Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Treatment Outcomes of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Twin Cities of Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 35 - 40

Published: March 31, 2025

Pakistan is the world's fifth-highest Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis burden region. However, it difficult to evaluate setback of COVID-19 when concurrent tuberculosis excluded in patients from Pakistan, where national and drug-resistant substantial rising despite management efforts. The pandemic prevalent countries tuberculosis, notably high. Objectives: To compare pre para-pandemic favourable unfavorable outcomes treatment PMDT Units Islamabad Rawalpindi. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. included Pre Para-COVID-era (n=670) three sites Rawalpindi 2016-2021. non-probability consecutive sampling technique applied. validated structured questionnaire administered patients. Results: Results show that pre-COVID n=240 (35.82%) Para-Covid era n=226 (33.73%) had outcomes. Unfavorable before during were 128 (18.35%) 82 (12.2%) respectively. has affected outcomes, both unfavorable, which are far behind success targets set by WHO End-tuberculosis. Conclusions: It concluded this compared pre- post-COVID-19, showing rates surpassing WHO-End targets. Key factors residential status, gender, occupation.

Language: Английский

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Tuberculosis mortality and drug resistance among patients under TB treatment before and during COVID-19 in Burundi: a case–control study

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: May 17, 2025

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) experience has underscored the consequences of inequalities in health and access to services across within countries. Vulnerable population groups have been disproportionately exposed certain diseases such as tuberculosis (TB) due service interruptions. current study aimed assess TB related mortality risk drug resistance during COVID-19 Pandemic Burundi. We conducted an incident case-control on 362 patients, with 181 multidrug resistant (MDR-TB) patients susceptible (DS-TB) patients. These under treatment between July 11, 2018, November 11,2022 (18 months before 18 COVID-19). Baseline susceptibility status data were captured at initiation. Mortality follow-up was compared categories susceptibility, period (before vs COVID-19) regimen phase. A multivariate logistic regression used show predictive factors. K-Fold cross-validation evaluate final model. half 40 years old, majority them being unemployed, malnourished lacking food support treatment. Most lived precarious conditions limited healthcare services. overall TB-related 16.0% (95% CI: 12.5%- 20.3%) 15.5% (95%CI: 10.7%-21.8%) MDR-TB 16.6% 11.6%-22.9%) DS-TB Stratified by period, 15.3% 11.7%-20.9%) pandemic 17.1% (95%C 11.5%-24.6%) pandemic. More than a deaths occurred intensive phase significantly higher (p < 0.05) among undergoing pandemic, those low education level, living rural areas, using public transportation, or overcrowded households (big family size,a small number rooms). Additionally, history TB, previous failure, close contact more likely MDR-TB. likelihood further increased cumulative presence these factors same patient. particularly odds encompass range socio demographic clinical economically disadvantaged findings underscore need for targeted equity-driven interventions high-risked populations, especially context emerging outbreaks, order accelerate elimination goals. Additional investigation should focus treatment, which aligns 2025 World Health Organization consolidated guidelines diagnosis control.

Language: Английский

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Changes in the molecular genetic structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Republic Sakha (Yakutia) in 2009–2024: spread of Beijing B0/W148 subtype

Acta Biomedica Scientifica (East Siberian Biomedical Journal), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 239 - 248

Published: May 19, 2025

Introduction. In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) since 2020, incidence tuberculosis (TB) has become lower than Russian average against background an increase in proportion multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including among new cases. Objec tiv e. T o analyz e changes molecular genetic structure M. for 2009–2024. Ma t erials and methods. We studied 669 2009–2014 (first period) 2022– 2024 (second by RD 207/105/181, SNPand MIRU-VNTR 24 typing R esults. The primary MDR (without pre-XDR XDR) were 22.2 % 24.6 periods, increased from 1.0 to 16.9 XDR emergence 3.3 2022–2024. second period, Beijing genotype was predominance (67.3 vs. 43.3 first period; p < 0.001), Central Asian 21.7 31.0 (p = 0.006), B0/W148 14.9 34.0 0.001). Euro-American lineage represented endemic S (13.8 18.0 periods), genotypes T, LAM, Ural, H. all age groups found. profiles (53,9 vs 7,3 %; 0,001) found (6.9 %). For S, (33,3 5,7 0,002) 44.4 %. Conclusion. period 2022–2024, population, a high level (60.8 %), (60.1 %) detected. have spread influence amplification, as genotype, which requires further surveillance control.

Language: Английский

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Patient and provider perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis healthcare access and delivery: an interpretive description study of the complexities of a pandemic within a pandemic in Alberta, Canada

BMJ Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. e002498 - e002498

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Introduction We aimed to explore patient and provider perspectives of the impact COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis healthcare access service delivery. Methods used interpretive description, a qualitative approach with end-goal informing decisions actions in clinical practice. Levesque et al ’s ‘Conceptual framework health care’ informed development our interview guides. Interviews were conducted virtually confidentially transcribed verbatim. Data generation analysis occurred concurrently. Analysis was by Braun Clarke’s six phases reflexive thematic analysis. Strategies enhance rigour trustworthiness findings used. Results completed 15 interviews: 6 patients 9 providers. Three key themes generated: (1) diagnostic hurdles created delay; (2) hybrid services promote equity; (3) navigating complexities within pandemic. Diagnosing challenging even prior since some providers lacked experience familiarity condition. The process further complicated onset However, also introduced streamlined virtual care for which convenient improved but not viewed as being equivalent in-person care. intersection pandemics competition limited resources while highlighting learnings that may positively future Conclusions Our can inform system leadership about how impacted other public threats like tuberculosis, helping prepare more effectively equitably challenges.

Language: Английский

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Resistance characteristics of culture-positive tuberculosis from 2015 to 2022

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 23, 2025

Introduction This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of resistance first-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs and molecular mechanisms underlying mutations in patients with culture-positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). The findings provide a data basis for developing more precise regionally tailored anti-TB treatment regimens. Methods From 2015 2022, total 3,605 strains isolated from 10 designated TB medical institutions main urban county/township areas Luoyang City, China, were confirmed as MTBC members through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting specific insertion sequence IS6110. Drug susceptibility testing using proportional method was performed analyze patterns drugs, namely, isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RFP), streptomycin (SM), ethambutol (EMB). Molecular drug conducted on resistant multicolor melting curve analysis (MMCA) determine mutation associated phenotypic resistance. Results Among cases, 79.5% (2,866 cases) male, 64.9% (2,341 resided county township areas, 64.8% (2,336 younger than 60 years. rates highest lowest, SM (16.5%), INH (15.7%), RFP (9.9%), EMB (6.4%). overall significantly higher areas. During period, proportion mono-resistance (MR-TB), multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) polydrug-resistant (PDR-TB) decreased by 59.2% (12.9–5.3%), 40.3% (12.4–7.4%), 68.3% (6.9–2.2%), respectively. predominant MDR-TB PDR-TB MDR4 (INH + RIF SM) PDR2 SM). significant observed rpsL 43 (66.2%, 344 cases), katG 315 (70.6%, 361 rpoB 529-533 (54.0%, 183 embB 306 (56.5%, 108 cases). Resistance cases frequently involved combinations hotspot but not strictly confined these sites. Conclusion Tuberculosis have declined over time, distinct regional variations patterns. Significant responsible predominantly involve common mutations, they are limited these.

Language: Английский

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Breathing Back Better! A State of the Art on the Benefits of Functional Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Post-Tuberculosis and Post-COVID Lungs

Archivos de Bronconeumología, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 58(11), P. 754 - 763

Published: June 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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Launch of IJTLD OPEN: a new home for open access papers on respiratory disease

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 1 - 2

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in saliva by quantitative PCR: A potential alternative specimen for pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis

Tuberculosis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 148, P. 102554 - 102554

Published: July 31, 2024

Language: Английский

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Overweight and obesity as emerging risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 23, 2025

Introduction: Obesity and tuberculosis (TB) are two escalating global public health challenges. Emerging evidence suggests that overweight obesity may be associated with an increased risk of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB). We conducted a systematic review meta-analysis to assess whether influence the clinical outcomes MDR-TB. Methods: systematically searched five databases for studies published from inception through December 31, 2024. Results: Eight observational comprising 6,743 TB cases 5,339 MDR-TB met inclusion criteria. Our analysis revealed were 38% (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.14-1.67), moderate heterogeneity (I² = 78.7%, p < 0.0001). Notably, this association was significant only in Asia 1.75; 1.49–2.06), suggesting potential racial or regional differences susceptibility. Due limited data, we unable perform on other such as adverse effects anti-TB treatment, prolonged treatment regimens, MDR-TB-related mortality. Conclusion: Overweight emerging factors MDR-TB, particularly Asian populations. These findings highlight need consider metabolic nutritional status control strategies. However, due study data outcomes, further high-quality research is essential confirm these associations elucidate underlying mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Tuberculosis in the Russian Federation: Prognosis and Epidemiological Models in a Situation After the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 11 - 22

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, many support programs for tuberculosis (TB) patients have been discontinued and TB mass screening activities decreased worldwide, resulting in a decrease new case detection an increase deaths (WHO, WHO global lists high burden countries TB, multidrug/rifampicin-resistant (MDR/RR-TB) TB/HIV, 2021-2025, 2021). The study aimed to assess changes epidemiological indicators Russian Federation simulate these post-COVID-19 period.The main were analyzed with use government statistical data period from 2009 2021. Further mathematical modeling coming years was carried out, taking into account by chest X-ray. Statistical analysis out using software environment R (v.3.5.1) computing commercial Package Social Sciences (SPSS Statistics Windows, version 24.0, IBM Corp., 2016). Time series forecasting performed programming language calculations R, 4.1.2 bsts package, 0.9.8.The has found that mean regression coefficient single predictor differs model incidence mortality (0.0098 0.0002, respectively). Forecast overall incidence, children forecast basic scenario (screening 75-78%) 2022 2026 characterized rate 23.1%, 15.6% 6.0% per year, respectively. A conservative 47-63%) indicates will continue 23.2%, Comparable obtained optimistic 82-89%) 22.9%, 15.4% respectively.It proven significance X-ray as is minimal. However, at least 60% population (chest adults immunological tests children) provided relationship between (TB increases coverage and, conversely, decreases coverage).

Language: Английский

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