Europe

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1817 - 1928

Published: June 22, 2023

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Language: Английский

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Sea-level rise in Venice: historic and future trends (review article)

Natural hazards and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(8), P. 2643 - 2678

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

Abstract. The city of Venice and the surrounding lagoonal ecosystem are highly vulnerable to variations in relative sea level. In past ∼150 years, this was characterized by an average rate sea-level rise about 2.5 mm/year resulting from combined contributions vertical land movement rise. This literature review reassesses synthesizes progress achieved quantification, understanding prediction individual local level, with a focus on most recent studies. Subsidence contributed half historical Venice. current best estimate during observational period 1872 2019 based tide-gauge data after removal subsidence effects is 1.23 ± 0.13 mm/year. A higher – but more uncertain observed for years. Between 1993 2019, change +2.76 1.75 estimated subsidence. Unfortunately, satellite altimetry does not provide reliable within Lagoon. Local changes closely depend Adriatic Sea, which turn linked Mediterranean Sea. Water mass exchange through Strait Gibraltar its drivers currently constitute source substantial uncertainty estimating future deviations mean trend global-mean value. Regional atmospheric oceanic processes will likely contribute significant interannual interdecadal variability Venetian level magnitude comparable that past. On basis regional projections affecting trends Venice, range atmospherically corrected 2100 ranges between 32 62 cm RCP2.6 scenario 58 110 RCP8.5 scenario, respectively. plausible unlikely high-end strong ice-sheet melting yields 180 2100. Projections human-induced motions available, evidence demonstrates they have potential produce contribution exacerbating hazard posed climatically induced changes.

Language: Английский

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Extreme floods of Venice: characteristics, dynamics, past and future evolution (review article)

Natural hazards and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(8), P. 2705 - 2731

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

Abstract. Floods in the Venice city centre result from superposition of several factors: astronomical tides; seiches; and atmospherically forced fluctuations, which include storm surges, meteotsunamis, surges caused by atmospheric planetary waves. All these factors can contribute to positive water height anomalies individually increase probability extreme events when they act constructively. The largest heights are mostly produced sirocco winds, leading a characteristic seasonal cycle, with most frequent occurring November March. Storm be cyclones whose centres located either north or south Alps. Historically, intense have been cyclogenesis western Mediterranean, west main cyclogenetic area Mediterranean region Gulf Genoa. Only small fraction inter-annual variability is described fluctuations dominant patterns circulation over Euro-Atlantic sector. Therefore, decadal extremes remain largely unexplained. In particular, effect 11-year solar cycle does not appear steadily present if more than 100 years observations considered. historic frequency floods since mid-19th century explained relative mean sea level rise. Analogously, future regional rise will important driver increasing duration intensity through this century, overcompensating for projected decrease marine storminess. covers wide range, reflecting highly uncertain mass contributions melting Antarctica Greenland ice sheets, especially towards end century. For high-emission scenario (RCP8.5), magnitude 1-in-100-year values at northern Adriatic coast 26–35 cm 2050 53–171 2100 respect value subject continued thereafter. moderate-emission (RCP4.5), 12–17 24–56 2100. Local subsidence (which included estimates) further heights. This analysis shows need adaptive long-term planning coastal defences using flexible solutions that appropriate across large range plausible extremes.

Language: Английский

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Venice as a paradigm of coastal flooding under multiple compound drivers

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: April 6, 2022

Abstract Full comprehension of the dynamics hazardous sea levels is indispensable for assessing and managing coastal flood risk, especially under a changing climate. The 12 November 2019 devastating in historical city Venice (Italy) stimulated new investigations flooding problem from different perspectives timescales. Here used as paradigm due to complexity its facing those many other locations worldwide. Spectral decomposition was applied long-term 1872–2019 sea-level time series order investigate relative importance drivers their temporal changes. Moreover, multivariate analysis via copulas provided statistical models correctly understanding reproducing interactions between variables at play. While storm surges are main most extreme events, tides forcings associated with planetary atmospheric waves seasonal inter-annual oscillations predominant determining recurrent nuisance flooding. non-stationary revealed positive trend intensity non-tidal contribution last three decades, which, along rise, contributed an increase frequency floods Venice.

Language: Английский

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The prediction of floods in Venice: methods, models and uncertainty (review article)

Natural hazards and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(8), P. 2679 - 2704

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

Abstract. This paper reviews the state of art in storm surge forecasting and its particular application northern Adriatic Sea. The city Venice already depends on operational systems to warn population economy imminent flood threats, as well help protect extensive cultural heritage. will be more important future, with new mobile barriers called MOSE (MOdulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico, Experimental Electromechanical Module) that completed by 2021. depend accurate control their operation. In this paper, physics behind flooding is discussed, Europe reviewed. challenges for are analyzed, especially view uncertainty. includes consideration selected historic extreme events were particularly difficult forecast. Four potential improvements identified: (1) improve meteorological forecasts, (2) develop ensemble forecasting, (3) assimilation water level measurements (4) a multimodel approach.

Language: Английский

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Selected Worldwide Cases of Land Subsidence Due to Groundwater Withdrawal

Water, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1094 - 1094

Published: March 13, 2023

The present review paper focuses on selected cases around the world of land subsidence phenomena caused by overexploitation aquifers. Land is closely related to human activity. In particular, development technology has led an exponential increase in industrial and agricultural production, as well extensive urbanization, mainly large cities. action those parameters, along with effects climate change, further increases water demands, which have been served Overexploitation, conjunction broader geo-tectonic conditions, can trigger severe phenomena, resulting significant damage affecting physical man-made environment. scope study provide a critical existing literature due aquifer highlight main causal factors driving this process. methods developed past their outcomes hold importance sustainable strategic planning.

Language: Английский

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Climate projections of the Adriatic Sea: role of river release

Frontiers in Climate, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: April 29, 2024

The Adriatic Sea, characterized by unique local features in comparison to the broader Mediterranean stands out as a highly susceptible region climate change. In this context, our study involves focused downscaling approach, concentrating on water cycle. This encompasses integrated modeling at mesoscale, covering atmosphere, hydrology, and marine general circulation. period spans from 1992 2050, considering high emission scenario RCP8.5. We aim evaluating how river release projection affects density stratification sea level rise. Indeed, is found decrease approximately 35% mid-term future condition of column with differences between Northern Southern sub-basins. projected runoff has major impact sub-basin, where haline-dominated foreseen salinization prevails heating through whole column. Conversely, lower changes other mechanisms may play role, e.g., changing properties entering Otranto Strait intermediate deep provides first evidence decreasing discharge locally reduces stratification, increases dense water, mitigates rise thus acting opposite direction global warming. To minimize uncertainty coastal ocean projections around world, it essential that integrates high-resolution hydrology hydrodynamics models correctly reproduce link surface buoyancy resulting dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Assessing Current Coastal Subsidence at Continental Scale: Insights From Europe Using the European Ground Motion Service

Earth s Future, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Abstract Beside climate‐change‐induced sea‐level rise (SLR), land subsidence can strongly amplify coastal risk in flood‐prone areas. Mapping and quantifying contemporary vertical motion (VLM) at continental scales has long been a challenge due to the absence of gridded observational products covering these large domains. Here, we fill this gap by using new European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) assess current state VLM Europe. First, compare InSAR‐based EGMS Ortho (Level 3) with nearby global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) velocity estimates show that geodetic reference frame used calibrate influences millimeter per year level needs be considered caution. After adjusting more updated accurate International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF2014), performed an assessment low elevation flood plains (CFPs). We find nearly half CFP area is, on average, subsiding rate faster than 1 mm/yr. More importantly, urban areas populations located experience near −1 mm/yr average (excluding uplifting Fennoscandia region). For harbors, is even larger increases −1.5 average. This demonstrates widespread importance continental‐scale assessments based InSAR GNSS better identify higher from relative SLR subsidence.

Language: Английский

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Traditional wooden foundation piles in Amsterdam and Venice: techniques for the assessment of their state of conservation

Wood Material Science and Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 16

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Language: Английский

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Coastal sea level monitoring in the Mediterranean and Black seas

Ocean science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 997 - 1053

Published: July 15, 2022

Abstract. Employed for over a century, the traditional way of monitoring sea level variability by tide gauges – in combination with modern observational techniques like satellite altimetry is an inevitable ingredient studies climate scales and coastal seas. The development instrumentation, remote data acquisition, processing, archiving last decades has allowed extension applications to variety users hazard managers. Mediterranean Black seas are examples such transition while having long tradition observations several records spanning number gauge stations growing rapidly, available both real time as research product at different resolutions. As no comprehensive survey networks been carried out recently these basins, aim this paper map existing infrastructures respective availability. encompasses description major their characteristics, including type sensors, measuring resolutions, availability, existence ancillary measurements, altogether collecting information about 240 presently operational stations. availability global European repositories also screened classified following sampling interval quality check, pointing necessity harmonization metadata series repositories. Finally, assessment networks' capabilities use done, recommendations that might mitigate bottlenecks ensure further coordinated way, critical need era human-induced changes rise.

Language: Английский

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