Ice-nucleating particles in northern Greenland: annual cycles, biological contribution and parameterizations

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(8), P. 4741 - 4761

Published: April 20, 2023

Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) can initiate ice formation in clouds at temperatures above −38 ∘C through heterogeneous nucleation. As a result, INPs affect cloud microphysical and radiative properties, lifetime, precipitation behavior thereby ultimately the Earth's climate. Yet, little is known regarding sources, abundance properties of INPs, especially remote regions such as Arctic. In this study, 2-year-long INP measurements (from July 2018 to September 2020) Villum Research Station northern Greenland are presented. A low-volume filter sampler was deployed collect samples for offline analysis. An annual cycle concentration (NINP) observed, fraction heat-labile found be higher months with low no snow cover lower when surface well covered (> 0.8 m). Samples were categorized into three different types based only on slope their spectra, namely summer, winter mix type. For each temperature-dependent parameterization derived, clearly depending time year. Winter summer occurred during respective seasons seen 60 % time. The mixed type remaining 40 throughout April, May November transition months. case study comparing April 2019 2020 performed. month selected because significant difference NINP observed these two periods, 2020. parallel differences NINP, also cloud-ice satellite data 2020, compared 2019. period revealed clear dependency either meteorological parameters or which passed by collected air masses. Overall, results suggest that coastal main sources most likely including both local terrestrial marine sources.

Language: Английский

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Clean air policies are key for successfully mitigating Arctic warming

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Oct. 2, 2022

Abstract A tighter integration of modeling frameworks for climate and air quality is urgently needed to assess the impacts clean policies on future Arctic global climate. We combined a new model emulator comprehensive emissions scenarios pollutants greenhouse gases human health co-benefits reductions. Fossil fuel use projected rapidly decline in an increasingly sustainable world, resulting far-reaching benefits. Despite benefits, reductions sulfur more world could enhance warming by 0.8 °C 2050 relative 1995–2014, thereby offsetting benefits gas Targeted technically feasible reduction opportunities exist achieving simultaneous co-benefits. It would be particularly beneficial unlock newly identified mitigation potential carbon particulate matter, yielding equivalent those from dioxide 2050.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of the Spatial Structure of Black Carbon Concentrations in the Near-Surface Arctic Atmosphere

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 139 - 139

Published: Jan. 8, 2023

The results of the research are numerical estimates average fields black carbon mass concentration in surface layer atmosphere Arctic region obtained using numeric technology referred to as fluid location (FLA). modelling has been based on measurements concentrations near-surface during two cruises Professor Multanovskiy (28 July–7 September 2019) and Akademik Mstislav Keldysh (31 July–24 August 2020) vessels. These have supplemented by at stationary monitoring points located Spitsbergen Severnaya Zemlya archipelagoes. simulation summertime demonstrates that areas increased were observed over Northern Europe and, 2019, also Laptev Sea basin. spatial distribution qualitatively agreed with same data derived from second Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research Applications (MERRA-2) but showed quantitative differences. values zones follows: 85.3 ng/m3 (2019) 53.6 (2020) reconstructed FLA technology; 261.69 131.8 MERRA-2 data.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Biomass Burning on Arctic Aerosol Composition

ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 920 - 936

Published: April 4, 2024

Emissions from biomass burning (BB) occurring at midlatitudes can reach the Arctic, where they influence remote aerosol population. By using measurements of levoglucosan and black carbon, we identify seven BB events reaching Svalbard in 2020. We find that most are significantly different to rest year (nonevents) for chemical physical properties. Aerosol mass number concentrations enhanced by up 1 order magnitude during events. During events, submicrometer bulk composition changes an organic- sulfate-dominated regime a clearly organic-dominated regime. This results lower hygroscopicity parameter κ (0.4 ± 0.2) compared nonevents (0.5 0.2), calculated nonrefractory composition. The organic fraction showed no significant difference O:C ratios (0.9 0.3) 0.6). Accumulation mode particles were present all while summer additional Aitken was observed, indicating mixture advected air with locally produced particles. tracers (vanillic, homovanillic, hydroxybenzoic acid, nitrophenol, methylnitrophenol, nitrocatechol) higher when back trajectories passed over active fire regions Eastern Europe, agricultural wildfires as sources. Our suggest impact on Arctic depends season which occur, Europe have potential disturb background conditions most.

Language: Английский

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Year-round trace gas measurements in the central Arctic during the MOSAiC expedition

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 25, 2022

Abstract Despite the key role of Arctic in global Earth system, year-round in-situ atmospheric composition observations within are sparse and mostly rely on measurements at ground-based coastal stations. Measurements a suite trace gases were performed central during Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. These give comprehensive picture near-surface abundances greenhouse gases, i.e., carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, monoxide, dimethylsulfide, sulfur elemental mercury, selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Redundancy certain supported continuity permitted cross-evaluation validation data. This paper gives an overview gas conducted MOSAiC highlights high quality monitoring activities. In addition, case redundant measurements, merged datasets provided recommended further use by scientific community.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Changing Arctic Sea Ice Extent, Sea Ice Age, and Snow Depth on Sea Salt Aerosol From Blowing Snow and the Open Ocean for 1980–2017

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 128(3)

Published: Jan. 21, 2023

Abstract We evaluate the effects of rapidly changing Arctic sea ice conditions on salt aerosols (SSA) produced by oceanic wave‐breaking and sublimation wind‐lofted salty blowing snow ice. use GEOS‐Chem chemical transport model to assess influence extent open ocean, multi‐year (MYI), first‐year (FYI), depths SSA emissions for 1980–2017. combine from Lagrangian snow‐evolution (SnowModel‐LG) together with an empirically‐derived salinity function depth derive spatially temporally varying surface over FYI. find that pan‐Arctic mass concentrations have increased 6%–12% decade −1 during cold season (November–April) 7%–11% warm (May–October). The trend is due increasing originating FYI: as MYI replaced FYI thinning depths, increases more than 11% . During season, rapid loss thus ocean are cause modeled trends. Observations at Alert, Canada display positive trends (10%–12% ), consistent our simulations. fall, Alert observations show a negative (−18% locally decreasing wind speeds lower emissions. These significant changes in could potentially affect past future bromine explosions climate feedbacks.

Language: Английский

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Satellite remote sensing of regional and seasonal Arctic cooling showing a multi-decadal trend towards brighter and more liquid clouds

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 2579 - 2611

Published: Feb. 23, 2023

Abstract. Two decades of measurements spectral reflectance solar radiation at the top atmosphere and a complementary record cloud properties from satellite passive remote sensing have been analyzed for their pan-Arctic, regional, seasonal changes. The pan-Arctic loss brightness, which is explained by retreat sea ice during current warming period, not compensated corresponding increase in cover. A systematic change thermodynamic phase clouds has taken place, shifting towards liquid expense phase. Without significantly changing total optical thickness or mass condensed water atmosphere, content increased, resulting positive trends albedo. This leads to cooling trend being superimposed on amplified warming, induced anthropogenic release greenhouse gases, ice–albedo feedback, related effects. Except over permanent parts marginal zone around Arctic Circle, rate surface both spring (−32 % radiative forcing whole Arctic) summer (−14 %). magnitude this effect depends underlying type changes regional climate.

Language: Английский

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Polar oceans and sea ice in a changing climate

Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Polar oceans and sea ice cover 15% of the Earth’s ocean surface, environment is changing rapidly at both poles. Improving knowledge on interactions between atmospheric oceanic realms in polar regions, a Surface Ocean–Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) project key focus, essential to understanding Earth system context climate change. However, our ability monitor pace magnitude changes regions evaluate their impacts for rest globe limited by remoteness sea-ice coverage. Sea not only supports biological activity mediates gas aerosol exchange but can also hinder some in-situ remote sensing observations. While satellite provides baseline record properties extent, these techniques cannot provide variables within below ice. Recent robotics, modeling, measurement advances have opened new possibilities ocean–sea ice–atmosphere system, critical gaps remain. Seasonal long-term observations are clearly lacking across all phases. Observational modeling efforts sea-ice, ocean, domains must be better linked achieve system-level environments. As warming becoming thinner more ephemeral than before, dramatic over suite physicochemical biogeochemical processes expected, if already underway. These conditions will affect modifying production aerosols, precursors, reactive halogens oxidants, greenhouse gases. Quantifying which enhanced or reduced change calls tailored monitoring programs high-latitude Open questions this coupled best resolved leveraging ongoing international multidisciplinary programs, such as led SOLAS, link research interface.

Language: Английский

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In situ vertical observations of the layered structure of air pollution in a continental high-latitude urban boundary layer during winter

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 3687 - 3715

Published: March 27, 2025

Abstract. Vertical in situ measurements of aerosols and trace gases were conducted Fairbanks, Alaska, during winter 2022 as part the Alaskan Layered Pollution Chemical Analysis campaign (ALPACA). Using a tethered balloon, study explores dispersion pollutants continental high-latitude stable boundary layer (SBL). 24 flights revealed stratified SBL structure with different pollution layers lowest tens meters atmosphere, offering unprecedented detail. Surface emissions generally accumulated surface mixing (ML) extending to an average 51 m, well-mixed sublayer (MsL) reaching 22 m. The height concentrations within ML strongly influenced by local wind driven nearby topography under anticyclonic conditions. During strong radiative cooling, drainage flow increased turbulence near surface, altering temperature profile deepening ML. Above ML, decreased but showed clear signs freshly released anthropogenic emissions. Higher above elevated inversions, levels similar previously reported Arctic haze concentrations, even though Fairbanks' outflow below inversions up 6 times higher, likely due power plant In indicated that gas particle tracer ratios plumes differed significantly from those surface. Overall, correlated stratification emission heights, emphasizing need for improved representation sources air quality models enhance forecasts.

Language: Английский

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Characteristics and effects of aerosols during blowing snow events in the central Arctic

Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Sea salt aerosol (SSaer) significantly impacts aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud interactions, sublimated blowing snow is hypothesized to be an important SSaer source in polar regions. Understanding other wind-sourced aerosols’ climate relevant properties needed, especially during winter when Arctic amplification greatest. However, most of our understanding comes from modeling studies, direct observations are sparse. Additionally, can originate multiple sources, making it difficult disentangle emission processes. Here, we present comprehensive events the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study Climate (MOSAiC) expedition central Arctic. High wind speed strongly enhances total number, submicron sodium chloride mass, cloud condensation nuclei concentrations, scattering coefficients. Generally, relative response enhancement strongest fall concentrations lowest. Blowing showed similar environmental across events, apart occasions with high age (>6 days since last snowfall). Coarse-mode number (>1 μm) better explained by variability averaged over 12-h air mass back trajectories arriving at MOSAiC site compared local, instantaneous speed, suggesting importance regional transport consideration history wind-driven production. These provide new insights into may help validate studies improve model parameterizations particularly indirect radiative forcing.

Language: Английский

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