First Homo erectus from Turkey and implications for migrations into temperate Eurasia

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 135(1), P. 110 - 116

Published: Dec. 8, 2007

Remains of fossil hominins from temperate regions the Old World are rare across both time and space, but such specimens necessary for understanding basic issues in human evolution including linkages between their adaptations early migration patterns. We report here remarkable circumstances surrounding discovery first hominin calvaria Turkey. The specimen was found Denizli province western Turkey recovered within a solid block travertine stone as it being sawed into tile-sized slabs commercial natural building market. new fills an important geographical temporal gap displays several anatomical features that shared with other Middle Pleistocene Africa Asia attributed to Homo erectus. It also preserves unusual pathology on endocranial surface frontal bone is consistent diagnosis Leptomeningitis tuberculosa (TB), this evidence represents most ancient example disease known human. TB exacerbated dark-skinned peoples living northern latitudes by vitamin D deficiency because reduced levels ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Evidence supports thesis UVR one many climatic variables presenting adaptive challenge during Europe Asia.

Language: Английский

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First report of Mycobacterium bovis DNA in human remains from the Iron Age

Microbiology, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 153(4), P. 1243 - 1249

Published: March 22, 2007

Tuberculosis has plagued humankind since prehistoric times, as is evident from characteristic lesions on human skeletons dating back to the Neolithic period. The disease in man due predominantly infection with either Mycobacterium tuberculosis or bovis, both members of M. (MTB) complex. A number studies have shown that when conditions permit, surviving mycobacterial DNA may be amplified bone by PCR. Such ancient (aDNA) analyses are subject stringent tests authenticity and, feasible, invariably limited fragmentation. Using PCRs based single-nucleotide polymorphic loci and regions difference (RDs) MTB complex, a study was made five Iron Age individuals spinal recovered cemetery Aymyrlyg, South Siberia. sensitive screening PCR for complex mycobacteria positive four out cases. Genotyping evidence indicated all cases were bovis rather than data consistent proposed phylogenetic model This believed first report causing Pott's archaeological remains. shows genotyping ancestral strains contexts known date provides information which allows phylogeny tested. Moreover, it loss RD4, defines classic had already occurred genome over 2000 years before present.

Language: Английский

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Paleopathological and biomolecular study of tuberculosis in a medieval skeletal collection from England

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Journal Year: 2001, Volume and Issue: 114(4), P. 298 - 311

Published: March 22, 2001

Abstract Nine human skeletons of medieval date from a rural English burial site show signs skeletal tuberculosis. They were subject to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays aimed at detecting traces DNA infecting mycobacteria, with the purpose both confirming paleopathological diagnosis tuberculosis and determining in individual cases whether disease was due M. or bovis . In all nine cases, evidence for complex found, instances it appeared that rather than The significance findings understanding tuberculous infection agrarian communities England is discussed. Am J Phys Anthropol 114:298–311, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Language: Английский

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Anatomy of a serial killer: Differential diagnosis of tuberculosis based on rib lesions of adult individuals from the Coimbra identified skeletal collection, Portugal

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Journal Year: 2005, Volume and Issue: 130(1), P. 38 - 49

Published: Dec. 13, 2005

Abstract The role of new bone formation on visceral surfaces ribs in the diagnosis tuberculosis (TB) past human populations has been explored by many researchers, using both skeletal remains with known causes death and archaeological samples. This study focuses, firstly, adult skeletons from Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection Portugal investigates manifestations individuals to have died TB; secondly, this focuses rib lesions diagnostic criteria for TB. One hundred fifty‐seven males 106 females aged between 22–87 years were examined; assigned as pulmonary TB, extrapulmonary non‐TB; a control group, non‐TB, was selected remaining individuals. Of lesions, 85.7% (69/81) had or TB an cause death, while 17.8% (16/90) non‐TB death. Rib significantly more common who although cannot be considered pathognomonic In dying central part cage most affected, at their vertebral ends. lower may marker peritoneal “coral‐like” indicator neoplastic disease. Further work involvement clinical contexts, further documented collections, are recommended. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Language: Английский

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Anemia and childhood mortality: Latitudinal patterning along the coast of pre-Columbian Peru

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Journal Year: 2004, Volume and Issue: 127(2), P. 152 - 169

Published: Nov. 19, 2004

Hrdlicka ([1914] Smithson. Inst. Misc. Collect. 61:1-69) reported that pre-Columbian skeletal material from the coastal lowland Andean region exhibited a high frequency of porotic hyperostosis, pathological condition bone generally is thought to indicate childhood anemia. While subsequent studies tended reinforce this conclusion, factors implicated in have yet be fully explored as whole. This study explores regional and intravalley variation one step establishing biocultural variables increase apparent risk The sample includes 1,465 individuals: 512 Peruvian collections housed at Field Museum Natural History, 953 systematically excavated contexts Moquegua, Peru. Environmental stressors, such parasites disease, rather than specific dietary practices were found more likely associated with anemia these samples. supports cribra orbitalia an earlier expression hyperostosis suggests recorded here, cannot easily dismissed result cranial shape modification. No clear temporal patterns observed. Finally, establishes comparing data for children adults can reveal relative association between mortality. Childhood mortality was elevated where presence tuberculosis or tuberculosis-like conditions common water-borne pathogens negligible. In contrast, those buried lower altitudes, closer coast, consuming mainly marine resources less die other studied.

Language: Английский

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A bioarcheological study of maxillary sinusitis

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 133(2), P. 792 - 807

Published: April 11, 2007

Abstract Maxillary sinusitis was studied as an indicator of poor air quality. Seven skeletal samples were examined from North America, England, and Nubia, selected to represent different geographic locations, environments, subsistence economies. Frequency rates varied 17.2 51.5% individuals affected with one or both sinuses preserved. Hardin Village had the highest frequency (51.5%), followed by Aleuts (42.9%), “Illinois” (38.6%), Indian Knoll (38.5%), Kulubnarti (21.8%), Christchurch, Spitalfields (18.0%), “South Dakota” (17.2%). Male frequencies ranged 16.7 36.7%, but female more widely 18.0 76.5%. At most sites exceeded male. The effect urban rural environment on occurrence, also economy, biological sex, social status explored, comparative considered; agricultural a mean 48.5%, 45.0%, hunter‐gatherer 40.0%. In male near equal, in frequencies. Dental disease not found have much impact frequency. importance link between quality respiratory health is highlighted clinical studies developed developing countries, bioarcheological studies. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Language: Английский

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Rib lesions in skeletons from early neolithic sites in Central Germany: On the trail of tuberculosis at the onset of agriculture

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 149(3), P. 391 - 404

Published: Oct. 5, 2012

Abstract As an infectious disease, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes death worldwide. Paleopathological and paleomicrobiological studies indicate a long standing association causative agent Mycobacterium its human host. Since occurrence epidemic spread this pathogen seem to be closely linked social biological factors, it particular interest understand better role TB during periods nutritional change such as Neolithic. In study, 118 individuals from three sites in Saxony‐Anhalt (Germany) dating Linear Pottery Culture (5400–4800 BC) were examined macroscopically identify related bone lesions. two individuals, Pott's disease was detected. addition, periosteal reactions varying degrees frequency observed mainly along neck ribs 6.5% (2/31) subadults 35.1% (20/57) adults, with site out markedly. Rib lesions, however, are not specific indicators they can also caused by other diseases; so additional investigations undertaken using histology micro‐CT scans say more about process. Supplementary molecular analyses presence pathogens belonging complex all sites. Furthermore, we discuss Neolithic regard aspects possible risks infection. The data presented provide important insights into health status Early populations Central Germany. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Language: Английский

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Population trends and the transition to agriculture: Global processes as seen from North America

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(4)

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

Agriculture-specifically an intensification of the production readily stored food and its distribution-has supported increase in global human population throughout Holocene. Today, with greatly accelerated growth during recent centuries, we have reached about 8 billion people. Human skeletal archaeobotanical remains clarify what occurred over several millennia profound societal change small-scale societies once distributed across North American midcontinent. Stepwise, not gradual, changes move toward agriculturally based life, as indicated by plant remains, left a demographic signal reflecting age-independent ([Formula: see text]) mortality estimated from skeletons. Designated component Siler model, it is tracked through juvenility index (JI), which increasingly being used studies archaeological Usually interpreted fertility indicator, JI more responsive to that dominated most existence. In midcontinent, increased people transitioned intensive form prominently featured maize. Several centuries later, declined, along reversion somewhat diverse diet reduction overall size. Changes coincided previously recognized increases intergroup conflict, group movement, pathogen exposure. Similar rises falls values been reported for other parts world emergence agricultural systems.

Language: Английский

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A picture of tuberculosis in young Portuguese people in the early 20th century: A multidisciplinary study of the skeletal and historical evidence

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Journal Year: 2001, Volume and Issue: 115(1), P. 38 - 49

Published: April 12, 2001

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the evidence, and consider differential diagnosis, for tuberculosis (TB) in juvenile individuals from early 20th century documented skeletons. There are 66 male female Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection (CISC) with an age at death ranging 7–21 years. died between 1904–1936 different areas Coimbra, Portugal. Eighteen these TB affecting parts body. Thirteen (72.2%) showed skeletal lesions that may be related infection. Of 48 a non‐tuberculous cause death, only 2 (4.2%) had changes could attributed TB. distribution manifestations caused by types under study, based on macroscopic radiological findings, is described discussed. In addition, medical records 6 tuberculous who University Hospital (CUH) were analysed, information, including their diet access treatment, presented. This work, data arising before antibiotics became available can contribute future diagnosis non‐documented material, will facilitate more reliable individuals. Am J Phys Anthropol 115:38–49, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Language: Английский

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Widespread occurrence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA from 18th–19th century Hungarians

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Journal Year: 2003, Volume and Issue: 120(2), P. 144 - 152

Published: Jan. 22, 2003

Abstract A large number (265) of burials from 1731–1838 were discovered in sealed crypts the Dominican Church, Vác, Hungary 1994. Many bodies naturally mummified, so that both soft tissues and bones available. Contemporary archives enabled determination age at death, identification family groups. In some cases, symptoms before death described and, occasionally, occupation. Initial radiological examination a small individuals had indicated calcified lung lesions demonstrable acid‐fast bacteria suggestive tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis was endemic 18th–19th century Europe, human remains should contain detectable Mycobacterium complex (MTB) DNA, enabling comparisons with modern isolates. Therefore, comprehensive 168 for presence MTB DNA undertaken. Specific amplification methods showed 55% positive incidence varied according to sampling site body. Radiographs obtained 27 revealed an association between gross pathology DNA. There inverse relationship PCR positivity target sequence size. preservation excellent, several gene sequences could be detected same sample. This information, combined sequencing data molecular typing techniques, will enable us study past epidemiology TB infection, extends timeframe studying changes fingerprints. Am J Phys Anthropol 120:144–152, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Language: Английский

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