Non-methane organic gas emissions from biomass burning: identification, quantification, and emission factors from PTR-ToF during the FIREX 2016 laboratory experiment

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 3299 - 3319

Published: March 7, 2018

Abstract. Volatile and intermediate-volatility non-methane organic gases (NMOGs) released from biomass burning were measured during laboratory-simulated wildfires by proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF). We identified NMOG contributors to more than 150 PTR ion masses using gas chromatography (GC) pre-separation with electron ionization, H3O+ chemical NO+ an extensive literature review, time series correlation, providing higher certainty for identifications has been previously available. Our interpretation of the PTR-ToF spectrum accounts nearly 90 % detected across all fuel types. The relative contributions different NMOGs individual exact are mostly similar many fires measurements compared corresponding open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR), broadband cavity-enhanced (ACES), iodide ionization (I− CIMS) where possible. majority comparisons have slopes near 1 values linear correlation coefficient, R2, > 0.8, including compounds that not frequently reported PTR-MS such as ammonia, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), nitrous acid (HONO), propene. exceptions include methylglyoxal known be difficult measure one or deployed instruments. fire-integrated emission ratios CO factors 18 types provided. Finally, we provide overview characteristics species. Non-aromatic oxygenated most abundant. Furans aromatics, while less abundant, comprise a large portion OH reactivity. reactivity, its major contributors, volatility distribution emissions can change considerably over course fire.

Language: Английский

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Volatile chemical product emissions enhance ozone and modulate urban chemistry

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(32)

Published: Aug. 2, 2021

Significance Recent work in Los Angeles has shown that urban volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from consumer and industrial products—termed chemical products (VCPs)—are now an important source of ozone precursors. Using advancements VOC instrumentation, we show VCP are ubiquitous regions can be identified via unique fingerprints. Through detailed modeling, VCPs as to production fossil fuel VOCs the chemistry have significant impacts on model simulations key atmospheric processes. Consequently, air quality models must updated account for both order capture their full impact quality.

Language: Английский

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Observations Confirm that Volatile Chemical Products Are a Major Source of Petrochemical Emissions in U.S. Cities

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 55(8), P. 4332 - 4343

Published: March 15, 2021

Despite decades of declining air pollution, urban U.S. areas are still affected by summertime ozone and wintertime particulate matter exceedance events. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) known precursors secondary aerosol (SOA) photochemically produced ozone. Urban VOC emission sources, including on-road transportation emissions, have decreased significantly over the past few through successful regulatory measures. These drastic reductions in emissions led to a change distribution noncombustion sources VOCs such as those from volatile chemical products (VCPs), which now account for higher fraction burden. Given this shift it is essential quantify relative contribution VCP mobile source pollution. Herein, ground site laboratory measurements were performed. Two locations with different population densities, Boulder, CO, New York City (NYC), NY, chosen order evaluate influence VCPs cities varying mixtures emissions. Positive matrix factorization was used attribute hundreds mobile- VCP-dominated sources. contributed 42 78% anthropogenic Boulder NYC, respectively, while 58 22%. Apportioned compared estimated Fuel-based Inventory Vehicle Emissions agreed within 25% bulk comparison 30% more than half individual compounds. The evaluated inventory extended other suggests that 50 80% reactivity, SOA-forming potential associated demonstrating their important role quality.

Language: Английский

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Identifying Volatile Chemical Product Tracer Compounds in U.S. Cities

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 55(1), P. 188 - 199

Published: Dec. 16, 2020

With traffic emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) decreasing rapidly over the last decades, contributions from other source categories, such as chemical products (VCPs), have become more apparent in urban air. In this work, situ measurements various VOCs are reported for New York City, Pittsburgh, Chicago, and Denver. The magnitude different emission sources relative to is determined by measuring enhancement individual benzene, a known tracer fossil fuel United States. ratios several VCP benzene correlate well with population density (R2 ∼ 0.6–0.8). These observations consistent expectation that some human activity should better than transportation emissions, due lower per capita rate driving denser cities. Using these data, together bottom-up fuel-based inventory vehicle (FIVE-VCP) inventory, we identify categories: decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5-siloxane) personal care products, monoterpenes fragrances, p-dichlorobenzene insecticides, D4-siloxane adhesives, para-chlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF) solvent-based coatings, Texanol water-based coatings. Furthermore, identified (e.g., ethanol) originate multiple sources. Ethanol fragrances among most abundant reactive associated emissions.

Language: Английский

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Ozone chemistry in western U.S. wildfire plumes

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(50)

Published: Dec. 8, 2021

Wildfires are a substantial but poorly quantified source of tropospheric ozone (O3). Here, to investigate the highly variable O3 chemistry in wildfire plumes, we exploit situ chemical characterization western wildfires during FIREX-AQ flight campaign and show that production can be predicted as function experimentally constrained OH exposure, volatile organic compound (VOC) reactivity, fate peroxy radicals. The exhibits rapid transition regimes. Within few daylight hours, formation substantially slows is largely limited by abundance nitrogen oxides (NOx). This finding supports previous observations enhanced when VOC-rich smoke mixes into NOx-rich urban thereby deteriorating air quality. Last, relate underlying fire characteristics, enabling more accurate representation atmospheric models used study quality predict climate.

Language: Английский

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A newly integrated dataset of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) source profiles and implications for the future development of VOCs profiles in China

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 793, P. 148348 - 148348

Published: June 9, 2021

Language: Английский

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Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX‐AQ)

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 128(2)

Published: Dec. 30, 2022

Abstract The NOAA/NASA Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX‐AQ) experiment was a multi‐agency, inter‐disciplinary research effort to: (a) obtain detailed measurements of trace gas aerosol emissions from wildfires prescribed fires using aircraft, satellites ground‐based instruments, (b) make extensive suborbital remote sensing fire dynamics, (c) assess local, regional, global modeling fires, (d) strengthen connections observables the ground such as fuels fuel consumption satellite products burned area radiative power. From Boise, ID western were studied with NASA DC‐8 two NOAA Twin Otter aircraft. high‐altitude ER‐2 deployed Palmdale, CA observe some these in conjunction overpasses other Further conducted three mobile laboratories sites, 17 different forecast analyses for fire, air quality climate implications. Salina, KS investigated 87 smaller Southeast in‐situ data collection. Sampling by all platforms designed measure gases aerosols multiple transects capture chemical transformation perform observations smoke plumes under day night conditions. linked consumed power orbital collected during overflights sampling fuels.

Language: Английский

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A newly developed Lagrangian chemical transport scheme: Part 1. Simulation of a boreal forest fire plume

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 880, P. 163232 - 163232

Published: April 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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Parameterizations of US wildfire and prescribed fire emission ratios and emission factors based on FIREX-AQ aircraft measurements

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 929 - 956

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Abstract. Extensive airborne measurements of non-methane organic gases (NMOGs), methane, nitrogen oxides, reduced species, and aerosol emissions from US wild prescribed fires were conducted during the 2019 NOAA/NASA Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments Air Quality campaign (FIREX-AQ). Here, we report atmospheric enhancement ratios (ERs) inferred emission factors (EFs) for compounds measured board NASA DC-8 research aircraft nine wildfires one fire, which encompass a range vegetation types. We use photochemical proxies identify young smoke reduce effects chemical degradation our calculations. ERs EFs calculated FIREX-AQ observations agree within factor 2, with values reported previous laboratory field studies more than 80 % carbon- nitrogen-containing species. Wildfire are parameterized based correlations sum NMOGs reactive oxides (NOy) modified combustion efficiency (MCE) as well other signatures indicative flaming/smoldering combustion, including carbon monoxide (CO), dioxide (NO2), black aerosol. The primary NMOG correlates MCE an R2 0.68 slope −296 ± 51 g kg−1, consistent studies. mixing CO 0.98 137 4 ppbv per parts million by volume (ppmv) CO, demonstrating that can be estimated CO. Individual species correlate better NO2, NOy, More half NOy in fresh plumes is NO2 0.95 ratio 0.55 0.05 ppbv−1, highlighting fast photochemistry had already occurred sampled fire plumes. follows trends observed experiments increases exponentially MCE, due increased key at higher flaming combustion. These parameterizations will provide accurate boundary conditions modeling satellite plume chemistry evolution predict downwind formation secondary pollutants, ozone

Language: Английский

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Quantifying Methane and Ethane Emissions to the Atmosphere From Central and Western U.S. Oil and Natural Gas Production Regions

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 123(14), P. 7725 - 7740

Published: July 2, 2018

Abstract We present atmospheric measurements of methane (CH 4 ) and ethane (C 2 H 6 taken aboard a National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration WP‐3D research aircraft in 2015 over oil‐ natural gas‐producing regions the central western United States. calculate emission rates from horizontal flux CH C planetary boundary layer downwind five these regions: Bakken North Dakota, Barnett Texas, Denver Basin Colorado, Eagle Ford Haynesville Texas Louisiana. In general, we find that enhancement relative to atmosphere is similar their abundances locally produced gas. For regions, both absolute emissions percentage gas emitted are consistent with previous studies. The was lower than studies which may be due decrease drilling activity, an increase controls, or some combination thereof. Finally, provide first estimates basin‐wide region using situ airborne data greater those region. Emissions combined account for 20% anthropogenic America.

Language: Английский

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