Dust

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49(8)

Published: April 12, 2022

Aircraft measurement campaigns have revealed that super coarse dust (diameter >10 μm) surprisingly accounts for approximately a quarter of aerosols by mass in the atmosphere. However, most global aerosol models either underestimate or do not include abundance. To address this problem, we use brittle fragmentation theory to develop parameterization emitted size distribution includes emission dust. We implement Community Earth System Model (CESM) and find it brings model good agreement with aircraft measurements close source regions. CESM still underestimates outflow Thus, conclude underestimation atmospheric is part due likely errors deposition processes.

Language: Английский

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Predominant Type of Dust Storms That Influences Air Quality Over Northern China and Future Projections

Earth s Future, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(6)

Published: June 1, 2022

Abstract Dust storms (DSs) originating in East Asia impact ecosystems, climate, and public health China. Although DS frequencies have declined since the 1950s, extreme DSs spring 2021 had major effects on air quality over northern Based daily records during 1979–2021 K ‐means clustering, we define two types (T1 T2) China, accounting for 18.7% 81.3% of DSs, respectively. T1 mainly Gobi Desert, predominantly influence while T2 northwestern China near Taklimakan Desert. are driven by synoptic systems including Mongolian cyclone cold fronts, predictions Climate Models Intercomparison Project Phase Six, demonstrate that frequency would decrease 2020–2100 under shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) 585 scenario but fluctuate with decadal variability SSP126 scenario. Our results indicate can be triggered a range mechanisms, distinct impacts quality.

Language: Английский

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The projected future degradation in air quality is caused by more abundant natural aerosols in a warmer world

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Abstract Previous studies suggest that greenhouse gas-induced warming can lead to increased fine particulate matter concentrations and degraded air quality. However, significant uncertainties remain regarding the sign magnitude of response underlying mechanisms. Here, we show thirteen models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 all project an increase in global average rising carbon dioxide concentrations, but range across is wide. The two main contributors this are abundance dust secondary organic aerosols via intensified West African monsoon enhanced emissions biogenic volatile compounds, respectively. Much inter-model spread related different treatment compounds. Our results highlight importance natural degrading quality under current warming, while also emphasizing improved understanding compounds due climate change essential for numerically assessing future

Language: Английский

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Satellites reveal Earth's seasonally shifting dust emission sources

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 883, P. 163452 - 163452

Published: April 23, 2023

Establishing mineral dust impacts on Earth's systems requires numerical models of the cycle. Differences between optical depth (DOD) measurements and modelling cycle emission, atmospheric transport, deposition indicate large model uncertainty due partially to unrealistic assumptions about emission frequency. Calibrating DOD typically in North Africa, are routinely used reduce magnitude. This calibration forces modelled emissions match but may hide correct magnitude frequency events at source, compensating biases other processes Therefore, it is essential improve physically based modules. Here we use a global collation satellite observations from previous studies point source (DPS) dichotomous data. We show that these DPS data have little-to-no relation with MODIS calibrate albedo-based using distribution those The constrained by (±3.8 kg m-2 y-1) provides benchmark for development. Our calibrated results reveal much less (29.1 ± 14.9 Tg than estimates, seasonally shifting predominance within hemispheres, as opposed persistent African primacy widely interpreted measurements. largest emissions, proceed East Asian deserts boreal spring, Middle Eastern summer then Australian shrublands autumn-winter. new analysis sources varying geochemical properties, far-reaching implications current future dust-climate effects. For more reliable coupled representation projections, our findings suggest need re-evaluate benefit parameterisation.

Language: Английский

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Recent and projected changes in climate patterns in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 4, 2024

Abstract Observational and reanalysis datasets reveal a northward shift of the convective regions over northern Africa in summer an eastward winter last four decades, with changes location intensity thermal lows subtropical highs also modulating dust loading cloud cover Middle East North region. A multi-model ensemble from ten models Coupled Model Intercomparison Project—sixth phase gives skillful simulations when compared to in-situ measurements generally captures trends ERA-5 data historical period. For most extreme climate change scenario towards end twenty-first century, are projected migrate poleward by 1.5°, consistent expansion Hadley Cells, weakening tropical easterly jet up third strengthening typically 10% except eastern Mediterranean where storm track is polewards. The length seasons remain about same, suggesting warming likely be felt uniformly throughout year.

Language: Английский

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Historical footprints and future projections of global dust burden from bias-corrected CMIP6 models

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Dust aerosols significantly affect the Earth’s climate, not only as a source of radiation, but also ice nuclei, cloud condensation nuclei and thus CO 2 exchange between atmosphere ocean. However, there are large deviations in dust model simulations due to limited observations on global scale. Based ten initial Climate Models Intercomparison Project Phase Six (CMIP6) models, multi-model ensemble (MME) approximately underestimates future changes mass loading (DML) by 7–21%, under four scenarios shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Therefore, this study primarily constrains CMIP6 various emission applying an equidistant cumulative distribution function (EDCDF) method combined with Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research Applications version (MERRA2) datasets based observation assimilation. We find that results (19.0–26.1 Tg) 2000–2014 closer MERRA2 (20.0–24.8 than (4.4–37.5 Tg), deviation reduced up 75.6%. emphasize DML during 2081–2100 is expected increase 0.023 g m –2 North Africa Atlantic region, while decreasing 0.006 Middle East Asia. In comparison internal variability scenario uncertainty, uncertainty accounts more 70% total uncertainty. When bias correction applied, decreases 65% 90%, resulting similar variance contribution variability.

Language: Английский

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