"When," "Where," and "How" of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Affects the Human Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review

Balkan Medical Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 7 - 22

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Heartfailure, ischemic myocardial injuries, microvascular disease, Kounis syndrome, prolonged COVID, fibrosis, myocarditis, new-onset hypertension, pericarditis, postural orthostatic tachycardia pulmonary stroke, Takotsubo venous thromboembolism, and thrombocytopenia.In this narrative review, we describe elucidate when, where, how COVID-19 affects the human cardiovascular system in various parts of body that are vulnerable every patient category, including children athletes.

Language: Английский

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Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID

npj Science of Food, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: March 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiome dysbiosis and immune activation correlate with somatic and neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19 patients

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: March 14, 2025

Abstract Background Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, can lead to a range of physical symptoms and mental health challenges, including stress, anxiety, depression. These effects are particularly pronounced in hospitalized patients, likely due virus’s direct indirect impact on nervous system. Gut dysbiosis, an imbalance gut microbiome, has been implicated immune dysfunction chronic inflammation COVID-19 patients. However, interactions between microbiome composition remain incompletely understood. Methods We investigated association symptoms, cytokine profiles, microbiota 124 collected data demographics, severity, indicators (stress, depression). profiling was performed using full-length 16 S rRNA gene sequencing evaluate microbial diversity composition. Results severity categorized as low (27.4%), moderate (29.8%), or critical (42.8%). Common included fever (66.1%) cough (55.6%), while somatic (27.3%), anxiety depressive (39%), stress (80.5%) were frequently self-reported. Elevated interleukin-6 levels severe cases highlighted systemic inflammation, reduced bacterial diversity, among women obese correlated higher disease severity. Notably, genus Mitsuokella associated increased distress, Granulicatella linked illness. Conclusions Our findings reveal significant associations status, dysbiosis results indicate potential microbiome-targeted therapies mitigate psychological complications improve recovery outcomes this population.

Language: Английский

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Gastrointestinal pathophysiology in long COVID: Exploring roles of microbiota dysbiosis and serotonin dysregulation in post-infectious bowel symptoms

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 358, P. 123153 - 123153

Published: Oct. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Preferential apical infection of Caco-2 intestinal cell monolayers by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with damage to cellular barrier integrity: Implications for the pathophysiology of COVID-19

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e0313068 - e0313068

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

SARS-CoV-2 can infect different organs, including the intestine. In an in vitro model of Caco-2 intestinal cell line, we previously found that modulates ACE2 receptor expression and affects molecules involved intercellular junctions. To further explore possibility epithelium serve as alternative infection route for SARS-CoV-2, used a polarized monolayers cells (or co-cultures two lines: HT29) grown on polycarbonate membrane Transwell inserts, inoculated with virus either upper or lower chamber culture to determine tropism apical basolateral pole these cells. both co-culture Caco-2/HT29 monolayer, inoculation was be much more effective establishing than inoculation. addition, triggers monolayer degeneration, shown by histological examination, measurement trans-epithelial electrical resistance, adhesion molecule expression. During infection, infectious viruses reach chamber, suggesting transcytosis mechanism from side cells, paracellular trafficking after damage junctions epithelial barrier, both. Taken together, data indicate preferential human tract suggest via lumen leads systemic infection.

Language: Английский

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Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastic Differentially Affects the Colon and Liver in Adult Male Mice

Environmental Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

ABSTRACT Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as novel environmental pollutant. Their ubiquity in natural environments and the global dissemination of plastic particles through food drink led to oral ingestion these by all kinds living organism. In this investigation, male mice were subjected exposure 2 μm virgin PS‐MPs for 6 weeks. To accomplish this, 36 adult NMRI gavaged with at concentrations 0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/kg body weight. A control group was also accounted for, which received 0.1 mL distilled water. The results show that activity antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) decreased, while level malondialdehyde increased colon liver. Additionally, findings showed can disrupt integrity intestinal barrier inhibit secretion mucus mice, mucin secretion, cause changes tissue structure Further information regarding toxicity MPs a terrestrial organism obtained study, assist evaluation potential health hazards may pose organisms.

Language: Английский

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AGING THROUGH THE LENS OF THE GUT MICROBIOME: CHALLENGES AND THERAPEUTIC OPPORTUNITIES

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100142 - 100142

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Increase of VEGF and Fibronectin expression and ultrastructural alterations of intercellular junctions in a swab negative patient after SARS-COV-2 infection

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: March 21, 2025

SARS-CoV-2 infection has been responsible of COrona VIrus Disease (COVID-19) pandemia and can cause a variety symptoms including gastrointestinal disorders, abdominal pain liver injury. The host receptor for SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, is expressed in gut could induce vascular damage immune system dysregulation, creating an inflammatory hypercoagulable state, as widely described at the lung level. This work presents case middle-aged Caucasian man admitted to Hospital Emergency Department from University Ferrara (Italy), complaining upper middle region abdomen. patient tested negative nose-oropharyngeal swab four weeks after recovering viral infection. required resection segment ileum ulcer bowel wall was recognized sampled. Previous published results had confirmed presence nucleocapsid protein, increased human leukocyte antigen (HLA-G) altered morphology microvilli ulcerated when compared non-ulcerated ileum. present study sought deepen consequences To this end, we evaluated expression co-expression Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Fibronectin by immunohistochemical techniques. VEGF higher than control sample areas co-expressed with SPIKE protein. staining lower Electron microscopy analysis showed alterations integrity intestinal barrier area or sample. Although protein detected his terminal ileum, especially areas. also associated increase Fibronectin. In addition changes, junctional apparatus among epithelial cells, making tissue even more fragile thus susceptible entry pathogens development further infections.

Language: Английский

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Impairment of Esophageal Barrier Integrity: New Insights into Esophageal Symptoms in Post-COVID-19

Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Love in the Time of COVID: Psychiatric Outcomes Related to Oxytocin and the “Endocrine Organ”

OBM Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 09(02), P. 1 - 17

Published: May 9, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic was an eye-opener for many medical disciplines. It highlighted viral exploitation of physiological cellular processes, including endocytosis and senescence. These pathways play essential role in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, schizophrenia (SCZ). Oxytocin, commonly called the “love hormone,” is produced posterior hypothalamus crucial various social intelligence, sexual activity, metabolism. Many viruses, SARS-CoV-2, have been shown to inhibit release oxytocin from intestinal epithelial cells, thus hastening gut barrier Premature molecular aging at this level enables microbial migration outside lumen, triggering inflammation immunogenicity. community immunologically tolerated within gastrointestinal tract but can activate host immunity upon translocation. Immune responses displaced commensals and/or their components may contribute neuroinflammation gray matter volume reduction, a hallmark severe mental illness. Oxytocin opposes translocation into systemic circulation through several mechanisms, anti-inflammatory, tight junctions-upregulation, suppression senescence-associated secretory phenotype—the toxic secretome by senescent cells. <em>Limosilactobacillus reuterii, </em>a commensal microbe known producing oxytocin, shows antiviral anti-translocation effects, implying beneficial schizophrenia. This condition has linked dysfunctional increased suggesting that replacement therapy could benefit patients with review article summarizes current understanding oxytocin's discusses natural synthetic compounds promote homeostasis.

Language: Английский

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